The Effect of Flavonoid Extract from Phaleria macrocarpa to Proliferating Factors (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7) in Endometriosis Mice Model

Yahya Irwanto, Teguh Wiyono, Kusuma Wardani
In: Asian Journal of Health Research · 2023 · vol. 2(3) , pp. 25–30 · doi:10.55561/ajhr.v2i3.102 · W4390196805
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-12 ⓘ

Flavonoid extract from Phaleria macrocarpa fruit significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 in a mouse model of endometriosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-12 · read from full text ⓘ

This true experimental laboratory study used a randomized post-test only design with a control group to assess the effect of a flavonoid extract from Phaleria macrocarpa fruit on MMP-related proliferating factors in a mice model of endometriosis. Mice were divided into six groups (with 6 per group), treated with the extract, and MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 expression were measured; normality testing met assumptions (p>0.05) and differences were analyzed with independent t-tests (SPSS v19). The extract significantly decreased expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 compared with controls (all p=0.000). This paper is centrally about endometriosis—evaluating Phaleria macrocarpa flavonoids’ effects on MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 expression in an endometriosis mice model.

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Abstract

Introduction: Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease influenced by estrogen characterized by ectopic growth of the endometrial stroma and glands. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a proteolytic enzyme that has an important role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in normal tissues but also contributes to pathologies such as tumor invasion. The therapy has many drawbacks, including being expensive and in need of herbal therapy as an alternative. Phaleria macrocarpa is a native plant of Indonesia that contains flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Phaleria macrocarpa flavonoid isolate on the development of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in mice model endometriosis. Material and Methods: This research is a true experimental study with a Randomized Post-Test Only with a Control Group in the laboratory. Samples are divided into six groups, a control group and an intervention group, administered with flavonoid extract from Phaleria macrocarpa. Data analysis was carried out by using the Independent T-Test with SPSS for Windows 19.0 software. Results: Each control and intervention group consisted of 6 mice. The normality test for each variable shows p> 0.05. Administration of flavonoid in each group shows a significant decrease in MMP-1 (20.4 ± 7.74 vs 65.68 ± 10.97, p=0.000), MMP-3 (53.34 ± 9.66 vs67.47 ± 10.05, p=0.000), and MMP-7 expression (40.52 ± 5.43 vs 54.13 ± 4.08, p=0.000). Conclusion: Flavonoids from the Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract were able to reduce the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 in mice model endometriosis.
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Keywords

Endometriosis , Flavonoid, Herbal, Phaleria macrocarpaAbstract

Introduction

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease influenced by estrogen characterized by ectopic growth of the endometrial stroma and glands. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a proteolytic enzyme that has an important role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in normal tissues but also contributes to pathologies such as tumor invasion. The therapy has many drawbacks, including being expensive and in need of herbal therapy as an alternative. Phaleria macrocarpa is a native plant of Indonesia that contains flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Phaleria macrocarpa flavonoid isolate on the development of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in mice model endometriosis.

Material and methods

This research is a true experimental study with a Randomized Post-Test Only with a Control Group in the laboratory. Samples are divided into six groups, a control group and an intervention group, administered with flavonoid extract from Phaleria macrocarpa. Data analysis was carried out by using the Independent T-Test with SPSS for Windows 19.0 software.

Results

Each control and intervention group consisted of 6 mice. The normality test for each variable shows p> 0.05. Administration of flavonoid in each group shows a significant decrease in MMP-1 (20.4 ± 7.74 vs 65.68 ± 10.97, p=0.000), MMP-3 (53.34 ± 9.66 vs67.47 ± 10.05, p=0.000), and MMP-7 expression (40.52 ± 5.43 vs 54.13 ± 4.08, p=0.000).

Conclusion

Flavonoids from the Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract were able to reduce the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 in mice model endometriosis. Downloads Published Issue Section License Copyright (c) 2023 Yahya Irwanto, Teguh Wiyono , Kusuma Wardani This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

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