Patterns of self-medication among university students in San Jose, Costa Rica

Background Self-medication is defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed symptoms without the supervision of healthcare physicians. Self-medication is a growing public health phenomenon and is associated with risks such as misdiagnosis and drug toxicity. This study aimed to identify the patterns associated with the practice of self- medication among university students in San José, Costa Rica. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted to identify variables associated. Information was collected on the conditions treated, medications used and their sources. Results The study found that self-medication is highly prevalent among Costa Rican university students. 91.4% of the sample reported self-medicating, with each student consuming an average of 2.15, ± 1,08 drugs. The most Frequently used active ingredients were paracetamol and Ibuprofen. Results also show a relation between the most consumed types of drugs and the principal causes of drug intoxication reported by Costa Rica’s National Poison Center. 77.8% of the participants considered self-medication a risky practice. Conclusions Self-medication is common among Costa Rican university students. The prevalence found is higher than that reported in previous studies conducted in the country. These findings suggest the need to implement prevention campaigns and regulatory policies to ensure the safe consumption of medical drugs.