Sustaining high-fidelity quantum logic in neutral-atom circuits via mid-circuit operations

Sustaining high-fidelity quantum logic in neutral-atom circuits via mid-circuit operations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Sustaining high-fidelity quantum logic in neutral-atom circuits via mid-circuit operations Chao-Yang Lu, Rui Lin, You Li, Le-Tian Zheng, Tai-Ran Hu, Si-Yuan Chen, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9334007/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computation hinges on the ability to execute deep quantum circuits while maintaining gate fidelities consistently above error-correction thresholds. Although neutral-atom arrays have recently demonstrated high-fidelity two-qubit gates and early-stage logical quantum processors, sustaining such high performance across deep, repetitive circuits remains a formidable challenge due to cumulative motional heating and atom loss. Here we demonstrate a sustainable neutral-atom framework that overcomes these limitations by integrating a suite of hardware-efficient mid-circuit operations. We report a two-qubit controlled logic gate with a raw fidelity of 99.60(1)%, which is further increased to a fidelity of 99.81(1)% via non-destructive erasure detection. Crucially, by implementing in-circuit Raman sideband cooling and qubit re-initialization, we demonstrate that gate fidelities can be maintained at the ~99.8% level across multiple operational rounds without observable degradation. By actively managing the internal and motional entropy of the system mid-stream, our in-situ refreshable architecture provides a critical pathway for executing the repeated syndrome-extraction cycles required for large-scale, continuous quantum error correction. Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Quantum information Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Qubits Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Sustain998MethodsV0404.pdf Methods Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9334007","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":618906727,"identity":"86023d77-6831-4475-adfd-98a6345d31dd","order_by":0,"name":"Chao-Yang 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