Vagi̇noplasty From a Partner's Perspecti̇ve

Vagi̇noplasty From a Partner's Perspecti̇ve | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Vagi̇noplasty From a Partner's Perspecti̇ve ELİF UCAR, Ozan Dogan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223428/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives Sexual harmony between partners and surgical interventions that can be performed in the genital area to improve this harmony have increased social awareness in recent years. In this study, we aimed to show the preoperative and postoperative changes in partner satisfaction in vaginoplasties performed for aesthetic or medical reasons. Methods This study was planned retrospectively. Patient information was scanned in the database of our clinic and demographic data of the patients were recorded. The partners of the patients who underwent vaginoplasty were interviewed and the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD), Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale and New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS) were applied for preoperative and postoperative periods to evaluate sexual functions and the data were recorded. Results In this study, preoperative and postoperative MSHQ-EjD ejaculatory function and ejaculatory difficulty levels were not significantly different. In the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, relationship quality was evaluated in eight subgroups, and it was found that the levels of Frequency, Communication Touch, Satisfaction, Empotence and Quality of Sexual Relationship were significantly higher in the postoperative period, while Avoidance and Premature ejaculation scores were significantly lower. Conclusions In this study, it was found that sexual life satisfaction increased in the partners of women who underwent vaginoplasty for aesthetic or medical reasons. Vaginoplasty Aesthetics MSHQ-EjD Golombok-Rust Scale Sexuality INTRODUCTION Sexual health and harmony is an important part of a healthy life and relationship with a partner. However, women's discomfort with their genital appearance can cause them to be anxious and timid during sexual intercourse. 1,2 Negative body image is thought to reduce sexual desire and arousability and is therefore associated with less sexual satisfaction 3 . Negativities experienced during sexual intercourse can affect the communication between couples and damage the relationship. Women who have problems with the structure, width and dimensions of the vagina prefer to undergo surgical procedures on the genital area both to increase their own satisfaction and with the guidance of their partners. Women who request surgery think that both their and their partners' sexual desire and harmony will increase after surgery 4 . Vaginal relaxation and enlargement, which is especially common in women who have given birth vaginally, is thought to lead to decreased pleasure during intercourse in partners, anxiety, decreased self-confidence and depression in women 5,6 . This condition can cause problems such as decreased sexual sensitivity and avoidance of sexuality in most women; sexual reluctance and impotence in their partners 7,8 . Due to these problems, the desire for vaginal tightening with vaginoplasty operation both functionally and cosmetically is increasing among women 9,10 . Operations on the vagina used to be performed reconstructively in the treatment of congenital genital syndromes such as ambigius genitale, adrenogenital syndrome, vaginal agenesis 11 . Today, with increasing demand and awareness, it has become a procedure in which the vaginal lumen is reconstructed with the appropriate axis, length and width to provide penis-vagina harmony to increase sexual satisfaction, pleasure and satisfaction 12,13 . The aim of this study was to show the change in partner satisfaction of vaginoplasty patients before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 200 patient files of 200 patients who underwent vaginoplasty between 2020 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. In line with the 3-year data, the partners of the patients who underwent surgery were interviewed face-to-face and the partners of 47 patients were included in the study. Partners and patients were shown a penis model prepared in accordance with the average penis size in Turkey and asked to compare it with their own penises. In a study by Aslan et al. the average penis size in Turkey was found to be 13.7 ± 1.6 14 . Patients who responded as average or above penis size were included in our study. Women who underwent genital surgery other than vaginoplasty surgery, who were sexually active but had no partner or who were no longer sexually active due to age, partners of patients who had vaginusmus treatment or psychological treatment at any period of their lives were not included in the study. Incompatible responses between the patient and partner regarding the penis model and the partner's own penis size were excluded from the study. Partners of patients who answered with a penis size below the average, patients with micropenis or patients with erectile dysfunction were not included in our study. The partners of the women included in the study were interviewed in a separate room. Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD) 15 , Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale 16 and New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS) 17 were applied to the partners. MSHQ-EjD is a questionnaire consisting of 4 questions assessing the ejaculatory functions of men. The first 3 questions assess ejaculation function and the fourth question assesses ejaculation difficulty. The highest total score for ejaculation function was calculated as 15 and the lowest as one. For ejaculation difficulty questions, the highest score was 5 and the lowest score was zero. The higher the score, the higher the sexual health is considered to be. Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale consists of 28 questions and evaluates the dimensions of sexual problems such as frequency of intercourse, communication, avoidance, touching, satisfaction, empotence, premature ejaculation and quality of sexual intercourse. A score of 4 and above in the scoring of the frequency and communication categories suggests that there is a problem in this area, and a score of 9 and above in the scoring of the categories of avoidance, touching, satisfaction, empotence, premature ejaculation, and quality of sexual intercourse suggests that there is a problem in these areas. The new sexual life satisfaction scale consists of 20 questions and evaluates sexual satisfaction. A minimum score of 10 points and a maximum score of 100 points can be obtained from the scale. The higher the total score, the higher the satisfaction is considered to be. Surgical Procedure The patients included in the study underwent the same surgical procedure by the same surgeon. In the surgical procedure, the rectovaginal fascia was dissected by making a vaginal posterior wall incision from the vaginal entrance to the level of the posterior sacrouterine ligament of the cervix. The defective rectovaginal fascia was repaired and fixed to the posterior cervix and cervical ring reconstruction was completed. Excessive dilated vaginal mucosa was removed and the incision was closed continuously with 2.0 vicyrl suture. Statistical Analysis Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and/or median (min-max) and categorical data were expressed as number and percentage. Normality analysis of continuous variables was performed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit test. Preoperative and postoperative comparisons were made with Paired Samples T Test when the data were in accordance with normal distribution and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test when the data were not. McNemar Test was used to compare categorical data. Analyses were performed with IBM SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. Power Analytics In the study of 47 participants, the mean and standard deviations of the preoperative and postoperative variables indicating the preoperative and postoperative status in Table 5 above and the minimum number of samples to be examined through the G*Power application were calculated. First, Cohen's effect size was found to be 0.99. When the values of bidirectional, 0.05 margin of error and 0.80 power number were entered into G*Power, the minimum sample size was 11 people. Since there were 47 people in the survey research, the sample size examined with Power Analysis is sufficient. RESULTS Demographic data, gynecologic and obstetric histories of the patients examined in the study are shown in Table 1 . Table 1 Some descriptive data on patients Patient group (n = 47) Age (years) (Mean ± Sd) 39,34 ± 6,49 BMI (kg/m2) (Mean ± Sd) 25,18 ± 3,87 Education level (n, %) Primary 11 (%23,4) High School 19 (%40,4) University 15 (%31,9) Master 2 (%4,3) Socioeconomic level (n, %) Income less than expenses 2 (%4,3) Income equal to expenses 35 (%74,5) Income more than expenses 10 (%21,5) Clothing (n, %) Without hijab 33 (%70,2) Hijab 13 (%27,7) Sheet 1 (%2,1) Smoking (n, %) Not using 30 (%63,8) Using 17 (%36,2) Systemic diseas (n, %) None 41 (%87,2) Yes 6 (%12,8) Postoperative time (months) (Mean ± Sd) 12,46 ± 6,71 Parity [Median (min-max)] 2 (0–7) Number of children born with NVD [Median (min-max)] 1 (0–6) Number of children born with CS [Median (min-max)] (Mean ± Sd) 0 (0–2) 0.45 ± 0.71 Abort number [Median (min-max)] (Mean ± Sd) 0 (0–2) 0.28 ± 0.54 Number of living children [Median (min-max)] 2 (0–7) Previous gynaecological operation (n, %) No 39 (%83,0) Yes 8 (%17,0) Non-caesarean section gynaecological operation (n, %) None 45 (%95,7) Yes 2 (%4,3) The mean age at first sexual activity was 23.57 ± 4.86 years and the mean duration of marriage was 15.09 ± 8.11 years. 93.6% of the patients had 1 partner, 19.1% had menopause, 93.6% of the patients were married/lived with their partners, 68.1% were married by agreement and 55.3% had extended families (Table 2 ). Table 2 Some characteristics of the family life of the patients Patient group (n = 47) Age at first sexual activity (years) (Mean ± Sd) 23,57 ± 4,86 Marriage duration (years) (Mean ± Sd) 15,09 ± 8,11 Number of partners (n, %) 1 44 (%93,6) 2 1 (%2,1) 3 2 (%4,3) Menopause status (n, %) Menopause 9 (%19,1) Premenopausal 38 (%80,9) Marriage status (n, %) Single/widowed/divorced 3 (%6,4) Married/living together 44 (%93,6) How did she get married (n, %) Not married 2 (%4,3) Agreed 32 (%68,1) Arranged 13 (%27,7) Family structure (n, %) Not married 2 (%4,3) Core family 19 (%40,4) Extended family 26 (%55,3) Demographic data of the patients' partners are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 Some characteristics of the spouses of the patients Patient group (n = 47) Partner’s age (years) (Mean ± Sd) 43,02 ± 6,36 BMI (kg/m2) (Mean ± Sd) 26,47 ± 3,67 Education level Primary School 8 (%17,0) High School 16 (%34,0) University 23 (%48,9) Systemic disease (n, %) None 46 (%97,9) Yes 1 (%2,1) Past operation (n, %) None 46 (%97,9) Yes 1 (%2,1) Preoperative and postoperative MSHQ-EjD ejaculatory function and ejaculatory difficulty levels were not significantly different (p = 0.172 and p = 0.317, respectively) (Table 4 ). Table 4 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative MSHQ-EjD ejaculation function and ejaculation difficulty levels Preoperative [Median (min-max)] Postoperative [Median (min-max)] p MSHQ ejaculation function 14 ( 3 – 15 ) 14 ( 3 – 15 ) 0.172* MSHQ difficulty ejaculation 5 ( 1 – 5 ) 5 ( 1 – 5 ) 0.317* * Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test When Preoperative and Postoperative Golombok levels were compared, it was found that Postoperative Frequency, Communication, Touch, Satisfaction, Empotence and Quality of sexual intercourse levels were significantly increased compared to Preoperative values (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Avoidance and Premature ejaculation scores were significantly decreased (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively) (Table 5 ). Postop NSSS scores (85.89 ± 14.57) were significantly higher than preop values (73.11 ± 10.81) (p < 0.0001) (Table 6 ). Table 5 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative Golombok-Rust scores Preoperative [Median (min-max)] Postoperative [Median (min-max)] p Golombok- Frequency 2 ( 1 – 6 ) 0 (0–5) < 0.001* Golombok- Communication 3 ( 1 – 6 ) 1 ( 1 – 4 ) < 0.001* Golombok- Avoidance 2 ( 1 – 6 ) 3 (0–5) 0.004* Golombok-Touch 3 (0–7) 0 (0–6) < 0.001* Golombok- Satisfaction 5 ( 3 – 10 ) 1 ( 1 – 9 ) < 0.001* Golombok- Impotence 6 ( 4 – 7 ) 3 ( 2 – 5 ) < 0.001* Golombok- Premature ejaculation 3 ( 2 – 7 ) 5 ( 1 – 6 ) 0.004* Golombok- Quality of sexual intercourse 4 ( 1 – 6 ) 2 ( 2 – 7 ) < 0.001* * Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Table 6 Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative NSSS Scores Preoperative (Mean ± Sd) Postoperative (Mean ± Sd) p NSSS total 73,11 ± 10,81 85,89 ± 14,57 < 0.001* * Paired Samples T Test DISCUSSION In this study, it was shown that the sexual pleasure and satisfaction of their partners increased positively in the postoperative period in women who underwent vaginoplasty. In this way, it is thought that sexual satisfaction and fulfillment of couples increase. This study shows that partner sexual satisfaction can be increased by correcting vaginal relaxation and width. When looking at the literature, it has been shown that partner dissatisfaction and negative comments from partners play a significant role as the most common reasons for aesthetic surgeries applied to the female genital system 18–19 . Some studies have even shown that partner thinking is the most important factor 20 . Studies have shown that when these gynecological aesthetic operations are performed by experienced surgeons, the aesthetic appearance and functional improvement in women's body image are positively reflected in their lives 21 . Iglesia says that the idea of the 'perfect vagina' is an important concept in female beauty 22 . It claims that women’s overall satisfaction with their bodies leads to being more open to sexual innovations and sexually more willing. Moreover,it suggests that with a positive body image, the frequency of sex and orgasms increases,and women feel more comfortable in pleasuring their partners 23 . When functionality and beauty are considered together, it is thought that partners will be positively affected by the positive changes that occur in the female body. In their study, Goodman et al. found that the majority of women who underwent genital cosmetic surgery were satisfied with their genital areas, that there were positive changes in their sexuality after surgery and that their sexuality increased 24 . Eftekhar et al. showed that sexual satisfaction of couples increased after genital aesthetic surgery. It has shown that if the sexual functions of women are improved, their male partners can benefit from such improvements 25 . In a study conducted in the Netherlands, interventions aimed at creating a positive body image perception were found to be effective in supporting a more satisfying sexual life and creating a higher perception of relationship quality 4 . Pascoal et al. emphasized that sexual satisfaction results from mutual pleasure 26 . Similarly, in a multi-center study, it was found that the satisfaction of male partners after genital aesthetic operations was quite high 24 . Looking at this literature, women's self-confidence increases after these surgeries, their view of sexuality, sexual desire are positively affected and they take a more active role in their sexual lives. This positive situation is also reflected on their partners and the pleasure they get from sexuality as a couple increases. In this study, using the MSHQ-EjD, Golombok-Rust scale and NSSS questionnaires, it was shown that there was a statistically significant increase in sexual function and relationship satisfaction of partners after the operation. Elçi et al. showed that spouses expressed a decrease in the sexual pleasure they received due to late ejaculation and a decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse, although this was not expressed among couples 27 . In this study, according to the MSHQ-EjD questionnaire, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative periods in the ejaculation functions of men during sexual intercourse. However, in the Golombok-Rust scale, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the categories of avoidance of intercourse and premature ejaculation after the operation, suggesting that what is important in ejaculation functions is the frequency, quality and satisfaction of intercourse. This suggests that vaginal relaxation affects sexual pleasure but has no relationship with ejaculation function. Couples' communication, harmony, relationship quality, diversity and frequency increase with sexual harmony 28 . In this study, according to the Golombok-Rust scale, sexuality, communication, harmony, relationship quality, diversity and frequency between partners were found to be significantly higher in the postoperative period. The strengths of the study were that the same surgeon with a certain experience in vaginoplasty surgery performed the same surgical procedure on each patient. This made it impossible to attribute complications to different surgeons and surgical procedures. This allowed an objective evaluation of the success and complications of the surgical procedure. Since there is limited research on the effect of vaginoplasty on male partner satisfaction after vaginoplasty operation, it is thought that this study has a high contribution to the literature. CONCLUSION There was an increase in sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction in the postoperative partners of patients who underwent vaginoplasty. However, there was no significant difference in ejaculatory functions before and after the operation. It has been shown that vaginal relaxation and enlargement negatively affect sexual pleasure and satisfaction in the partner, that this situation can be corrected with vaginoplasty, and that vaginoplasty has no relationship with ejaculatory functions. Declarations Ethics committee approval: The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study (16.03.2023 - 2023/03-4) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study, which was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed Consent: Preoperative consent was obtained from each patient and his/her spouse. Author Contributions Surgical and Medical Practices:O.D.,Concept: E.U., Design: E.U.,O.D., Data Collection or Processing: E.U., O.D., Analysis or Interpretation: O.D., Literature Search: E.U. , Writing: E.U.,O.D. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding this article. Financial Disclosure : No financial support was received from any institution or person for our study. References Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Matlock DL, Simopoulos AF, Dalton TA, Veale D et al (2016) Evaluation of body image and sexual satisfaction in women undergoing female genital plastic/cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic Surg J 36:1048–1057. 10.1093/asj/sjw061 La Rocque CL, Cioe J (2011) An Evaluation of the Relationship between Body Image and Sexual Avoidance. J Sex Res 48:397408. 10.1080/00224499.2010.499522 Satinsky S, Reece M, Dennis B, Sanders S, Bardzell S (2012) An assessment of body appreciation and its relationship to sexual function in women. 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Sanko Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gaziantep Öztürk CŞ, Arkar H Evli çiftlerde evlilik uyumu ve cinsel doyum arasındaki ilişkiler.Literatür ve Sempozyum 2014.Cilt 1 Sayı 3 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4223428","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":290096923,"identity":"9a63d4f1-d855-4206-9cc8-833248737344","order_by":0,"name":"ELİF UCAR","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACdsaGDw8YGOQMwDwDCyK0MDM2zkhgYDA2YGAGaZEgRgsDI0hL4gawFgYitPAzMzc2JLYdTt/O3n90w48CCQb+9u4EvFokmxnBWnJ39hxmu9kDdJjEmbMb8GoxOMzY/gCkZcONZLYbPEAtBhK5+LXYH4bYkm4A1HLzDzFaDJghWhJAWm4TZYsEyJaEc+mGG84cNrstYyDBQ9Av/O3tDxs+lFnLGxxvfHbzzR8bOf72XvxawICRrRnO5iGsHAz+1BGpcBSMglEwCkYkAACFFkq76fzvAwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-4688","institution":"Istanbul Esenyurt Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"ELİF","middleName":"","lastName":"UCAR","suffix":""},{"id":290096924,"identity":"8f626329-b183-40aa-8b87-85d79f69d65d","order_by":1,"name":"Ozan Dogan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ozan","middleName":"","lastName":"Dogan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-05 13:51:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223428/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223428/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56685750,"identity":"b1a26e9f-a5e4-4855-9be8-58fda26c7199","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-17 20:27:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":454546,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4223428/v1/854a1d5d-8425-4928-b99b-e85efa5709ab.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eVagi̇noplasty From a Partner's Perspecti̇ve\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eSexual health and harmony is an important part of a healthy life and relationship with a partner. However, women's discomfort with their genital appearance can cause them to be anxious and timid during sexual intercourse.\u003csup\u003e1,2\u003c/sup\u003e Negative body image is thought to reduce sexual desire and arousability and is therefore associated with less sexual satisfaction\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. Negativities experienced during sexual intercourse can affect the communication between couples and damage the relationship. Women who have problems with the structure, width and dimensions of the vagina prefer to undergo surgical procedures on the genital area both to increase their own satisfaction and with the guidance of their partners. Women who request surgery think that both their and their partners' sexual desire and harmony will increase after surgery\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaginal relaxation and enlargement, which is especially common in women who have given birth vaginally, is thought to lead to decreased pleasure during intercourse in partners, anxiety, decreased self-confidence and depression in women\u003csup\u003e5,6\u003c/sup\u003e. This condition can cause problems such as decreased sexual sensitivity and avoidance of sexuality in most women; sexual reluctance and impotence in their partners\u003csup\u003e7,8\u003c/sup\u003e. Due to these problems, the desire for vaginal tightening with vaginoplasty operation both functionally and cosmetically is increasing among women\u003csup\u003e9,10\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperations on the vagina used to be performed reconstructively in the treatment of congenital genital syndromes such as ambigius genitale, adrenogenital syndrome, vaginal agenesis\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e. Today, with increasing demand and awareness, it has become a procedure in which the vaginal lumen is reconstructed with the appropriate axis, length and width to provide penis-vagina harmony to increase sexual satisfaction, pleasure and satisfaction\u003csup\u003e12,13\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to show the change in partner satisfaction of vaginoplasty patients before and after surgery.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, 200 patient files of 200 patients who underwent vaginoplasty between 2020 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. In line with the 3-year data, the partners of the patients who underwent surgery were interviewed face-to-face and the partners of 47 patients were included in the study. Partners and patients were shown a penis model prepared in accordance with the average penis size in Turkey and asked to compare it with their own penises. In a study by Aslan et al. the average penis size in Turkey was found to be 13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6 \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e. Patients who responded as average or above penis size were included in our study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWomen who underwent genital surgery other than vaginoplasty surgery, who were sexually active but had no partner or who were no longer sexually active due to age, partners of patients who had vaginusmus treatment or psychological treatment at any period of their lives were not included in the study. Incompatible responses between the patient and partner regarding the penis model and the partner\u0026apos;s own penis size were excluded from the study. Partners of patients who answered with a penis size below the average, patients with micropenis or patients with erectile dysfunction were not included in our study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe partners of the women included in the study were interviewed in a separate room. Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD)\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e, Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e and New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS)\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e were applied to the partners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMSHQ-EjD is a questionnaire consisting of 4 questions assessing the ejaculatory functions of men. The first 3 questions assess ejaculation function and the fourth question assesses ejaculation difficulty. The highest total score for ejaculation function was calculated as 15 and the lowest as one. For ejaculation difficulty questions, the highest score was 5 and the lowest score was zero. The higher the score, the higher the sexual health is considered to be. Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale consists of 28 questions and evaluates the dimensions of sexual problems such as frequency of intercourse, communication, avoidance, touching, satisfaction, empotence, premature ejaculation and quality of sexual intercourse. A score of 4 and above in the scoring of the frequency and communication categories suggests that there is a problem in this area, and a score of 9 and above in the scoring of the categories of avoidance, touching, satisfaction, empotence, premature ejaculation, and quality of sexual intercourse suggests that there is a problem in these areas. The new sexual life satisfaction scale consists of 20 questions and evaluates sexual satisfaction. A minimum score of 10 points and a maximum score of 100 points can be obtained from the scale. The higher the total score, the higher the satisfaction is considered to be.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSurgical Procedure\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe patients included in the study underwent the same surgical procedure by the same surgeon. In the surgical procedure, the rectovaginal fascia was dissected by making a vaginal posterior wall incision from the vaginal entrance to the level of the posterior sacrouterine ligament of the cervix. The defective rectovaginal fascia was repaired and fixed to the posterior cervix and cervical ring reconstruction was completed. Excessive dilated vaginal mucosa was removed and the incision was closed continuously with 2.0 vicyrl suture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContinuous variables were expressed as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation and/or median (min-max) and categorical data were expressed as number and percentage. Normality analysis of continuous variables was performed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit test. Preoperative and postoperative comparisons were made with Paired Samples T Test when the data were in accordance with normal distribution and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test when the data were not. McNemar Test was used to compare categorical data. Analyses were performed with IBM SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and statistical significance level was accepted as p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003ePower Analytics\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the study of 47 participants, the mean and standard deviations of the preoperative and postoperative variables indicating the preoperative and postoperative status in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e above and the minimum number of samples to be examined through the G*Power application were calculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst, Cohen\u0026apos;s effect size was found to be 0.99. When the values of bidirectional, 0.05 margin of error and 0.80 power number were entered into G*Power, the minimum sample size was 11 people. Since there were 47 people in the survey research, the sample size examined with Power Analysis is sufficient.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eDemographic data, gynecologic and obstetric histories of the patients examined in the study are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome descriptive data on patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient group\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m2) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25,18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation level (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (%23,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh School\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (%40,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (%31,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%4,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocioeconomic level (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome less than expenses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%4,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome equal to expenses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (%74,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome more than expenses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (%21,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClothing (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithout hijab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (%70,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHijab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (%27,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSheet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%2,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (%63,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (%36,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystemic diseas (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (%87,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (%12,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostoperative time (months) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12,46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParity [Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (0\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of children born with NVD [Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0\u0026ndash;6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of children born with CS [Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbort number [Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of living children [Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (0\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious gynaecological operation (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (%83,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (%17,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-caesarean section gynaecological operation (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (%95,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%4,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean age at first sexual activity was 23.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.86 years and the mean duration of marriage was 15.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.11 years. 93.6% of the patients had 1 partner, 19.1% had menopause, 93.6% of the patients were married/lived with their partners, 68.1% were married by agreement and 55.3% had extended families (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome characteristics of the family life of the patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge at first sexual activity (years) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23,57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarriage duration (years) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15,09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8,11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of partners (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (%93,6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%2,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%4,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenopause status (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenopause\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (%19,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePremenopausal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (%80,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarriage status (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle/widowed/divorced\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (%6,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried/living together\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (%93,6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow did she get married (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot married\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%4,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgreed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (%68,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArranged\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (%27,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily structure (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot married\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%4,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore family\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (%40,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtended family\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (%55,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic data of the patients' partners are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome characteristics of the spouses of the patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartner\u0026rsquo;s age (years) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m2) (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26,47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary School\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (%17,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh School\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (%34,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (%48,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystemic disease (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (%97,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%2,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePast operation (n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (%97,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%2,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreoperative and postoperative MSHQ-EjD ejaculatory function and ejaculatory difficulty levels were not significantly different (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.172 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.317, respectively) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of preoperative and postoperative MSHQ-EjD ejaculation function and ejaculation difficulty levels\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreoperative\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostoperative\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMSHQ ejaculation function\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.172*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMSHQ difficulty ejaculation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.317*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen Preoperative and Postoperative Golombok levels were compared, it was found that Postoperative Frequency, Communication, Touch, Satisfaction, Empotence and Quality of sexual intercourse levels were significantly increased compared to Preoperative values (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 and p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, respectively), whereas Avoidance and Premature ejaculation scores were significantly decreased (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002, respectively) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostop NSSS scores (85.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.57) were significantly higher than preop values (73.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.81) (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparison of preoperative and postoperative Golombok-Rust scores\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreoperative\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePostoperative\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[Median (min-max)]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Frequency\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 (0\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Communication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Avoidance\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 (0\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok-Touch\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 (0\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 (0\u0026ndash;6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Impotence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Premature ejaculation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGolombok- Quality of sexual intercourse\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2 (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of Preoperative and Postoperative NSSS Scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreoperative\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostoperative\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNSSS total\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73,11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10,81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14,57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Paired Samples T Test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, it was shown that the sexual pleasure and satisfaction of their partners increased positively in the postoperative period in women who underwent vaginoplasty. In this way, it is thought that sexual satisfaction and fulfillment of couples increase. This study shows that partner sexual satisfaction can be increased by correcting vaginal relaxation and width.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen looking at the literature, it has been shown that partner dissatisfaction and negative comments from partners play a significant role as the most common reasons for aesthetic surgeries applied to the female genital system\u003csup\u003e18\u0026ndash;19\u003c/sup\u003e. Some studies have even shown that partner thinking is the most important factor\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e. Studies have shown that when these gynecological aesthetic operations are performed by experienced surgeons, the aesthetic appearance and functional improvement in women's body image are positively reflected in their lives\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e. Iglesia says that the idea of the 'perfect vagina' is an important concept in female beauty\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e. It claims that women\u0026rsquo;s overall satisfaction with their bodies leads to being more open to sexual innovations and sexually more willing. Moreover,it suggests that with a positive body image, the frequency of sex and orgasms increases,and women feel more comfortable in pleasuring their partners\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen functionality and beauty are considered together, it is thought that partners will be positively affected by the positive changes that occur in the female body. In their study, Goodman et al. found that the majority of women who underwent genital cosmetic surgery were satisfied with their genital areas, that there were positive changes in their sexuality after surgery and that their sexuality increased\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e. Eftekhar et al. showed that sexual satisfaction of couples increased after genital aesthetic surgery. It has shown that if the sexual functions of women are improved, their male partners can benefit from such improvements\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e. In a study conducted in the Netherlands, interventions aimed at creating a positive body image perception were found to be effective in supporting a more satisfying sexual life and creating a higher perception of relationship quality\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. Pascoal et al. emphasized that sexual satisfaction results from mutual pleasure\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e. Similarly, in a multi-center study, it was found that the satisfaction of male partners after genital aesthetic operations was quite high\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking at this literature, women's self-confidence increases after these surgeries, their view of sexuality, sexual desire are positively affected and they take a more active role in their sexual lives. This positive situation is also reflected on their partners and the pleasure they get from sexuality as a couple increases. In this study, using the MSHQ-EjD, Golombok-Rust scale and NSSS questionnaires, it was shown that there was a statistically significant increase in sexual function and relationship satisfaction of partners after the operation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEl\u0026ccedil;i et al. showed that spouses expressed a decrease in the sexual pleasure they received due to late ejaculation and a decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse, although this was not expressed among couples\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e. In this study, according to the MSHQ-EjD questionnaire, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative periods in the ejaculation functions of men during sexual intercourse. However, in the Golombok-Rust scale, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the categories of avoidance of intercourse and premature ejaculation after the operation, suggesting that what is important in ejaculation functions is the frequency, quality and satisfaction of intercourse. This suggests that vaginal relaxation affects sexual pleasure but has no relationship with ejaculation function. Couples' communication, harmony, relationship quality, diversity and frequency increase with sexual harmony\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e. In this study, according to the Golombok-Rust scale, sexuality, communication, harmony, relationship quality, diversity and frequency between partners were found to be significantly higher in the postoperative period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strengths of the study were that the same surgeon with a certain experience in vaginoplasty surgery performed the same surgical procedure on each patient. This made it impossible to attribute complications to different surgeons and surgical procedures. This allowed an objective evaluation of the success and complications of the surgical procedure. Since there is limited research on the effect of vaginoplasty on male partner satisfaction after vaginoplasty operation, it is thought that this study has a high contribution to the literature.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThere was an increase in sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction in the postoperative partners of patients who underwent vaginoplasty. However, there was no significant difference in ejaculatory functions before and after the operation. It has been shown that vaginal relaxation and enlargement negatively affect sexual pleasure and satisfaction in the partner, that this situation can be corrected with vaginoplasty, and that vaginoplasty has no relationship with ejaculatory functions.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics committee approval:\u003c/strong\u003e The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study (16.03.2023 - 2023/03-4) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study, which was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consent:\u003c/strong\u003e Preoperative consent was obtained from each patient and his/her spouse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurgical and \u0026nbsp;Medical Practices:O.D.,Concept: E.U., Design: E.U.,O.D., Data Collection or Processing: E.U., O.D., Analysis or Interpretation: O.D., Literature Search: E.U. , Writing: E.U.,O.D.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclosure\u003c/strong\u003e: No financial support was received from any institution or person for our study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGoodman MP, Placik OJ, Matlock DL, Simopoulos AF, Dalton TA, Veale D et al (2016) Evaluation of body image and sexual satisfaction in women undergoing female genital plastic/cosmetic surgery. 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Sanko \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstit\u0026uuml;s\u0026uuml;, Gaziantep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026Ouml;zt\u0026uuml;rk CŞ, Arkar H Evli \u0026ccedil;iftlerde evlilik uyumu ve cinsel doyum arasındaki ilişkiler.Literat\u0026uuml;r ve Sempozyum 2014.Cilt 1 Sayı 3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Vaginoplasty, Aesthetics, MSHQ-EjD, Golombok-Rust Scale, Sexuality","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223428/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223428/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjectives\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual harmony between partners and surgical interventions that can be performed in the genital area to improve this harmony have increased social awareness in recent years. In this study, we aimed to show the preoperative and postoperative changes in partner satisfaction in vaginoplasties performed for aesthetic or medical reasons.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was planned retrospectively. Patient information was scanned in the database of our clinic and demographic data of the patients were recorded. The partners of the patients who underwent vaginoplasty were interviewed and the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD), Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale and New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS) were applied for preoperative and postoperative periods to evaluate sexual functions and the data were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, preoperative and postoperative MSHQ-EjD ejaculatory function and ejaculatory difficulty levels were not significantly different. In the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, relationship quality was evaluated in eight subgroups, and it was found that the levels of Frequency, Communication Touch, Satisfaction, Empotence and Quality of Sexual Relationship were significantly higher in the postoperative period, while Avoidance and Premature ejaculation scores were significantly lower.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, it was found that sexual life satisfaction increased in the partners of women who underwent vaginoplasty for aesthetic or medical reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Vagi̇noplasty From a Partner's Perspecti̇ve","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-16 18:43:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223428/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ece74a85-5590-4afb-95ae-b00cac2f41b3","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 16th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-17T20:27:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-16 18:43:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4223428","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4223428","identity":"rs-4223428","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}