Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk assessment among outpatients attending the University of Ghana Hospital

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk assessment among outpatients attending the University of Ghana Hospital | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk assessment among outpatients attending the University of Ghana Hospital Gideon Yormabu, Augustine Ankomah, Afua Amoabeng, Naana A.A Agyeman, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8544104/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : In Sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related deaths occur among young people. In contrast to developed countries, where CVD mortality has declined, the burden continues to rise in developing countries. This study estimated the 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease and assessed the risk factors of CVD risk among patients presenting to the University of Ghana Hospital. Method : A cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was conducted among 185 participants. The World Health Organisation (W.H.O) STEPwise approach was used to collect demographic, physical measurements, and biochemical data. The Framingham risk algorithm of scores using Covariates was generated. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean, and standard deviation were used, while the Chi-square test and bivariate and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine significant associations. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean 10-year Framingham risk score for the patients was 10.3% (CI: 8.9 - 11.7). Out of the 185 participants, 11.3% had scores ≥20% and were at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years. There was an association between sex (p=0.031), age (p<0.001), educational level (p=0.019), hypertension (p<0.001), uncontrolled hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), uncontrolled diabetes (p=0.047), and 10-year risk stratification of CVD. Most respondents had a moderate risk of developing CVDs, and about one in ten had a high CVD risk. Conclusion : CVD risk among patients at the University of Ghana Hospital was substantial, with over one in ten at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease within ten years. These findings indicate an urgent need for early screening and targeted prevention strategies to reduce future CVD burden in this population. Cardiovascular Disease 10-year risk University of Ghana Hospital Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8544104","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":586537254,"identity":"3a5ef38d-e439-409f-aec0-3bd6afc486c3","order_by":0,"name":"Gideon Yormabu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Ghana Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gideon","middleName":"","lastName":"Yormabu","suffix":""},{"id":586537255,"identity":"0fe8ef58-f778-4cb9-ab54-10c227efa16a","order_by":1,"name":"Augustine Ankomah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ghana Population Council","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Augustine","middleName":"","lastName":"Ankomah","suffix":""},{"id":586537257,"identity":"49ed0b13-b5cf-4a8d-92d9-f31ea70987c1","order_by":2,"name":"Afua Amoabeng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Ghana","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Afua","middleName":"","lastName":"Amoabeng","suffix":""},{"id":586537258,"identity":"a14830b4-6be3-46c8-adf0-1f6afa6ba456","order_by":3,"name":"Naana A.A Agyeman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Public Health, University of Ghana","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naana","middleName":"A.A","lastName":"Agyeman","suffix":""},{"id":586537259,"identity":"c4dddaf0-306f-479d-9198-e907864fc2ea","order_by":4,"name":"Grace Ahadzie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Ghana Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Grace","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahadzie","suffix":""},{"id":586537260,"identity":"2418c523-341d-4113-83d8-807e721c396b","order_by":5,"name":"Jerry S. 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In contrast to developed countries, where CVD mortality has declined, the burden continues to rise in developing countries. This study estimated the 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease and assessed the risk factors of CVD risk among patients presenting to the University of Ghana Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod\u003c/strong\u003e: A cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was conducted among 185 participants. The World Health Organisation (W.H.O) \u0026nbsp;STEPwise approach was used to collect demographic, physical measurements, and biochemical data. The Framingham risk algorithm of scores using Covariates was generated. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean, and standard deviation were used, while the Chi-square test and bivariate and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine significant associations. P-values \u0026lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Mean 10-year Framingham risk score for the patients was 10.3% (CI: 8.9 - 11.7). Out of the 185 participants, 11.3% had scores ≥20% and were at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years. There was an association between sex (p=0.031), age (p\u0026lt;0.001), educational level (p=0.019), hypertension (p\u0026lt;0.001), uncontrolled hypertension (p\u0026lt;0.001), diabetes (p\u0026lt;0.001), uncontrolled diabetes (p=0.047), and 10-year risk stratification of CVD. Most respondents had a moderate risk of developing CVDs, and about one in ten had a high CVD risk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e: CVD risk among patients at the University of Ghana Hospital was substantial, with over one in ten at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease within ten years. These findings indicate an urgent need for early screening and targeted prevention strategies to reduce future CVD burden in this population.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk assessment among outpatients attending the University of Ghana Hospital","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-07 08:50:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8544104/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e6011f96-94cf-4c2f-8222-39d89430f7c5","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 7th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-03T08:28:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-07 08:50:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8544104","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8544104","identity":"rs-8544104","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}