Floristic survey of weeds with emphasis on organic and conventional tea gardens in South bank of Assam, India

Floristic survey of weeds with emphasis on organic and conventional tea gardens in South bank of Assam, India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Floristic survey of weeds with emphasis on organic and conventional tea gardens in South bank of Assam, India Sarbani Roy, Somnath Roy, Venkatesan Selvaraj, Chandra Ghosh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7440738/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study identifies weed species and assesses their frequency, abundance, dominance, and similarity index in selected tea estates on the South bank of Assam. A phytosociological survey of weeds using random quadrat technique of (1x1) m was carried out in tea gardens from 2022 to 2024 at regular intervals to compare the weed flora in organic and conventional tea gardens and identify the most prevalent weeds in the gardens of South Bank of Assam. The floristic diversity of weeds was evaluated for the most dominant weeds based on a higher value of important value index (IVI). 188 different weeds were collected that belonged to 41 dicot families, 6 monocot families, and 7 pteridophytic families which were predominantly therophytes. Native weed species accounted for 71% while exotic species represented 29% of total weeds. Asteraceae (11.53%) and Poaceae (10%) represented the highest number of species. Cluster analysis of weed flora highlighted the species like Ageratum houstonianum, Ageratum conyzoides, Spermacoce alata, Axonopus compressus and Oxalis debilis to be higher in organic gardens. Herbicide resistant weeds like Polytrias indica, Eleusine indica, Paspalum conjugatum, Oplismenus compositus and Cyperus brevifolius have shown higher frequency, density and abundance than other weeds in conventional gardens. The study also found the presence of Ageratum conyzoides , Spermacoce alata, Eleusine indica, Mikania micrantha, Peperomia pellucida, Chrysopogon acicularis, Clerodendrum infortunatum, Colocasia esculenta and Crassocephalum crepidiodes in all selected gardens regardless of cultural practices. Assam weeds phytosociological survey organic conventional invasive tea field Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryFile.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7440738","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":525747382,"identity":"800bc827-d05e-44df-9ae6-8e5fdb0a68dd","order_by":0,"name":"Sarbani Roy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tocklai Tea Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sarbani","middleName":"","lastName":"Roy","suffix":""},{"id":525747383,"identity":"dd9d407f-564e-4cd0-be50-71f95080705e","order_by":1,"name":"Somnath Roy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tocklai Tea Research 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A phytosociological survey of weeds using random quadrat technique of (1x1) m was carried out in tea gardens from 2022 to 2024 at regular intervals to compare the weed flora in organic and conventional tea gardens and identify the most prevalent weeds in the gardens of South Bank of Assam. The floristic diversity of weeds was evaluated for the most dominant weeds based on a higher value of important value index (IVI). 188 different weeds were collected that belonged to 41 dicot families, 6 monocot families, and 7 pteridophytic families which were predominantly therophytes. Native weed species accounted for 71% while exotic species represented 29% of total weeds. Asteraceae (11.53%) and Poaceae (10%) represented the highest number of species. Cluster analysis of weed flora highlighted the species like \u003cem\u003eAgeratum houstonianum, Ageratum conyzoides, Spermacoce alata, Axonopus compressus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eOxalis debilis\u003c/em\u003e to be higher in organic gardens. Herbicide resistant weeds like \u003cem\u003ePolytrias indica, Eleusine indica, Paspalum conjugatum, Oplismenus compositus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eCyperus brevifolius\u003c/em\u003e have shown higher frequency, density and abundance than other weeds in conventional gardens. The study also found the presence of \u003cem\u003eAgeratum conyzoides\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSpermacoce alata, Eleusine indica, Mikania micrantha, Peperomia pellucida, Chrysopogon acicularis, Clerodendrum infortunatum, Colocasia esculenta\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eCrassocephalum crepidiodes\u003c/em\u003e in all selected gardens regardless of cultural practices.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Floristic survey of weeds with emphasis on organic and conventional tea gardens in South bank of Assam, India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-09 18:22:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7440738/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5a548069-09c1-4805-9e39-3307e7971b3a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-05T08:39:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-09 18:22:50","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7440738","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7440738","identity":"rs-7440738","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}