Flow Mode and Heat Removal Performance Investigation in a Closed Cavity Filled With Al2O3-water Nanofluid Having Two Pairs of Heat Source-sink

Flow Mode and Heat Removal Performance Investigation in a Closed Cavity Filled With Al2O3-water Nanofluid Having Two Pairs of Heat Source-sink | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Flow Mode and Heat Removal Performance Investigation in a Closed Cavity Filled With Al 2 O 3 -water Nanofluid Having Two Pairs of Heat Source-sink M. U. Ahammad This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6848866/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study uses numerical analysis to explore the flow behaviour and heat removal capabilities of an Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid in a closed U -shaped cavity which contains source-sink at bottom wall. Galerkin weighted residual based finite element method (FEM), an appropriate numerical method for capturing both regular and irregular domain is applied in the present research. The effects of pertinent parameters namely, free convection parameter Rayleigh number (10 4 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 7 ) and nanoparticle volume fraction (0.01 ≤ φ ≤ 0.1) is investigated here for laminar, steady and Newtonian water (Pr = 7.0) based nanofluid. The findings are expressed by streamlines, isotherms and average Nueselt number which are shown in both graphical and tabular form. In addition velocity profiles, temperature profiles as well as temperature gradient magnitude profiles are revealed for improved comprehension of flow visualization and temperature behaviour. According to the results, heat removal effectiveness is enhanced by increasing the value of Ra and φ in where comparatively Ra plays a crucial role in heat transfer rate. This work offers important information on how to use nanofluids to optimize thermal management systems in enclosures with several thermal situations. Flow mode Heat removal Al2O3 -water Nanofluid Heat source Heat sink Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6848866","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":468206969,"identity":"20cf55b2-f61e-468a-91d1-1b6e08af72e3","order_by":0,"name":"M. U. Ahammad","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYGBjZmHgb29sMPPrDBBZmJ0MJzJs1wBlALD2EtIMAGVCDhYCDNQ4wW3fbDbY95yqxlzCUYEoxtyg7L2TMwP/zAuMMapxazM4ntxjzn0nksZzceeJxz7rAxDwObsQTjmXTcWg4ktknzth3mMbhzIME4t+1wYg9QkIGx7TBuLecfQrXcSDCQtmw7XN/DwP4Nv5YbiUhagCoTgGFHwJYbD9sk5wD9YnAGGMg959INew7zFEsk4vPL+fRnEm/KrO0NjgOj8keZtTx7e/vGDx/xhBgWAIqRBFI0jIJRMApGwSjAAAD89VMwMiobIwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"U.","lastName":"Ahammad","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-08 17:53:49","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6848866/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6848866/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84354936,"identity":"7765edb5-2604-41db-9c7e-98df1c6c7320","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-11 02:32:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":934489,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Article.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6848866/v1_covered_f2bb5bbb-d27b-419d-9a52-646aa9ec2fd9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFlow Mode and Heat Removal Performance Investigation in a Closed Cavity Filled With Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-water Nanofluid Having Two Pairs of Heat Source-sink\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Dhaka University of Engineering \u0026 Technology","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Flow mode, Heat removal, Al2O3 -water, Nanofluid, Heat source, Heat sink","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6848866/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6848866/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study uses numerical analysis to explore the flow behaviour and heat removal capabilities of an \u003cem\u003eAl\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003eO\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e-water nanofluid in a closed \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e-shaped cavity which contains source-sink at bottom wall. Galerkin weighted residual based finite element method (FEM), an appropriate numerical method for capturing both regular and irregular domain is applied in the present research. The effects of pertinent parameters namely, free convection parameter Rayleigh number (10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e ≤ \u003cem\u003eRa\u003c/em\u003e ≤ 10\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e) and nanoparticle volume fraction (0.01 ≤ \u003cem\u003eφ\u003c/em\u003e ≤ 0.1) is investigated here for laminar, steady and Newtonian water (Pr = 7.0) based nanofluid. The findings are expressed by streamlines, isotherms and average Nueselt number which are shown in both graphical and tabular form. In addition velocity profiles, temperature profiles as well as temperature gradient magnitude profiles are revealed for improved comprehension of flow visualization and temperature behaviour. According to the results, heat removal effectiveness is enhanced by increasing the value of \u003cem\u003eRa\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eφ\u003c/em\u003e in where comparatively \u003cem\u003eRa\u003c/em\u003e plays a crucial role in heat transfer rate. This work offers important information on how to use nanofluids to optimize thermal management systems in enclosures with several thermal situations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Flow Mode and Heat Removal Performance Investigation in a Closed Cavity Filled With Al2O3-water Nanofluid Having Two Pairs of Heat Source-sink","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-11 02:08:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6848866/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0b60a623-2de7-49d1-9e60-0f17c7afab14","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-11T02:08:54+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-11 02:08:54","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6848866","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6848866","identity":"rs-6848866","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}