Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on breastfeeding in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on breastfeeding in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on breastfeeding in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso Koffi Apéali Wassiou AGBOKOU, Wendinpuikondo Raketa Ella Compaoré, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4651146/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Nutrition → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Breastfeeding practices during the first 1000 days of a child’s life are crucial for their health, development and survival. However, several factors influence mothers' sensitivity to breastfeeding. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on colostrum, early breastfeeding and ablactation age. Methods A cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim was carried out from February 2021 to March 2022 in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso. It consisted of an initial and final evaluation of 163 mother-child couples aged 6 to 12 months who participated in at least 5 consultation sessions for healthy infants in public health facilities. The chi-square test and the Wilcoxon rank test were used to analyze the associations of the variables and the difference between the levels of mothers' knowledge at the initial and final assessments respectively. Results Among surveyed mothers, colostrum was considered good for child health by 89.6% and 98.2% of mothers at initial and final assessments respectively. Almost all mothers (98.2%) gave colostrum and 3 out of 4 mothers breastfed their children in the first hour after childbirth. Colostrum donation and early breastfeeding by the mother are statistically associated with their occupations (P = 0.000) and their opinions on the effect of colostrum on infant health (P = 0.000). Awareness significantly increased mother’s knowledge on the benefits of colostrum, ablactation age, time and benefits of early breastfeeding (P = 0.000). It also had a positive impact on mother’s opinion of the effect of colostrum on infant health. Conclusion Data analysis sugest that it is necessary for health providers to be well trained or continously retrained to raise awareness among pregnant and parturient women about the optimal practice and benefits of breastfeeding. Colostrum early breastfeeding attitude practice Burkina Faso Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1. Intoduction Human milk is first food for the newborn, which uniquely responds to nutrient and immune system protection needs for survival, health and development [ 1 ]. Several data have shown that breast milk is rich in nutrients and defense molecules to ensure the growth, harmonious development and strengthening of the infant’s immune system [ 2 ]. In addition, it also promotes the reduction of the prevalence of health problems such as malnutrition, obesity or atopy [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Thus, breastfeeding is the optimal feeding mode for infants [ 1 ]. That is why both WHO and UNICEF recommend that children start breastfeeding within one hour of delivery to benefit from colostrum [ 1 ]. Nevertheless, after 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, children should begin to consume safe and adequate complementary foods, while continuing to be breastfed until at least 2 years of age [ 6 ]. Despite the undeniable benefits of breastfeeding for both the child and his mother, its optimal practice remains insufficient. Early initiation of breastfeeding at birth is uncommon in West Africa because colostrum is not traditionally given to newborns [ 7 , 8 ]. In Burkina Faso, in recent years, data from national nutrition surveys using the SMART methodology have revealed that fewer than 6 in 10 mothers breastfed in the first hour after childbirth. Not all children consumed colostrum at birth and were not continuously breastfed until two years [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Among the many social, economic or cultural reasons put forward to explain these situations, the place and role of health services may be predominant [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. It is well-known that the education and knowledge of mothers about child nutrition is necessary [ 15 ]. It could be interesting to have micro-data in Burkina Faso which can serve as evidence on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children from 6 to 12 months on neonatal consumption of colostrum, early breastfeeding and age of ablactation in public health facilities. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Study design, location and population The study was carried out in 16 health and social promotion centers (CSPS) and the medical center (CM) of the village of « To » (Fig. 1 ). All these health facilities have been selected in the 7 bourgs of the province of Sissili in the west-central region of Burkina Faso (Fig. 1 ). Selection criteria of CSPS were the attendance rate of children aged 0–11 months in 2018, the presence of at least three health workers at the CSPS, the weekly frequency of healthy infant consultations and the accessibility of the CSPS during the study period. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study from a longitudinal follow-up study of a cohort of mother-children couples from 6 to 12 months. It focused on mothers participating in at least 5 infants consultation sessions coupled with culinary demonstrations. It took place in two phases: an initial evaluation carried out from February to July 2021 and a final evaluation carried out from July 2021 to March 2022. The choice of mothers' participation in a minimum of 5 healthy infant consultation sessions coupled with the culinary demonstration is justified by the observation that during 5 sessions, most of the information on infant and young child feeding covered. 2.2. Inclusion criteria Mothers meeting the following criteria were included at the start of the study: - to be a mother who has come to the healthy infant consultation with her healthy and breastfed child of 6–12 months; - to be selected to follow the CSPS culinary demonstrations; - to reside in the CSPS health area; - to give free consent to participate in the study. 2.3. Exclusion criteria Were excluded from the study: - mothers of severe acute malnourished children (W/H < − 3 z-scores or MUAC < 115 mm and/or presence of bilateral edema) and moderate acute malnourished children 115 mm ≤ MUAC < 125 mm or -3 z-scores ≤ W/H< -2 z-scores); - mothers of children with severe physical or mental disabilities; - mothers belonging to a family on temporary visit or traveling in the health area of the CSPS of enrollment. 2.4. Sample size The minimum sample size (N) of mothers of children 6 to 12 months before enrollment was détermined using the classic Schwartz formula of [ 17 ]. $$\text{N}=\frac{{Z}^{2}\text{x} \text{P} \text{x} (1-\text{P})}{{C}^{2}}$$ Where, Z: value corresponds to a given confidence level (1.96 for a 95% confidence level), C: standard error (5%), P: prevalence of the minimum acceptable diet of the province of Sissili (15.7%), [ 10 ]. With a retained cluster effect equal to 1.0, the minimum sample size was 203 mothers. To compensate in advance for non-responses and drop-outs and to ensure that the total number of mothers actually participating in the study will reach at least the minimum of 203, the sample was increased by 10%, id est, a total of 20 mothers. Thus, at the start of the study, the final sample size was rounded to 230 mothers. However, the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, practices on neonatal consumption of colostrum, early breastfeeding and the age of ablactation was carried out on 163 mothers who participated in at least 5 healthy infant consultation coupled with culinary demonstrations and had answered to the initial and final questionnaires. 2.5. Methods and tools of data collection The face-to-face mode was used during data collection from mothers by investigators and supervisors. The questionnaires were digitized on the Kobotoolbox facility ( https://www.kobotoolbox.org ) and were administered at the beginning and from the fifth follow-up sessions of the healthy infant consultation. They were developed using WHO standard questionnaires used to determine indicators for evaluating infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The questionnaires were formulated using the health provider trainer’s guide and the health provider’s handbook on the integrated package of infant and young child feeding services (PISA) in Burkina Faso and the guide to assessing FAO’s nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. 2.6. Study variables sociodemographic characteristics of mothers: age of mothers, education levels and profession ; obstetric history of mothers: the number of pregnancies, the place and the mode of delivery of the child and the number of prenatal consultations carried out ; knowledge and attitudes of mothers on colostrum, early breastfeeding and the age of ablactation : opinions on the effect of colostrum on the health of the infant, reasons for the negative opinion on colostrum, advantages of colostrum, time of early breastfeeding, benefits of early breastfeeding and age of ablactation ; level of knowledge of mothers about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding: levels of knowledge of the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding were determined by the method of Essi and Njoya [ 21 ] ; mother’s breastfeeding practices: indicators recommended by the WHO such as first breastfeeding after childbirth, colostrum consumption and associated factors were determined to assess breastfeeding practices by mothers [ 22 ]. 2.7. Determination of level of knowledge of mothers about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding The assessment of the level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding consisted of first allocating one point (+ 1) to each correct answer and no points (0) to each inappropriate answer. Then, the knowledge level score is determined by operating the ratio of the sum of points allocated to each answer to the total sum of possible points allocated to the correct answers. Finally, the qualifiers “bad”, “insufficient”, “average” and “good” are attributed to the level of knowledge when the score was less than 25%, less than 50%, less than 70% and more than 70% respectively [ 21 ]. 2.8. Statistical analyses Data were extracted from Kobotoolbox inputs and analyzed with Microsoft Excel LTSC 2021 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. The qualitative variables were described in terms of number and proportion. The quantitative variables were described in terms of number, mean and standard deviation depending on the distribution of the variables. The Wilcoxon rank test with paired samples was used to analyze the difference between the mothers' levels of knowledge at the initial and final assessments. Associations between variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. Difference was considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. 3. Results 3.1. Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers The average age of the mothers was 27.2 ± 5.7 years with a minimum and maximum age of 17 and 41 years. The proportion of mothers aged 20 to 24 was the highest, at 30.7% (Table 1 ). In terms of educational attainment, 30.67% of mothers were in schooled, of which 14.7% had a secondary school level or higher. Agriculture is the main activity which occupies 58.9% of mothers (Table 1 ). Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers Variables Modalities Effective percentage Age in year 17–19 12 7.4 20–24 50 30.7 25–29 38 23.3 30–34 41 25.2 35–41 22 13.5 Level of education Unschooled 113 69.3 Alphabetised 13 8.0 Primary 13 8.0 Secondary / Higher 24 14.7 Profession Housewife 37 22.7 Farmer 96 58.9 Breeder 4 2.5 Commercial / Artisan 20 12.3 Public/private employee 3 1.8 Student / Pupil 3 1.8 3.2. Maternal obstetric history The mothers had an average of three pregnancies. The proportion of primigravida mothers (20.2%) is the highest (Table 2 ). Eight out of ten mothers have completed at least four prenatal consultations. Almost all mothers gave birth in a health center and by vaginal delivery (Table 2 ). Table 2 Distribution of mothers according to their obstetric and neonatal history Variables Modalities Effectif Percentage Pregnancy rank 1st pregnancy 33 20.2 2nd pregnancy 25 15.3 3rd pregnancy 32 19.6 4th pregnancy 24 14.7 5th pregnancy 17 10.4 6th to 9th pregnancy 32 19.6 Number of prenatal consultations 1–3 26 16.0 4–7 137 84.0 Place of delivery Maternity 160 98.2 Domicile 3 1.8 Mode of delivery Cesarean 1 0.6 vaginal delivery 162 99.4 3.3. Knowledge and attitude of mothers about colostrum The majority of mothers at the initial (89.6%) and final (99.4%) assessments stated that colostrum is good for child health (Table 3 ). Regarding the benefits of colostrum, most mothers claimed that colostrum protects the infant from diseases at the initial (69.3%) and final (88.9%) assessment. Furthermore, at the beginning 9 out of 163 mothers perceived colostrum as unfit milk for consumption and unhealthy for the child. But after sensitization and brain stormings, only 1 out of 163 mothers were reluctant for colostrum consumption (Table 3 ). Table 3 Distribution of mothers according to their opinion and knowledge about colostrum Variables Modalities Initial evaluation n (%) Final evaluation n (%) Opinion on the effect of colostrum on infant health Good for infant health 146 (89.6) 162 (99.4) Bad for infant health 9 (5.5) 1 (0.6) Don’t Know 8 (4.9) 0 (0.0) Benefits of Colostrum Don’t Know 35 (21.4) 6 (3.7) Protects from diseases 113 (69.3) 145 (88.9) Rich in nutrients 52 (31.9) 116 (71.1) Laxative cleanses the infant’s stomach 51 (31.2) 64 (39.2) Reasons for the negative opinion on colostrum Milk unfit for consumption 8 (4.9) 1 (0.6) Gives diarrhea to the infant 0 (0) 0 (0) Gives diseases to the infant 1 (0.6) 0 (0) n : number ; % : proportion 3.4. Knowledge of mothers about early breastfeeding and age of ablactation of children The proportion of mothers who were confident that a child should be breastfed in the first hours after birth increased by 11.7% at final assessment (Table 4 ). In addition, the proportion of mothers who reported not knowing the benefits of early breastfeeding decreased by 9.2% at the final evaluation (Table 4 ). Breastfeed up to 24 months recommended by the WHO is known by almost 89.6% at the final evaluation compared 74.8% at the initial evaluation (Table 4 ) Table 4 Distribution of mothers according to knowledge about early breastfeeding of the child and age of ablactation Variables Modalities Initial evaluation n (%) Final evaluation n (%) Early breastfeeding time Do not know 20 (12.3) 6 (3.7) In the first hours 127 (77.9) 146 (89.6) Between 1–24 hours 12 (7.4) 11 (6.7) After 24 hours 4 (2.4) 0 (0) Benefits of early breastfeeding Do not know 37 (22.7) 22 (13.5) Facilitates the expulsion of the placenta 24 (14.7) 51 (31.3) Stimulates breast milk production 86 (52.8) 109 (66.9) Reduces the risk of bleeding after childbirth 37 (22.7) 76 (46.6) Protects the newborn and reduces the risk of mortality 92 (56.4) 110 (67.5) Ablactation age of children Less than 24 months 21 (12.9) 4 (2.4) 24 months 122 (74.8) 146 (89.6) More than 24 months 20 (12.3) 13 (8) n : number ; % : proportion 3.5. Levels of knowledge about colostrum, early breastfeeding and associated factors The initial and final evaluation on the benefits of colostrum revealed a significant reduction in the proportions of mothers with poor and insufficient knowledge levels of 17.2% and 9.8% at the final evaluation, respectively. On the other hand, the proportion of mothers with means and good knowledge levels increased respectively by 4.3% and 22.2% at the final evaluation, respectively (Fig. 2 ). Regarding the advantages of early breastfeeding, the proportions of mothers with poor, insufficient and medium knowledge levels decreased by 9.2%, 12.8% and 3.1%, respectively at the final evaluation while those with good knowledge levels increased by 25.1% (Fig. 3). Figure 3 Distribution of mothers according to levels of knowledge on the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial and final assessments to levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial and final evaluation (P = 0.000) Among the associated studied factors (Table 5 ), the profession is linked with the level of knowledge on the advantages of early breastfeeding at the initial and final evaluation (P = 0.000). While the significant link between the level of education and the level of knowledge of mothers on the advantages of early breastfeeding (P = 0.042) initially observed was canceled at the final evaluation. The profession is also significantly associated with mothers' level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at the final evaluation (P = 0.000). Table 5 Factors associated with mothers' levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding Associated factors P - value Level of knowledge of the benefits of colostrum at initial assessment Level of knowledge of the benefits of colostrum at the final assessment Level of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial assessment Level of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at final assessment Level of education 0.815 0.258 0.042* 0.409 Profession 0.052 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* Place of delivery 0.680 0.648 0.715 0.750 Mode of delivery 0.120 0.645 0.282 0.758 Number of Prenatal Consultations followed 0.435 0.937 0.451 0.630 P : significance threshold of the chi square test ; * P < 0.05 The result of Table 6 on the distribution of mothers according to the factors associated with mothers' levels of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding revealed that at the initial assessment, the highest proportions of mothers of poor and insufficient level of knowledge on early breastfeeding were the farmers (31.3%) and those not in school (45.4%). At the final assessment, farming mothers with an average and good level of knowledge on the advantages of early breastfeeding (38.6%) and the advantages of colostrum (33.6%) were the most numerous (Table 6 ). Table 6 Distribution of mothers' levels of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding according to factors significantly associated Profession Level of education Factors associated Modalities Farmer n (%) Household n (%) Commercial / Artisan n (%) Breeder n (%) Student / Pupil n (%) Public/private employee n (%) Unschooled n (%) Literate n (%) Primary n (%) Secondary / Higher n (%) Level of knowledge of colostrum benefits at final evaluation Bad 1 (0.6) 3 (1.8) 1 (0.6) 0 (0) 1 (0.6) 0 (0) 4 (2.5) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (1.2) Insufficient 24 (14.7) 18 (11) 8 (4.9) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 40 (24.5) 2 (1.2) 4 (2.5) 4 (2.5) Average 35 (21.5) 2 (1.2) 4 (2.5) 4 (2.5) 0 (0) 1 (0.6) 32 (19.6) 6 (3.7) 2 (1.2) 6 (3.7) Good 36 (22.1) 14 (8.6) 7 (4.3) 0 (0) 2 (1.2) 2 (1.2) 37 (22.7) 5 (3.1) 7 (4.3) 12 (7.4) Level of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at the initial evaluation Bad 17 (10.4) 17 (10.4) 3 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 30 (18.4) 1 (0.6) 2 (1.2) 4 (2.5) Insufficient 34 (20.9) 14 (8.6) 14 (8.6) 1 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 44 (27.0) 5 (3.1) 7 (4.3) 7 (4.3) Average 22 (13.5) 4 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 23 (14.1) 2 (1.2) 2 (1.2) 2 (1.2) Good 23 (14.1) 2 (1.2) 3 (1.8) 2 (1.2) 2 (1.2) 2 (1.2) 16 (9.8) 5 (3.1) 2 (1.2) 11 (6.7) Level of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at final evaluation Bad 5 (3.1) 15 (9.2) 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 19 (11.7) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (1.8) Insufficient 28 (17.2) 7 (4.3) 5 (3.1) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 31 (19.0) 4 (2.5) 4 (2.5) 3 (1.8) Average 17 (10.4) 1 (0.6) 6 (3.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 17 (10.4) 2 (1.2) 1 (0.6) 8 (4.9) Good 46 (28.2) 14 (8.6) 7 (4.3) 2 (1.2) 2 (1.2) 3 (1.8) 46 (28.2) 7 (4.3) 13 (8) 14 (8.2) n : number ; % : proportion 3.6. Breastfeeding practices of mothers The analysis of the mothers' responses showed that almost all (98.2%) of the children would have consumed colostrum and 3 out of 4 children would have been put to the breast in the first hour following delivery (Figs. 4 and 5). 3.7. Factors associated with maternal breastfeeding practice Colostrum donation and early breastfeeding are statistically associated with the occupation of mothers (P = 0.000), the mode of delivery of mothers (P = 0.000) and their opinions on the benefits of colostrum at the beginning of the evaluation (P = 0.000). Moreover, early breastfeeding of children is also statistically associated with mothers' levels of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum (P = 0.006) and early breastfeeding (P = 0.000), (Table 7 ). Table 7 Factors associated with colostrum consumption and early breastfeeding by mothers after childbirth Factors associated P- value Colostrum donation Practiced early breastfeeding Age of mother 0.313 0.509 Level of education 0.084 0.207 Profession 0.004* 0.000* Number of pregnancy 0.959 0.573 Place of delivery 0.811 0.803 Mode of delivery 0.000* 0.000* Nomber of prenatal consultations 0.407 0.475 Opinion on the effect of colostrum on infant health at initial evaluation 0.000* 0.000* Levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial evaluation 0.124 0.001* Levels of knowledge about the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial evaluation 0.814 0.000* P : significance threshold of the chi square test ; * P < 0.05 All mothers who gave colostrum (98.2%) and breastfeeding in the first hours after delivery (75.5%) gave birth vaginally (Table 8 ). The most represented profession of mothers who gave colostrum and who practiced early breastfeeding was agriculture with the respective proportions of 58.3% and 51.5% (Table 8 ). Regarding opinions on the effect of colostrum on infant health, almost 9 out of 10 mothers had a favorable opinion and would have given colostrum. In addition, 7 out of 10 mothers had a favorable opinion and would have practiced breastfeeding in the first hours after delivery (Table 8 ). Furthermore, at the initial assessment, mothers with an insufficient level of knowledge on the advantages of colostrum (27%) and breastfeeding (29.4%) would have more practiced early breastfeeding. They are followed by mothers with an average level of knowledge on the advantages of colostrum (23.3%) and a good level of knowledge on the advantages of early breastfeeding (19%), respectively (Table 8 ). Table 8 Distribution of mothers who gave colostrum and praticed early breastfeeding according to significantly associated factors Factors associated Colostrum donation Time of first breastfeeding after delivery Modalities Not praticed n (%) Pratical n (%) Between 1–24 hours n (%) Less than 1 heure n (%) Don’t Know n (%) More than 24 hours n (%) Profession of mothers Farmer 1 (0.6) 95 (58.3) 10 (6.1) 84 (51.5) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) Housewife 1 (0.6) 36 (22.1) 14 (8.6) 17 (10.4) 6 (3.7) 0 (0) Artisane 0 (0.0) 6 (3.7) 1 (0.6) 5 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0) Commercial / Artisan 0 (0.0) 14 (8.6) 5 (3.1) 8 (4.9) 1(0.6) 0 (0.0) Breeder 0 (0.0) 4 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 4 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Student / Pupil 0 (0.0) 3 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 3 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Public/private employee 1 (0.6) 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) Mode of delivery Cesarean 1 (0.6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (0.6) Vaginal delivery 2 (1.2) 160 (98.2) 30 (18.4) 123 (75.5) 8 (4.9) 1 (0.6) Opinion on the effect of colostrum on infant health Bad for health 2 (1.2) 7 (4.3) 6 (3.7) 3 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Good for health 1 (0.6) 145 (89.0) 22 (13.5) 115 (70.6) 8 (4.9) 1 (0.6) Don’t know 0 (0.0) 8 (4.9) 2 (1.2) 5 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) Levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial evaluation Bad 0 (0.0) 17 (10.4) 12 (7.4) 20 (12.3) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) Insuffisant 0 (0) 66 (40.6) 15 (9.2) 44 (27.0) 7 (4.3) 0 (0.0) Medium 0 (0) 39 (23.9) 1 (0.6) 38 (23.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Good 1 (0.6) 23 (14.1) 2 (1.2) 21 (12.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) Levels of knowledge about the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial evaluation Bad 1 (0.6) 36 (22.1) 13 (8.0) 17 (10.4) 6 (3.7) 1 (0.6) Insuffisant 1 (0.6) 62 (38.0) 13 (8.0) 48 (29.4) 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) Medium 0 (0) 29 (17.8) 2 (1.2) 27 (16.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Good 1 (0.6) 33 (20.3) 2 (1.2) 31 (19.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) n : number ; % : proportion Discussion Nutrition education represents a key component of improving the health of the population and an essential support in a global strategy aimed at preventing malnutrition [ 23 ]. Thus, the role of qualified and experienced professionals such as health workers is fundamental in improving knowledge and changing the attitudes and feeding practices of mothers attending health centers. At enrolment, the average age of mothers was 27.2 years. This average age of mothers is lower than those observed by [ 24 ] and [ 25 ] who found average ages of 29.2 years and 28.4 years in the peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso and in the bourg of Lomé, respectively. This indicates that the age of mothers differs depending on the zones. These differences could be explained by several socio-economic and cultural factors [ 26 ]. A study in Ethiopia reported that the high average age of mothers may be due to their level of education [ 27 ]. The schooling rate of 30.7% observed among mothers is close to that reported by [ 28 ] in the health district of Ouargaye. In addition, it is higher than that observed in rural women in Burkina Faso [ 29 ]. This low rate of schooling could be due to the economic situation of parents and would result in the high proportion of women farmers and housewives (81.6%) observed among mothers. It should be noted that the location of the mothers' residence could be related to their schooling and their profession. Moreover, the presence and distance of educational infrastructure could influence the school enrolment rate of mothers. All mothers performed the prenatal consultation and almost all gave birth in a maternity hospital. The proportion of primigest mothers is highest in the study; this observation was reported by other authors in Burkina Faso, Togo and India with rates of 21.3%, 36.4% and 60.2%, respectively [ 28 , 25 , 30 ]. These results could be firstly the result of the promotion of optimal use of prenatal consultation and assisted delivery services provided by health workers and support partners (NGOs and associations) of the Health District of Léo. On the other hand, they could show the importance that the particularly primigravida mothers surveyed attach to health centers. Colostrum is the first very dense, yellowish milk produced by the mammary gland of the mother [ 31 ] WHO recommends colostrum as the first perfect food for newborns which should be started immediately in the first hour after birth. It is rich in macro- and micro-nutrient and antibodies which protect the newborn from diseases. It is a laxative that cleanses the stomach of newborn [ 32 ]. The proportions of mothers at the beginning (89.6%) and at the end (99.4%) of the evaluations who affirmed that colostrum has a beneficial effect on the infant's health are higher than those found by [ 28 ] in Burkina Faso and [ 33 ] in Egypt with respectively proportions of 82.8% and 87.6%. The proportions of good levels of knowledge at the beginning (14.7%) and end (37.4%) of mothers' assessment of the benefits of colostrum are higher than the proportion of 14.7% reported by [ 34 ]. These observed differences could be linked to mothers' sources of information on colostrum, mothers' opinions on the benefits of colostrum on the health of the newborn and the socio-cultural constraints of each community. Furthermore, the results showed that the sensitizations received by mothers changed their perceptions about colostrum and significantly increased their level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum. This positive impact was more observed among farming mothers. This could be explained by the active listening and the time given to awareness sessions by mothers who are mostly farmers and housewives. However, awareness and motivations techniques or approaches need to be reviewed by health workers so that ultimately all mothers have a good or medium level of knowledge about colostrum. The proportion of mothers (98.2%) who reported to have given colostrum is slightly higher than those found in the national nutritional survey of 2019 (94.3%) and 2020 (95.9%) in the West Central region of Burkina Faso [ 10 , 11 ]. Similarly, this proportion is higher than those found by [ 28 ] in the health district of Ouargaye at 73.2%, by [ 35 ] in the province of Gnagna at 77%, and by [ 24 ] in the peri-urban area of Bobo Dioulasso at 91.2%. However, this proportion is close to 97.3% of that observed by [ 36 ] in Togo. It should be noted that the donation of colostrum by mothers is statistically linked to mothers' opinions on colostrum and profession. It is from this perspective that several studies have highlighted the need for mothers to be educated about the importance of human milk, in particular the benefits of colostrum [ 37 ]. According to WHO recommendations, the first breastfeeding after birth must be done within the first hour [ 38 ]. When done in a timely manner, it facilitates the expulsion of the placenta, stimulates the production of breast milk, reduces the risk of bleeding after delivery, protects the newborn and reduces the risk of mortality [ 39 , 40 ]. The proportions of 77.9% and 89.6% of mothers knowing the appropriate time for early breastfeeding found at the initial and final assessments respectively are higher than the proportion of 54% found by [ 28 ].in Burkina Faso and the proportion of 10% reported by [ 41 ] in Nepal. However, the proportion observed at the start of the evaluation is close to that observed in Egypt by [ 33 ] or 79.8%. These differences could be explained by the impact of sensitization of health workers when consulting mothers at health facilities. The results revealed that awareness raising on the benefits of early breastfeeding followed by mothers significantly increased their level of knowledge on this subject. This positive impact was most noted among farming mothers. This could show that farming mothers are diligent and give more time and importance to the advice of health providers. Mothers who breastfed their children within the first hour after delivery (75.5%) are higher than those observed in the Central-West region of Burkina Faso in 2019 (54.7%) and in 2020 (70.8%), [ 10 , 11 ]. Likewise, this percentage is higher than those found in Bobo Dioulasso by [ 24 ] with 67.5% and [ 35 ] in the province of Gnagna with 20%. These differences observed could be explained by the high proportion of farming mothers, to their positive opinion of the benefits of colostrum on the health of the child, to their level of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum and to their level of knowledge on the benefits early breastfeeding. Indeed, these different factors significantly influenced the practice of early breastfeeding among the mothers in the study. However, it is important to note that the implementation of the integrated package of IYCF services makes it systematic to breastfeed the newborn in the first hour after delivery at the health center by health providers. This obligatory practice could justify the high proportions of mothers with an insufficient level of knowledge who practiced early breastfeeding in this study. WHO recommends that children continue to be breastfed until the age of two [ 32 ]. Thus, some authors emphasize that breastfeeding the child until this age is beneficial for the well-being of the child and also protects the mother from certain diseases [ 42 ]. Unfortunately, many mothers are still unaware of this age. Indeed, among the mothers surveyed at the initial evaluation, only 74.8% found this age ablactation of children. This proportion is lower than that of 83.3% reported by [ 30 ] in their study of postnatal mothers in community health centers in India. The results on knowledge of the age of ablation revealed an increase of 14.8% of mothers who knew it at the final evaluation. This increase resulting from the assimilation of the age of ablactation by mothers could signify the positive effect of the awareness-raising followed in healthy infant consultation services. Conclusions The practice of early breastfeeding and donation of colostrum were differently carried out by mothers, in the province of Sissili, in Burkina Faso. These mothers' practices were significantly associated with their profession and their opinion on the effects of colostrum on the child's health. The practice of early breastfeeding is also significantly associated with the level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and the level of knowledge about the benefits of early breastfeeding. The sensitization of mothers significantly increased their knowledge on the nutritional and health benefit and health benefits of colostrum and had a positive impact on their opinions on colostrum. It also improved their knowledge about early breastfeeding and the age of ablactation in their positive impact on children. However, there is still a need of improvement on the part of health workers in their awareness. It is expected that all pregnant and parturient women attending their health facility have at least an average level of knowledge about colostrum and early breastfeeding. On the other hand, they should breastfeed their children in the first hour after delivery to allow new born to benefit from colostrum consumption. Abbreviations CM Medical Center CMA Medical Center with Surgical Antenna CSPS Health and social promotion centers FAO Foods Agriculture Organization IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding MUAC Middle Upper Arm Circumference NGO Non-Governmental Organization OST Worker’s Health Office UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund W/H Weight/Hight WHO World Health Organization PAHO Pan American Health Organization Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The methodology and data collection tools were validated by authorization No. 2021-01-028 of the ethics committee for health research (CERS) in Burkina Faso. Before data collection, a reference survey authorization N o .2021/00042/MS/RCO/DRS-CO was issued by the authorities of the Regional Health Directorate (DRS) of the Center-West and the Health District from Léo in Burkina Faso. Furthermore, for compliance with ethics, personal consent and the favorable opinion of the study subjects were mandatory. Competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests M. H. D. contributed to the conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, validation, writing and review of the manuscript. Funding Not applicable Author Contribution KAWA. contributed to the conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing and review of the manuscript;WREC contributed to the conceptualization, writing and review of the manuscript;ST contributed to the writing and review of the manuscript;OO contributed to the conceptualization, formal analysis and review of the manuscript;AO contributed to the supervision, validation, writing and review of the manuscript;MB contributed to the methodology, writing and review of the manuscript;VP contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, writing and review of the manuscript;LTO/S contributed to the conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, validation, writing and review of the manuscript;MHD contributed to the conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, validation, writing and review of the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the authorities of the Central West Regional Health Directorate and the health district Léo. For granting them authorization to access health and social promotion centers in order to carry out the study. The authors also thank the participants who contributed to this study Availability of data and materials All relevant data and information based on which conclusions are made can be found in this write up. The data is available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author References UNICEF/OMS, (2018). Saisir le moment - la mise au sein précoce: le meilleur point de départ pour chaque nouveau-né. New York, UNICEF, 2018, p44. Martorell R, Khan LK, Schroeder DG. Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994;48:45–57. Sokol E, Aguayo VM, et Clark D. Protéger l’allaitement maternel en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. 25 années d’application du code international sur la commercialisation des substituts du lait maternel. Genève: UNICEF. 2007, p.40. Brahm P, Valdés. V. The benefits of breastfeeding and associated risks of replacement with baby formulas. Revista Chil de pediatria. 2017;88(1):7–14. Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks A, Abrams SA, Fuchs GJ, Kim JH, Williams PV. The effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, hydrolyzed formulas, and timing of introduction of allergenic complementary foods. Pediatrics . 2019, 143 (4), p.11. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0281 . PAHO/WHO. Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child. 2003,p. 40. http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/a85622/en/index.html . (accessed 10 November 2021). Morse JM, Jehle C, Gambie D. Initiating breastfeeding: a world survey of the timing of post-partum breastfeeding. Int J Nurs Stud. 1990;27:303–13. Semega-Janneh IJ, Bôhler E, Holm H, Matheson l, Holmboe-Ottesen G. Promoting breastfeeding in rural Gambia: combining traditional and modern knowledge. Health Policy Plann. 2001;16:199–205. de Ministère. Santé. Enquête nutritionnelle nationale 2018. Burkina Faso. 2018, p. 91. de Ministère. Santé. Enquête nutritionnelle nationale 2019. Burkina Faso. 2019, p 86. de Ministère. Santé. Enquête nutritionnelle nationale 2020. Burkina Faso. 2020, p. 101. OMS/UNICEF. Le rôle spécial des services liés à la maternité. Protection, encouragement et soutien de l’allaitement maternel. Déclaration conjointe de l’OMS et de l’UNICEF. OMS, Genève, 1989, p 36. Desclaux A et, Taverne B. Allaitement et VIH en Afrique de l’Ouest: De l’anthropologie à la santé publique. Collection Médecines du monde , Paris, ed Karthala, 2000, p. 556. Chalmers B, Levitt C, Heaman M, O’Brien B, Suave R, Kaczorowski J, For the Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Surveillance System. Breastfeeding rates and hospital breastfeeding practices in Canada: A national survey of women Birth. 2009, 36 (2), 122–132. Masilela LN, Modjadji P. Child Nutrition Outcomes and Maternal Nutrition-Related Knowledge in Rural Localities of Mbombela, South Africa. Children. 2023, 10 (8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10081294 . Institut Géographique du Burkina Faso (IGB). Direction Générale des Edtudes et des Statistiques Sectorielles (DGESS) de la Santé. La base nationale de données topographiques (BNDT). 2012. Schwartz D. Méthodes statistiques à l’usage des médecins et biologistes. Flammarion Médicine-Sciences. Paris. Chap I, II, III, IV. 1969, p. 318. Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso. Guide du formateur des prestataires de santé sur le paquet intégré des services d’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. 2013, p.120. de Ministère. la Santé du Burkina Faso. Manuel des prestataires de santé sur le paquet intégré des services d’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. 2015, p.140. FAO. Guide pour évaluer les connaissance, attitude et pratique liées à la nutrition. FAO, Rome, 2016, p.188. Essi MJ, Njoya O. L’enquête CAP (Connaissances, Attitudes, Pratiques) en recherche médicale. Health Sci Dis. 2013;14(2):1–3. OMS/UNICEF/IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). Indicateurs pour évaluer les pratiques d’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant: partie 2 calculs (Conclusions d’une réunion de consensus du 6 au 8 novembre 2007, à Washington, D.C., États-Unis d’Amérique). 2011, p.96. FAO. Le cours ENAF, l’éducation nutritionnelle en action. FAO, Rome, 2018, p. 1706 vailable at: http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education -nutritionnelle/professional trainning/enaf/fr . (accessed 15 November 2021). Hien A, Some JW, Traore IT, Meda C, Traore B, Savadogo I. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers and caregivers on infant and young child feeding in peri-urban zones of bobo-dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev . 2020, 20(6): 16703–16716. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.94.19820 . Compaoré WRE, Agbokou KAW, Ouédraogo O, Souho T, Bouraima M, Pietra V, Kiemdé WME, Zagré MN, Amouzou SKE, Meda N, Dicko HM. Knowledge and Attitudes regarding exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of 0–23 months children in public healthcare centre in Togo. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2020;6(2):66–72. 10.11648/j.cajph.20200602.13 . (Print); ISSN. Ekoriano M, Muthmainnah M, Titisari A, Devi YP, Widodo T, Purwoko E. The average age of first marriage for Indonesian women in their reproductive period who give birth to an average of two children: National survey (2017–2019). F1000Research . 2023, 12: 35. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126816.1 . Cherie N, Getacher L, Belay A, Gultie T, Mekuria A, Sileshi S, Degu G. Modeling on number of children ever born and its determinants among married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A Poisson regression analysis. Heliyon , 2023, 9 (3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023 . e13948. Siri BAA, Bengaly M, Garanet F, Kouanda Z, Coulibaly S, Catraye DJ, Sorgho E, Knowledge. Opinions and attitudes of mothers about breastfeeding and child feeding in rural areas of Burkina Faso: A Study in Ouargaye’s District Health Facilities. J family Med health care. 2018;4(3):13–9. 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20180403.11 . Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie (INSD). Cinquième Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitation du Burkina Faso. 2019, p. 136. Bashir A, Mansoor S, Naikoo MY. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of postnatal mothers regarding breastfeeding: A cross-sectional study. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2018;7(9):725–31. Mishra A. Healthy Baby Food: An Infant Nutrition Review in India. in S. Shahir; Shashi Gour, editor Research Trends in Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition and Food Science . India: Bright Sky Publications. 2022, p.157. https://doi.org/10.22271/bs.book.27 . OMS/UNICEF. Stratégie mondiale pour l’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; 2003. p. 12. Mohammed ES, Ghazawy ER, Hassan EE. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of breastfeeding and weaning among mothers of children up to 2 years old in a rural area in El-Minia governorate, Egypt. J family Med Prim care. 2014;3(2):136. Afrose L, Banu B, Ahmed KR, Khanom K. Factors associated with knowledge about breastfeeding among female garment workers in Dhaka city. WHO South-East Asia. J Public Health. 2012;1(3):249. Sawadogo SP, Martin-Prével Y, Savy M, Kameli Y, et Traoré AS. Pratiques d’alimentation du nourrisson en zone rurale au Burkina Faso (Province de la Gnagna) description et conséquences nutritionnelles. Promoting the consumption of adequate diets. 2003, 317–328. Djadou KE, Agbeko F, Guédéhoussou T, Dizewé K, Azoumah KD et, Agbèrè. A.D. Evaluation de l’allaitement maternel exclusif chez les enfants de 0 à six mois dans le district de Tchaoudjo (Togo). Journal Africain de Pediatrie et de Génétique Médicale . 2018, 4, 30–36. Parker MG, Stellwagen LM, Noble L, Kim JH, Poindexter BB, Puopolo KM. Promoting human milk and breastfeeding for the very low birth weight infant. Pediatrics. 2021, 148(5). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-054272 . World Health Organization (WHO). Report of the expert consultation on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Genève. 2001, p.6. World Health Organization (WHO). Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. Collaborative Study Team on the role of breastfeeding on the prevention of infant mortality. The lancet. 2000. 2000, 355 (9202), 451– 455. WHO/UNICEF. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. 2015, p.6. Chaudhary RN, Shah T, Raja S. Knowledge and practice of mothers regarding breastfeeding: a hospital based study. Health Renaissance. 2011;9(3):194–200. Mantzorou M, Papandreou D, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Antasouras G, Psara E, Giaginis C. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least four months is associated with a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in mothers and their children after 2–5 years from delivery. Nutrients . 2022, 14 (17), 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173599 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Nutrition → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 28 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4651146","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":322159817,"identity":"bc8db15c-13e8-4f56-a044-dc8a59835ca9","order_by":0,"name":"Koffi Apéali Wassiou AGBOKOU","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBDirAoiZmRuI1cIMxGdANCMRWhhgWhjbQAwCWgyOH3/84UHFYTl59/MHH1fOq43mbwdq+VGxDbeWMzlmEglnDhsbnklmNjy77XjujMOMDYw9Z27j1GJ2IIeNIbHtcOLGhmQ2ycZtx3IbgFqYGdvwaDn//PEHoJb6jf2PgVrmHMudT1DLjQQDCaCWBHkJkC0NNbkbCGmxv/EG5Jd0ww0Sj40NG44dyN0I1HIQn18k+9Mff/xRYS0v35/48GFDTV3uvPOHDz74UYFbCxwYHABTh8HkAcLqgUC+AUzVEaV4FIyCUTAKRhYAALz8YOeZYNLUAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, UFR-SVT, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Koffi","middleName":"Apéali Wassiou","lastName":"AGBOKOU","suffix":""},{"id":322159818,"identity":"583a8a7d-f0eb-4ca0-9cfe-8de166529d7a","order_by":1,"name":"Wendinpuikondo Raketa Ella Compaoré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, UFR-SVT, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wendinpuikondo","middleName":"Raketa Ella","lastName":"Compaoré","suffix":""},{"id":322159819,"identity":"9a0faacc-9223-450c-97c0-2dc30b742328","order_by":2,"name":"Sakonon Traoré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, UFR-SVT, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sakonon","middleName":"","lastName":"Traoré","suffix":""},{"id":322159820,"identity":"909656e1-4729-4a06-8b97-377a04584478","order_by":3,"name":"Ousmane Ouédraogo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, UFR-SVT, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ousmane","middleName":"","lastName":"Ouédraogo","suffix":""},{"id":322159821,"identity":"074e8eef-ad43-4386-b481-047b145719dc","order_by":4,"name":"Adama Ouattara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"District Sanitaire de Léo, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adama","middleName":"","lastName":"Ouattara","suffix":""},{"id":322159822,"identity":"a88a7008-fcb2-404e-8a2a-d5ce8040db78","order_by":5,"name":"Mouawiyatou Bouraima","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Division de Nutrition, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Lomé","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mouawiyatou","middleName":"","lastName":"Bouraima","suffix":""},{"id":322159824,"identity":"e2c48bc0-8157-4b90-8545-265971bb35b1","order_by":6,"name":"Virginio Pietra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Medicus Mundi Italie, Ouagadougou","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Virginio","middleName":"","lastName":"Pietra","suffix":""},{"id":322159828,"identity":"7622a7dc-53af-420e-b856-6b2612f80695","order_by":7,"name":"Laurencia Toulsoumdé Ouattara/ Songré","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA), Ouagadougou","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Laurencia","middleName":"Toulsoumdé Ouattara/","lastName":"Songré","suffix":""},{"id":322159831,"identity":"e342b38a-24be-4c00-ac7c-60664296e576","order_by":8,"name":"Mamoudou Hama Dicko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, UFR-SVT, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamoudou","middleName":"Hama","lastName":"Dicko","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-27 23:38:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4651146/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4651146/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01162-7","type":"published","date":"2025-10-01T15:57:26+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60850496,"identity":"97e44810-9249-4109-8031-ee8de514cd4d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-22 20:53:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":58532,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMap of the Léo health district showing the selected CSPS and CM of village « To »\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c/strong\u003e: [16]\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4651146/v1/8bcbad36a9002f6a9209230e.jpg"},{"id":60850493,"identity":"a099a430-0f51-4a1f-8b67-e94749b43c77","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-22 20:53:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":135306,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial and final evaluation (P = 0.000)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4651146/v1/ab4e19983c34fe79b7927958.jpg"},{"id":60851394,"identity":"2486e5bc-cae6-4cb3-8b0e-32ce11c0dd04","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-22 21:01:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":128394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to levels of knowledge on the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial and final assessments (P = 0.000)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4651146/v1/cdb1362cdeddbe977f343ba4.jpg"},{"id":60851393,"identity":"958bf94c-45cb-4c2f-afce-99aa57f390b3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-22 21:01:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":41870,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to children’s colostrum donation\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4651146/v1/da8e9a9e5b3d56c8bbc67385.jpg"},{"id":60851395,"identity":"042a1978-1b90-497f-aff1-f5deb085970c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-22 21:01:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":72968,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers by time of first breastfeeding after birth\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4651146/v1/248a62666514125f854e39f6.jpg"},{"id":92883755,"identity":"74046f5c-f917-4aa8-a9b9-03665969270f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 16:08:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2141597,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4651146/v1/0512948b-8f23-4898-acc4-b5fd4bf8c548.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on breastfeeding in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Intoduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHuman milk is first food for the newborn, which uniquely responds to nutrient and immune system protection needs for survival, health and development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Several data have shown that breast milk is rich in nutrients and defense molecules to ensure the growth, harmonious development and strengthening of the infant\u0026rsquo;s immune system [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, it also promotes the reduction of the prevalence of health problems such as malnutrition, obesity or atopy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, breastfeeding is the optimal feeding mode for infants [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. That is why both WHO and UNICEF recommend that children start breastfeeding within one hour of delivery to benefit from colostrum [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, after 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, children should begin to consume safe and adequate complementary foods, while continuing to be breastfed until at least 2 years of age [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite the undeniable benefits of breastfeeding for both the child and his mother, its optimal practice remains insufficient. Early initiation of breastfeeding at birth is uncommon in West Africa because colostrum is not traditionally given to newborns [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. In Burkina Faso, in recent years, data from national nutrition surveys using the SMART methodology have revealed that fewer than 6 in 10 mothers breastfed in the first hour after childbirth. Not all children consumed colostrum at birth and were not continuously breastfed until two years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Among the many social, economic or cultural reasons put forward to explain these situations, the place and role of health services may be predominant [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. It is well-known that the education and knowledge of mothers about child nutrition is necessary [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. It could be interesting to have micro-data in Burkina Faso which can serve as evidence on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children from 6 to 12 months on neonatal consumption of colostrum, early breastfeeding and age of ablactation in public health facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Study design, location and population\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study was carried out in 16 health and social promotion centers (CSPS) and the medical center (CM) of the village of \u0026laquo; To \u0026raquo; (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). All these health facilities have been selected in the 7 bourgs of the province of Sissili in the west-central region of Burkina Faso (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Selection criteria of CSPS were the attendance rate of children aged 0\u0026ndash;11 months in 2018, the presence of at least three health workers at the CSPS, the weekly frequency of healthy infant consultations and the accessibility of the CSPS during the study period.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt was a cross-sectional descriptive study from a longitudinal follow-up study of a cohort of mother-children couples from 6 to 12 months. It focused on mothers participating in at least 5 infants consultation sessions coupled with culinary demonstrations. It took place in two phases: an initial evaluation carried out from February to July 2021 and a final evaluation carried out from July 2021 to March 2022. The choice of mothers\u0026apos; participation in a minimum of 5 healthy infant consultation sessions coupled with the culinary demonstration is justified by the observation that during 5 sessions, most of the information on infant and young child feeding covered.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Inclusion criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMothers meeting the following criteria were included at the start of the study:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- to be a mother who has come to the healthy infant consultation with her healthy and breastfed child of 6\u0026ndash;12 months;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- to be selected to follow the CSPS culinary demonstrations;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- to reside in the CSPS health area;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- to give free consent to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.3. Exclusion criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWere excluded from the study:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- mothers of severe acute malnourished children (W/H\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3 z-scores or MUAC\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;115 mm and/or presence of bilateral edema) and moderate acute malnourished children 115 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;MUAC\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;125 mm or -3 z-scores\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;W/H\u0026lt; -2 z-scores);\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- mothers of children with severe physical or mental disabilities;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e- mothers belonging to a family on temporary visit or traveling in the health area of the CSPS of enrollment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.4. Sample size\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe minimum sample size (N) of mothers of children 6 to 12 months before enrollment was d\u0026eacute;termined using the classic Schwartz formula of [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Equa\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equa\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e$$\\text{N}=\\frac{{Z}^{2}\\text{x} \\text{P} \\text{x} (1-\\text{P})}{{C}^{2}}$$\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhere, Z: value corresponds to a given confidence level (1.96 for a 95% confidence level), C: standard error (5%), P: prevalence of the minimum acceptable diet of the province of Sissili (15.7%), [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith a retained cluster effect equal to 1.0, the minimum sample size was 203 mothers. To compensate in advance for non-responses and drop-outs and to ensure that the total number of mothers actually participating in the study will reach at least the minimum of 203, the sample was increased by 10%, id est, a total of 20 mothers. Thus, at the start of the study, the final sample size was rounded to 230 mothers. However, the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, practices on neonatal consumption of colostrum, early breastfeeding and the age of ablactation was carried out on 163 mothers who participated in at least 5 healthy infant consultation coupled with culinary demonstrations and had answered to the initial and final questionnaires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.5. Methods and tools of data collection\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe face-to-face mode was used during data collection from mothers by investigators and supervisors. The questionnaires were digitized on the Kobotoolbox facility (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.kobotoolbox.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) and were administered at the beginning and from the fifth follow-up sessions of the healthy infant consultation. They were developed using WHO standard questionnaires used to determine indicators for evaluating infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The questionnaires were formulated using the health provider trainer\u0026rsquo;s guide and the health provider\u0026rsquo;s handbook on the integrated package of infant and young child feeding services (PISA) in Burkina Faso and the guide to assessing FAO\u0026rsquo;s nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.6. Study variables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esociodemographic characteristics of mothers: age of mothers, education levels and profession ;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eobstetric history of mothers: the number of pregnancies, the place and the mode of delivery of the child and the number of prenatal consultations carried out ;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eknowledge and attitudes of mothers on colostrum, early breastfeeding and the age of ablactation : opinions on the effect of colostrum on the health of the infant, reasons for the negative opinion on colostrum, advantages of colostrum, time of early breastfeeding, benefits of early breastfeeding and age of ablactation ;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elevel of knowledge of mothers about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding: levels of knowledge of the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding were determined by the method of Essi and Njoya [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] ;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emother\u0026rsquo;s breastfeeding practices: indicators recommended by the WHO such as first breastfeeding after childbirth, colostrum consumption and associated factors were determined to assess breastfeeding practices by mothers [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.7. Determination of level of knowledge of mothers about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe assessment of the level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding consisted of first allocating one point (+\u0026thinsp;1) to each correct answer and no points (0) to each inappropriate answer. Then, the knowledge level score is determined by operating the ratio of the sum of points allocated to each answer to the total sum of possible points allocated to the correct answers. Finally, the qualifiers \u0026ldquo;bad\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;insufficient\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;average\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;good\u0026rdquo; are attributed to the level of knowledge when the score was less than 25%, less than 50%, less than 70% and more than 70% respectively [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.8. Statistical analyses\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eData were extracted from Kobotoolbox inputs and analyzed with Microsoft Excel LTSC 2021 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. The qualitative variables were described in terms of number and proportion. The quantitative variables were described in terms of number, mean and standard deviation depending on the distribution of the variables. The Wilcoxon rank test with paired samples was used to analyze the difference between the mothers\u0026apos; levels of knowledge at the initial and final assessments. Associations between variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. Difference was considered significant at P\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe average age of the mothers was 27.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.7 years with a minimum and maximum age of 17 and 41 years. The proportion of mothers aged 20 to 24 was the highest, at 30.7% (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). In terms of educational attainment, 30.67% of mothers were in schooled, of which 14.7% had a secondary school level or higher. Agriculture is the main activity which occupies 58.9% of mothers (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic characteristics of mothers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModalities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffective\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge in year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u0026ndash;19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnschooled\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlphabetised\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary / Higher\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreeder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCommercial / Artisan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublic/private employee\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudent / Pupil\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Maternal obstetric history\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe mothers had an average of three pregnancies. The proportion of primigravida mothers (20.2%) is the highest (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Eight out of ten mothers have completed at least four prenatal consultations. Almost all mothers gave birth in a health center and by vaginal delivery (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to their obstetric and neonatal history\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModalities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffectif\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePregnancy rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1st pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2nd pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3rd pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4th pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5th pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6th to 9th pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of prenatal consultations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlace of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaternity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDomicile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMode of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCesarean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evaginal delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3. Knowledge and attitude of mothers about colostrum\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe majority of mothers at the initial (89.6%) and final (99.4%) assessments stated that colostrum is good for child health (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Regarding the benefits of colostrum, most mothers claimed that colostrum protects the infant from diseases at the initial (69.3%) and final (88.9%) assessment. Furthermore, at the beginning 9 out of 163 mothers perceived colostrum as unfit milk for consumption and unhealthy for the child. But after sensitization and brain stormings, only 1 out of 163 mothers were reluctant for colostrum consumption (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to their opinion and knowledge about colostrum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModalities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFinal evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpinion on the effect of colostrum on infant health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood for infant health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146 (89.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162 (99.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad for infant health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t Know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenefits of Colostrum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t Know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (21.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProtects from diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113 (69.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRich in nutrients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (31.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116 (71.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaxative cleanses the infant\u0026rsquo;s stomach\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (31.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (39.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReasons for the negative opinion on colostrum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMilk unfit for consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGives diarrhea to the infant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGives diseases to the infant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003en : number ; % : proportion\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.4. Knowledge of mothers about early breastfeeding and age of ablactation of children\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe proportion of mothers who were confident that a child should be breastfed in the first hours after birth increased by 11.7% at final assessment (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, the proportion of mothers who reported not knowing the benefits of early breastfeeding decreased by 9.2% at the final evaluation (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Breastfeed up to 24 months recommended by the WHO is known by almost 89.6% at the final evaluation compared 74.8% at the initial evaluation (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to knowledge about early breastfeeding of the child and age of ablactation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModalities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFinal evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEarly breastfeeding time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo not know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the first hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127 (77.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146 (89.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween 1\u0026ndash;24 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenefits of early breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo not know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (22.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFacilitates the expulsion of the placenta\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (14.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (31.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStimulates breast milk production\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86 (52.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109 (66.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReduces the risk of bleeding after childbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (22.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76 (46.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProtects the newborn and reduces the risk of mortality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92 (56.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 (67.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAblactation age of children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than 24 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122 (74.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146 (89.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMore than 24 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003en : number ; % : proportion\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.5. Levels of knowledge about colostrum, early breastfeeding and associated factors\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe initial and final evaluation on the benefits of colostrum revealed a significant reduction in the proportions of mothers with poor and insufficient knowledge levels of 17.2% and 9.8% at the final evaluation, respectively. On the other hand, the proportion of mothers with means and good knowledge levels increased respectively by 4.3% and 22.2% at the final evaluation, respectively (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Regarding the advantages of early breastfeeding, the proportions of mothers with poor, insufficient and medium knowledge levels decreased by 9.2%, 12.8% and 3.1%, respectively at the final evaluation while those with good knowledge levels increased by 25.1% (Fig.\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers according to levels of knowledge on the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial and final assessments to levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial and final evaluation (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong the associated studied factors (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e), the profession is linked with the level of knowledge on the advantages of early breastfeeding at the initial and final evaluation (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000). While the significant link between the level of education and the level of knowledge of mothers on the advantages of early breastfeeding (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.042) initially observed was canceled at the final evaluation. The profession is also significantly associated with mothers\u0026apos; level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at the final evaluation (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors associated with mothers\u0026apos; levels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAssociated factors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP - value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of the benefits of colostrum at initial assessment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of the benefits of colostrum at the final assessment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial assessment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at final assessment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.042*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlace of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.680\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.715\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMode of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.645\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.282\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of Prenatal Consultations followed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.435\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.451\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.630\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eP : significance threshold of the chi square test ; * P\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe result of Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e on the distribution of mothers according to the factors associated with mothers\u0026apos; levels of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding revealed that at the initial assessment, the highest proportions of mothers of poor and insufficient level of knowledge on early breastfeeding were the farmers (31.3%) and those not in school (45.4%). At the final assessment, farming mothers with an average and good level of knowledge on the advantages of early breastfeeding (38.6%) and the advantages of colostrum (33.6%) were the most numerous (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers\u0026apos; levels of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum and early breastfeeding according to factors significantly associated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors associated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModalities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCommercial / Artisan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreeder n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudent / Pupil\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublic/private employee\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnschooled n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiterate n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary / Higher n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of colostrum benefits at final evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsufficient\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (14.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (24.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (21.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (19.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (22.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (22.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at the initial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (18.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsufficient\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (20.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (27.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (9.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of knowledge of the benefits of early breastfeeding at final evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsufficient\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (17.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (19.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (28.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (28.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003en : number ; % : proportion\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.6. Breastfeeding practices of mothers\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the mothers\u0026apos; responses showed that almost all (98.2%) of the children would have consumed colostrum and 3 out of 4 children would have been put to the breast in the first hour following delivery (Figs. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e and 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.7. Factors associated with maternal breastfeeding practice\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColostrum donation and early breastfeeding are statistically associated with the occupation of mothers (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), the mode of delivery of mothers (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000) and their opinions on the benefits of colostrum at the beginning of the evaluation (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000). Moreover, early breastfeeding of children is also statistically associated with mothers\u0026apos; levels of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006) and early breastfeeding (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors associated with colostrum consumption and early breastfeeding by mothers after childbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors associated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP- value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColostrum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edonation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePracticed early breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge of mother\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel of education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.959\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.573\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlace of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMode of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNomber of prenatal consultations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpinion on the effect of colostrum on infant health at initial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevels of knowledge about the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.814\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eP : significance threshold of the chi square test ; * P\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll mothers who gave colostrum (98.2%) and breastfeeding in the first hours after delivery (75.5%) gave birth vaginally (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). The most represented profession of mothers who gave colostrum and who practiced early breastfeeding was agriculture with the respective proportions of 58.3% and 51.5% (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Regarding opinions on the effect of colostrum on infant health, almost 9 out of 10 mothers had a favorable opinion and would have given colostrum. In addition, 7 out of 10 mothers had a favorable opinion and would have practiced breastfeeding in the first hours after delivery (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, at the initial assessment, mothers with an insufficient level of knowledge on the advantages of colostrum (27%) and breastfeeding (29.4%) would have more practiced early breastfeeding. They are followed by mothers with an average level of knowledge on the advantages of colostrum (23.3%) and a good level of knowledge on the advantages of early breastfeeding (19%), respectively (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of mothers who gave colostrum and praticed early breastfeeding according to significantly associated factors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors associated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColostrum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edonation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime of first breastfeeding after delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModalities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot praticed n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePratical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than 1 heure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t Know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMore than 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfession of mothers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95 (58.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (6.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84 (51.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (22.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArtisane\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCommercial / Artisan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreeder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudent / Pupil\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublic/private employee\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMode of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCesarean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVaginal delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160 (98.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (18.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123 (75.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpinion on the effect of colostrum on infant health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad for health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood for health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145 (89.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115 (70.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevels of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum at initial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsuffisant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66 (40.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (27.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (23.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevels of knowledge about the benefits of early breastfeeding at initial evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (22.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (8.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsuffisant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 (38.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (8.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48 (29.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (17.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (16.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (20.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (19.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003en : number ; % : proportion\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eNutrition education represents a key component of improving the health of the population and an essential support in a global strategy aimed at preventing malnutrition [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, the role of qualified and experienced professionals such as health workers is fundamental in improving knowledge and changing the attitudes and feeding practices of mothers attending health centers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt enrolment, the average age of mothers was 27.2 years. This average age of mothers is lower than those observed by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] and [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] who found average ages of 29.2 years and 28.4 years in the peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso and in the bourg of Lom\u0026eacute;, respectively. This indicates that the age of mothers differs depending on the zones. These differences could be explained by several socio-economic and cultural factors [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. A study in Ethiopia reported that the high average age of mothers may be due to their level of education [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. The schooling rate of 30.7% observed among mothers is close to that reported by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] in the health district of Ouargaye. In addition, it is higher than that observed in rural women in Burkina Faso [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. This low rate of schooling could be due to the economic situation of parents and would result in the high proportion of women farmers and housewives (81.6%) observed among mothers. It should be noted that the location of the mothers\u0026apos; residence could be related to their schooling and their profession. Moreover, the presence and distance of educational infrastructure could influence the school enrolment rate of mothers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll mothers performed the prenatal consultation and almost all gave birth in a maternity hospital. The proportion of primigest mothers is highest in the study; this observation was reported by other authors in Burkina Faso, Togo and India with rates of 21.3%, 36.4% and 60.2%, respectively [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. These results could be firstly the result of the promotion of optimal use of prenatal consultation and assisted delivery services provided by health workers and support partners (NGOs and associations) of the Health District of L\u0026eacute;o. On the other hand, they could show the importance that the particularly primigravida mothers surveyed attach to health centers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColostrum is the first very dense, yellowish milk produced by the mammary gland of the mother [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] WHO recommends colostrum as the first perfect food for newborns which should be started immediately in the first hour after birth. It is rich in macro- and micro-nutrient and antibodies which protect the newborn from diseases. It is a laxative that cleanses the stomach of newborn [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. The proportions of mothers at the beginning (89.6%) and at the end (99.4%) of the evaluations who affirmed that colostrum has a beneficial effect on the infant\u0026apos;s health are higher than those found by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] in Burkina Faso and [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e] in Egypt with respectively proportions of 82.8% and 87.6%. The proportions of good levels of knowledge at the beginning (14.7%) and end (37.4%) of mothers\u0026apos; assessment of the benefits of colostrum are higher than the proportion of 14.7% reported by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. These observed differences could be linked to mothers\u0026apos; sources of information on colostrum, mothers\u0026apos; opinions on the benefits of colostrum on the health of the newborn and the socio-cultural constraints of each community. Furthermore, the results showed that the sensitizations received by mothers changed their perceptions about colostrum and significantly increased their level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum. This positive impact was more observed among farming mothers. This could be explained by the active listening and the time given to awareness sessions by mothers who are mostly farmers and housewives. However, awareness and motivations techniques or approaches need to be reviewed by health workers so that ultimately all mothers have a good or medium level of knowledge about colostrum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe proportion of mothers (98.2%) who reported to have given colostrum is slightly higher than those found in the national nutritional survey of 2019 (94.3%) and 2020 (95.9%) in the West Central region of Burkina Faso [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, this proportion is higher than those found by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] in the health district of Ouargaye at 73.2%, by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] in the province of Gnagna at 77%, and by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] in the peri-urban area of Bobo Dioulasso at 91.2%. However, this proportion is close to 97.3% of that observed by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e] in Togo. It should be noted that the donation of colostrum by mothers is statistically linked to mothers\u0026apos; opinions on colostrum and profession. It is from this perspective that several studies have highlighted the need for mothers to be educated about the importance of human milk, in particular the benefits of colostrum [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to WHO recommendations, the first breastfeeding after birth must be done within the first hour [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. When done in a timely manner, it facilitates the expulsion of the placenta, stimulates the production of breast milk, reduces the risk of bleeding after delivery, protects the newborn and reduces the risk of mortality [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. The proportions of 77.9% and 89.6% of mothers knowing the appropriate time for early breastfeeding found at the initial and final assessments respectively are higher than the proportion of 54% found by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e].in Burkina Faso and the proportion of 10% reported by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e] in Nepal. However, the proportion observed at the start of the evaluation is close to that observed in Egypt by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e] or 79.8%. These differences could be explained by the impact of sensitization of health workers when consulting mothers at health facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results revealed that awareness raising on the benefits of early breastfeeding followed by mothers significantly increased their level of knowledge on this subject. This positive impact was most noted among farming mothers. This could show that farming mothers are diligent and give more time and importance to the advice of health providers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMothers who breastfed their children within the first hour after delivery (75.5%) are higher than those observed in the Central-West region of Burkina Faso in 2019 (54.7%) and in 2020 (70.8%), [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Likewise, this percentage is higher than those found in Bobo Dioulasso by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] with 67.5% and [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] in the province of Gnagna with 20%. These differences observed could be explained by the high proportion of farming mothers, to their positive opinion of the benefits of colostrum on the health of the child, to their level of knowledge on the benefits of colostrum and to their level of knowledge on the benefits early breastfeeding. Indeed, these different factors significantly influenced the practice of early breastfeeding among the mothers in the study. However, it is important to note that the implementation of the integrated package of IYCF services makes it systematic to breastfeed the newborn in the first hour after delivery at the health center by health providers. This obligatory practice could justify the high proportions of mothers with an insufficient level of knowledge who practiced early breastfeeding in this study. WHO recommends that children continue to be breastfed until the age of two [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, some authors emphasize that breastfeeding the child until this age is beneficial for the well-being of the child and also protects the mother from certain diseases [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Unfortunately, many mothers are still unaware of this age. Indeed, among the mothers surveyed at the initial evaluation, only 74.8% found this age ablactation of children. This proportion is lower than that of 83.3% reported by [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] in their study of postnatal mothers in community health centers in India. The results on knowledge of the age of ablation revealed an increase of 14.8% of mothers who knew it at the final evaluation. This increase resulting from the assimilation of the age of ablactation by mothers could signify the positive effect of the awareness-raising followed in healthy infant consultation services.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe practice of early breastfeeding and donation of colostrum were differently carried out by mothers, in the province of Sissili, in Burkina Faso. These mothers' practices were significantly associated with their profession and their opinion on the effects of colostrum on the child's health. The practice of early breastfeeding is also significantly associated with the level of knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and the level of knowledge about the benefits of early breastfeeding. The sensitization of mothers significantly increased their knowledge on the nutritional and health benefit and health benefits of colostrum and had a positive impact on their opinions on colostrum. It also improved their knowledge about early breastfeeding and the age of ablactation in their positive impact on children. However, there is still a need of improvement on the part of health workers in their awareness. It is expected that all pregnant and parturient women attending their health facility have at least an average level of knowledge about colostrum and early breastfeeding. On the other hand, they should breastfeed their children in the first hour after delivery to allow new born to benefit from colostrum consumption.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCM\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCMA\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical Center with Surgical Antenna\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCSPS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth and social promotion centers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eFAO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoods Agriculture Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIFPRI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Food Policy Research Institute\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIYCF\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfant and Young Child Feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eMUAC\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle Upper Arm Circumference\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eNGO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Governmental Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eOST\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorker\u0026rsquo;s Health Office\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eUNICEF\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnited Nations International Children\u0026rsquo;s Emergency Fund\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eW/H\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeight/Hight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWHO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePAHO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePan American Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe methodology and data collection tools were validated by authorization No. 2021-01-028 of the ethics committee for health research (CERS) in Burkina Faso. Before data collection, a reference survey authorization N\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e.2021/00042/MS/RCO/DRS-CO was issued by the authorities of the Regional Health Directorate (DRS) of the Center-West and the Health District from L\u0026eacute;o in Burkina Faso. Furthermore, for compliance with ethics, personal consent and the favorable opinion of the study subjects were mandatory.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eM. H. D.\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e contributed to the conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, validation, writing and review of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAWA. contributed to the conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing and review of the manuscript;WREC contributed to the conceptualization, writing and review of the manuscript;ST contributed to the writing and review of the manuscript;OO contributed to the conceptualization, formal analysis and review of the manuscript;AO contributed to the supervision, validation, writing and review of the manuscript;MB contributed to the methodology, writing and review of the manuscript;VP contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, writing and review of the manuscript;LTO/S contributed to the conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, validation, writing and review of the manuscript;MHD contributed to the conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, the resources, software, validation, writing and review of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e The authors would like to thank the authorities of the Central West Regional Health Directorate and the health district L\u0026eacute;o. For granting them authorization to access health and social promotion centers in order to carry out the study. The authors also thank the participants who contributed to this study\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll relevant data and information based on which conclusions are made can be found in this write up. The data is available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUNICEF/OMS, (2018). Saisir le moment - la mise au sein pr\u0026eacute;coce: le meilleur point de d\u0026eacute;part pour chaque nouveau-n\u0026eacute;. New York, UNICEF, 2018, p44.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMartorell R, Khan LK, Schroeder DG. Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994;48:45\u0026ndash;57.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSokol E, Aguayo VM, et Clark D. Prot\u0026eacute;ger l\u0026rsquo;allaitement maternel en Afrique de l\u0026rsquo;Ouest et du Centre. 25 ann\u0026eacute;es d\u0026rsquo;application du code international sur la commercialisation des substituts du lait maternel. Gen\u0026egrave;ve: UNICEF. 2007, p.40.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrahm P, Vald\u0026eacute;s. V. The benefits of breastfeeding and associated risks of replacement with baby formulas. Revista Chil de pediatria. 2017;88(1):7\u0026ndash;14.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGreer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks A, Abrams SA, Fuchs GJ, Kim JH, Williams PV. The effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, hydrolyzed formulas, and timing of introduction of allergenic complementary foods. \u003cem\u003ePediatrics\u003c/em\u003e. 2019, 143 (4), p.11. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0281\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1542/peds.2019-0281\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePAHO/WHO. Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child. 2003,p. 40. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/a85622/en/index.html\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/a85622/en/index.html\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. (accessed 10 November 2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMorse JM, Jehle C, Gambie D. Initiating breastfeeding: a world survey of the timing of post-partum breastfeeding. Int J Nurs Stud. 1990;27:303\u0026ndash;13.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSemega-Janneh IJ, B\u0026ocirc;hler E, Holm H, Matheson l, Holmboe-Ottesen G. Promoting breastfeeding in rural Gambia: combining traditional and modern knowledge. Health Policy Plann. 2001;16:199\u0026ndash;205.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ede Minist\u0026egrave;re. Sant\u0026eacute;. Enqu\u0026ecirc;te nutritionnelle nationale 2018. Burkina Faso. 2018, p. 91.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ede Minist\u0026egrave;re. Sant\u0026eacute;. Enqu\u0026ecirc;te nutritionnelle nationale 2019. Burkina Faso. 2019, p 86.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ede Minist\u0026egrave;re. Sant\u0026eacute;. Enqu\u0026ecirc;te nutritionnelle nationale 2020. Burkina Faso. 2020, p. 101.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOMS/UNICEF. Le r\u0026ocirc;le sp\u0026eacute;cial des services li\u0026eacute;s \u0026agrave; la maternit\u0026eacute;. Protection, encouragement et soutien de l\u0026rsquo;allaitement maternel. D\u0026eacute;claration conjointe de l\u0026rsquo;OMS et de l\u0026rsquo;UNICEF. OMS, Gen\u0026egrave;ve, 1989, p 36.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesclaux A et, Taverne B. Allaitement et VIH en Afrique de l\u0026rsquo;Ouest: De l\u0026rsquo;anthropologie \u0026agrave; la sant\u0026eacute; publique. \u003cem\u003eCollection M\u0026eacute;decines du monde\u003c/em\u003e, Paris, \u003cem\u003eed\u003c/em\u003e Karthala, 2000, p. 556.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChalmers B, Levitt C, Heaman M, O\u0026rsquo;Brien B, Suave R, Kaczorowski J, For the Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Surveillance System. Breastfeeding rates and hospital breastfeeding practices in Canada: A national survey of women Birth. 2009, 36 (2), 122\u0026ndash;132.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMasilela LN, Modjadji P. Child Nutrition Outcomes and Maternal Nutrition-Related Knowledge in Rural Localities of Mbombela, South Africa. Children. 2023, 10 (8), 1\u0026ndash;17. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/children10081294\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/children10081294\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eInstitut G\u0026eacute;ographique du Burkina Faso (IGB). Direction G\u0026eacute;n\u0026eacute;rale des Edtudes et des Statistiques Sectorielles (DGESS) de la Sant\u0026eacute;. La base nationale de donn\u0026eacute;es topographiques (BNDT). 2012.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSchwartz D. M\u0026eacute;thodes statistiques \u0026agrave; l\u0026rsquo;usage des m\u0026eacute;decins et biologistes. Flammarion M\u0026eacute;dicine-Sciences. Paris. Chap I, II, III, IV. 1969, p. 318.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMinist\u0026egrave;re de la Sant\u0026eacute; du Burkina Faso. Guide du formateur des prestataires de sant\u0026eacute; sur le paquet int\u0026eacute;gr\u0026eacute; des services d\u0026rsquo;alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. 2013, p.120.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ede Minist\u0026egrave;re. la Sant\u0026eacute; du Burkina Faso. Manuel des prestataires de sant\u0026eacute; sur le paquet int\u0026eacute;gr\u0026eacute; des services d\u0026rsquo;alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. 2015, p.140.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFAO. Guide pour \u0026eacute;valuer les connaissance, attitude et pratique li\u0026eacute;es \u0026agrave; la nutrition. FAO, Rome, 2016, p.188.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEssi MJ, Njoya O. L\u0026rsquo;enqu\u0026ecirc;te CAP (Connaissances, Attitudes, Pratiques) en recherche m\u0026eacute;dicale. Health Sci Dis. 2013;14(2):1\u0026ndash;3.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOMS/UNICEF/IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). Indicateurs pour \u0026eacute;valuer les pratiques d\u0026rsquo;alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant: partie 2 calculs (Conclusions d\u0026rsquo;une r\u0026eacute;union de consensus du 6 au 8 novembre 2007, \u0026agrave; Washington, D.C., \u0026Eacute;tats-Unis d\u0026rsquo;Am\u0026eacute;rique). 2011, p.96.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFAO. Le cours ENAF, l\u0026rsquo;\u0026eacute;ducation nutritionnelle en action. FAO, Rome, 2018, p. 1706 vailable at: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.fao.org/nutrition/education -nutritionnelle/professional trainning/enaf/fr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education -nutritionnelle/professional trainning/enaf/fr\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. (accessed 15 November 2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHien A, Some JW, Traore IT, Meda C, Traore B, Savadogo I. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers and caregivers on infant and young child feeding in peri-urban zones of bobo-dioulasso in Burkina Faso. \u003cem\u003eAfr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev\u003c/em\u003e. 2020, 20(6): 16703\u0026ndash;16716. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.94.19820\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.18697/ajfand.94.19820\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCompaor\u0026eacute; WRE, Agbokou KAW, Ou\u0026eacute;draogo O, Souho T, Bouraima M, Pietra V, Kiemd\u0026eacute; WME, Zagr\u0026eacute; MN, Amouzou SKE, Meda N, Dicko HM. Knowledge and Attitudes regarding exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of 0\u0026ndash;23 months children in public healthcare centre in Togo. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2020;6(2):66\u0026ndash;72. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.11648/j.cajph.20200602.13\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.11648/j.cajph.20200602.13\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. (Print); ISSN.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEkoriano M, Muthmainnah M, Titisari A, Devi YP, Widodo T, Purwoko E. The average age of first marriage for Indonesian women in their reproductive period who give birth to an average of two children: National survey (2017\u0026ndash;2019). \u003cem\u003eF1000Research\u003c/em\u003e. 2023, 12: 35. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126816.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.12688/f1000research.126816.1\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCherie N, Getacher L, Belay A, Gultie T, Mekuria A, Sileshi S, Degu G. Modeling on number of children ever born and its determinants among married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A Poisson regression analysis. \u003cem\u003eHeliyon\u003c/em\u003e, 2023, \u003cem\u003e9\u003c/em\u003e(3). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cem\u003ee13948.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSiri BAA, Bengaly M, Garanet F, Kouanda Z, Coulibaly S, Catraye DJ, Sorgho E, Knowledge. Opinions and attitudes of mothers about breastfeeding and child feeding in rural areas of Burkina Faso: A Study in Ouargaye\u0026rsquo;s District Health Facilities. J family Med health care. 2018;4(3):13\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.11648/j.jfmhc.20180403.11\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.11648/j.jfmhc.20180403.11\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eInstitut National de la Statistique et de la D\u0026eacute;mographie (INSD). Cinqui\u0026egrave;me Recensement G\u0026eacute;n\u0026eacute;ral de la Population et de l\u0026rsquo;Habitation du Burkina Faso. 2019, p. 136.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBashir A, Mansoor S, Naikoo MY. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of postnatal mothers regarding breastfeeding: A cross-sectional study. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2018;7(9):725\u0026ndash;31.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMishra A. Healthy Baby Food: An Infant Nutrition Review in India. in S. Shahir; Shashi Gour, editor \u003cem\u003eResearch Trends in Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition and Food Science\u003c/em\u003e. India: Bright Sky Publications. 2022, p.157. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.22271/bs.book.27\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.22271/bs.book.27\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOMS/UNICEF. Strat\u0026eacute;gie mondiale pour l\u0026rsquo;alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. Gen\u0026egrave;ve: Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u0026eacute;; 2003. p. 12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMohammed ES, Ghazawy ER, Hassan EE. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of breastfeeding and weaning among mothers of children up to 2 years old in a rural area in El-Minia governorate, Egypt. J family Med Prim care. 2014;3(2):136.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAfrose L, Banu B, Ahmed KR, Khanom K. Factors associated with knowledge about breastfeeding among female garment workers in Dhaka city. WHO South-East Asia. J Public Health. 2012;1(3):249.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSawadogo SP, Martin-Pr\u0026eacute;vel Y, Savy M, Kameli Y, et Traor\u0026eacute; AS. Pratiques d\u0026rsquo;alimentation du nourrisson en zone rurale au Burkina Faso (Province de la Gnagna) description et cons\u0026eacute;quences nutritionnelles. Promoting the consumption of adequate diets. 2003, 317\u0026ndash;328.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDjadou KE, Agbeko F, Gu\u0026eacute;d\u0026eacute;houssou T, Dizew\u0026eacute; K, Azoumah KD et, Agb\u0026egrave;r\u0026egrave;. A.D. Evaluation de l\u0026rsquo;allaitement maternel exclusif chez les enfants de 0 \u0026agrave; six mois dans le district de Tchaoudjo (Togo). \u003cem\u003eJournal Africain de Pediatrie et de G\u0026eacute;n\u0026eacute;tique M\u0026eacute;dicale\u003c/em\u003e. 2018, 4, 30\u0026ndash;36.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eParker MG, Stellwagen LM, Noble L, Kim JH, Poindexter BB, Puopolo KM. Promoting human milk and breastfeeding for the very low birth weight infant. \u003cem\u003ePediatrics.\u003c/em\u003e 2021, 148(5). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-054272\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1542/peds.2021-054272\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO). Report of the expert consultation on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Gen\u0026egrave;ve. 2001, p.6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO). Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. Collaborative Study Team on the role of breastfeeding on the prevention of infant mortality. The lancet. 2000. 2000, 355 (9202), 451\u0026ndash; 455.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWHO/UNICEF. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. 2015, p.6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChaudhary RN, Shah T, Raja S. Knowledge and practice of mothers regarding breastfeeding: a hospital based study. Health Renaissance. 2011;9(3):194\u0026ndash;200.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMantzorou M, Papandreou D, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Antasouras G, Psara E, Giaginis C. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least four months is associated with a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in mothers and their children after 2\u0026ndash;5 years from delivery. \u003cem\u003eNutrients\u003c/em\u003e. 2022, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e(17), 3599. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173599\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/nu14173599\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nutrition","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nutn","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nutrition](http://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nutn/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nutrition","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Colostrum, early breastfeeding, attitude, practice, Burkina Faso","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4651146/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4651146/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding practices during the first 1000 days of a child\u0026rsquo;s life are crucial for their health, development and survival. However, several factors influence mothers' sensitivity to breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on colostrum, early breastfeeding and ablactation age.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim was carried out from February 2021 to March 2022 in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso. It consisted of an initial and final evaluation of 163 mother-child couples aged 6 to 12 months who participated in at least 5 consultation sessions for healthy infants in public health facilities. The chi-square test and the Wilcoxon rank test were used to analyze the associations of the variables and the difference between the levels of mothers' knowledge at the initial and final assessments respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong surveyed mothers, colostrum was considered good for child health by 89.6% and 98.2% of mothers at initial and final assessments respectively. Almost all mothers (98.2%) gave colostrum and 3 out of 4 mothers breastfed their children in the first hour after childbirth. Colostrum donation and early breastfeeding by the mother are statistically associated with their occupations (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000) and their opinions on the effect of colostrum on infant health (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000). Awareness significantly increased mother\u0026rsquo;s knowledge on the benefits of colostrum, ablactation age, time and benefits of early breastfeeding (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000). It also had a positive impact on mother\u0026rsquo;s opinion of the effect of colostrum on infant health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData analysis sugest that it is necessary for health providers to be well trained or continously retrained to raise awareness among pregnant and parturient women about the optimal practice and benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months on breastfeeding in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-22 20:53:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4651146/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-07-03T10:11:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-06-28T05:06:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-06-28T05:06:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nutrition","date":"2024-06-27T23:28:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nutrition","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nutn","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nutrition](http://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nutn/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nutrition","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"90d2a946-da73-4c5a-a293-145547cdfee9","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 22nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T16:01:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4651146","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01162-7","journal":{"identity":"bmc-nutrition","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Nutrition"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-01 15:57:26","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-22 20:53:16","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01162-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01162-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4651146","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4651146","identity":"rs-4651146","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}