Synthesis and Characterisation of Borate Ester for Brake Fluid Applications

Synthesis and Characterisation of Borate Ester for Brake Fluid Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Synthesis and Characterisation of Borate Ester for Brake Fluid Applications Sameer Kulkarni, K R SatyaKrishna, Anupama Joshi, Vinod Kallur, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9004979/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Brake fluids are indispensable for ensuring the safety and reliability of automotive braking systems. Despite the increasing adoption of electric vehicles and regenerative braking technologies, conventional hydraulic brake fluids remain critical due to their ability to deliver rapid response times and minimal stopping distances. Among commercial formulations, glycol and borate ester based fluids such as DOT4 are widely used; however, there is limited open-research on the systematic synthesis and detailed characterization of their constituent compounds. In this study, a borate ester was synthesized through the esterification of boric acid with triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGMME) and subsequently char acterized using a suite of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Key perfor mance parameters,including equilibrium reflux boiling point (ERBP), wet ERBP, pH, density, and viscosity,were measured to evaluate the ester’s suitability for brake fluid applications. FTIR and GC-MS analyses confirmed the intended molecular structure and highlighted the presence of higher molecular weight species compared to commercial DOT4 fluids, suggesting potential improvements in thermal stability and performance. The results demonstrate that the synthesized borate ester exhibits excellent thermal stability, favorable rheological properties, and compatibility with established brake fluid specifications. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of advanced brake fluid formulations and establish a foundation for future studies on long-term durability, corrosion resistance, and formulation optimization. Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Brake fluid DOT4 Borate ester High molecular weight ERBP Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9004979","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":598970650,"identity":"79471916-7ca7-4c51-9ddc-87c37b602a8a","order_by":0,"name":"Sameer 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Despite the increasing adoption of electric vehicles and regenerative braking technologies, conventional hydraulic brake fluids remain critical due to their ability to deliver rapid response times and minimal stopping distances. Among commercial formulations, glycol and borate ester based fluids such as DOT4 are widely used; however, there is limited open-research on the systematic synthesis and detailed characterization of their constituent compounds. In this study, a borate ester was synthesized through the esterification of boric acid with triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGMME) and subsequently char acterized using a suite of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Key perfor mance parameters,including equilibrium reflux boiling point (ERBP), wet ERBP, pH, density, and viscosity,were measured to evaluate the ester’s suitability for brake fluid applications. FTIR and GC-MS analyses confirmed the intended molecular \u0026nbsp;structure and highlighted the presence of higher molecular weight species compared to commercial DOT4 fluids, suggesting potential improvements in thermal stability and performance. The results demonstrate that the synthesized borate ester exhibits excellent thermal stability, favorable rheological properties, and compatibility with established brake fluid specifications. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of advanced brake fluid formulations and establish a foundation for future studies on long-term durability, corrosion resistance, and formulation optimization.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Synthesis and Characterisation of Borate Ester for Brake Fluid Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-03 02:34:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9004979/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3634d152-df61-455d-ab50-6e8a26213988","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 3rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":63733717,"name":"Organic Chemistry"},{"id":63733718,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},{"id":63733719,"name":"Chemical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-03T02:34:45+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-03 02:34:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9004979","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9004979","identity":"rs-9004979","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}