Children from High-income families may not be happy in commuting to school-- evidence from China

Children from High-income families may not be happy in commuting to school-- evidence from China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Children from High-income families may not be happy in commuting to school-- evidence from China Zhenhua Mou, Qingbin Wang, Weilin Kong, Luyu Zhang, Peng Wang, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3893468/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The uneven distribution of high-quality education resources leads to an increasing number of children choosing schools far from their homes, resulting in longer commuting times. This not only occupies the rest time of parents and children, but also reduces their happiness. Taking Lixia District of Jinan as a research area, this paper uses the Thiessen Polygon Method to define school districts, introduces the actual weight of children's school selection based on children’s OD data of commuting to school, combines the 4×1767×62 travel planning data obtained from Autonade API platform to jointly build the model of actual accessibility to commuting to school and the model of accessibility to commuting to school within school districts, and then studies the accessibility and transportation equity of households with different income in commuting to school. The results show that there are great differences in flow characteristics, accessibility and transportation equity of households with different income, and the dynamic spatial characteristics of children's commuting to school are affected by household income. Specifically, the actual accessibility of high-income households is smaller than that of other households, indicating that the children from high-income households spend longer time in commuting to school, and take up more of their rest time, which reduces their senses of satisfaction and happiness. Compared with the actual commuting to school, in commuting to school within school districts, the difference between households with different income has a greater impact on transportation inequality. Therefore, promoting reasonable and organized school selection processes can effectively reduce transportation accessibility gaps among households. This research contributes to enhancing urban accessibility and travel efficiency, and provide a basis for governments to formulate fairer and more rational transport policies. actual accessibility households with different income sense of happiness transportation inequality choose schools far away Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3893468","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":269598523,"identity":"b0081f74-1467-4f09-b18d-6dc439e619d1","order_by":0,"name":"Zhenhua Mou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Jianzhu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Mou","suffix":""},{"id":269598524,"identity":"bd1999a9-c22a-4030-8e44-34b2a08776ab","order_by":1,"name":"Qingbin Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Jianzhu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qingbin","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":269598525,"identity":"078d5161-30c3-4ee0-bdfc-413fc7a4ab46","order_by":2,"name":"Weilin Kong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Jianzhu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weilin","middleName":"","lastName":"Kong","suffix":""},{"id":269598526,"identity":"fcecaa5f-2470-460d-b183-02afd2cb4249","order_by":3,"name":"Luyu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Jianzhu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":269598527,"identity":"67ced68c-bc75-433d-ac73-5f5851160c97","order_by":4,"name":"Peng Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Jianzhu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":269598528,"identity":"08f27eeb-3f10-40f7-8760-36faff2d5834","order_by":5,"name":"Yanyan Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBCCuOMAMZvMQr+UMUAsbSVoY2w4wEK+Fvz3H8HPhvDvsBvcbGB+8bWOQNyekReLMG2PpmdueMRscY2A2nNvGYLizgYAWA4kcA2nebYdBWtikedsYEgwOENZi/Jt3DlgL+29itZhJ8zZAbGEmSovEmWdl1jzHnjFLHktslpxzTsJwAyEt/O3Jm2/z1NxJ5jt8+OCHN2U28gRtYWDgMACRycDYaQDZSlA9ELA/AJF2xCgdBaNgFIyCEQoAsoA9dm7VFXIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-24 08:31:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3893468/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3893468/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50627007,"identity":"96351d2b-d9b7-4af6-9526-b6d23505038e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-04 16:37:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1123517,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ChildrenfromHighincomefamiliesmaynotbehappyincommutingtoschoolevidencefromChina.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3893468/v1_covered_19816a75-e732-409d-af0a-bd9c84d349e5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Children from High-income families may not be happy in commuting to school-- evidence from China","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"actual accessibility, households with different income, sense of happiness, transportation inequality, choose schools far away","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3893468/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3893468/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe uneven distribution of high-quality education resources leads to an increasing number of children choosing schools far from their homes, resulting in longer commuting times. This not only occupies the rest time of parents and children, but also reduces their happiness. Taking Lixia District of Jinan as a research area, this paper uses the Thiessen Polygon Method to define school districts, introduces the actual weight of children's school selection based on children\u0026rsquo;s OD data of commuting to school, combines the 4\u0026times;1767\u0026times;62 travel planning data obtained from Autonade API platform to jointly build the model of actual accessibility to commuting to school and the model of accessibility to commuting to school within school districts, and then studies the accessibility and transportation equity of households with different income in commuting to school. The results show that there are great differences in flow characteristics, accessibility and transportation equity of households with different income, and the dynamic spatial characteristics of children's commuting to school are affected by household income. Specifically, the actual accessibility of high-income households is smaller than that of other households, indicating that the children from high-income households spend longer time in commuting to school, and take up more of their rest time, which reduces their senses of satisfaction and happiness. Compared with the actual commuting to school, in commuting to school within school districts, the difference between households with different income has a greater impact on transportation inequality. Therefore, promoting reasonable and organized school selection processes can effectively reduce transportation accessibility gaps among households. This research contributes to enhancing urban accessibility and travel efficiency, and provide a basis for governments to formulate fairer and more rational transport policies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Children from High-income families may not be happy in commuting to school-- evidence from China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-30 09:48:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3893468/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e2e5dfb8-48ed-4632-b8e2-da3e1c819585","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 30th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-02-04T16:29:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-30 09:48:54","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3893468","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3893468","identity":"rs-3893468","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}