The Division and Spatial-temporal Evolution of Prehistoric Settlement Clusters in  Songshan Mountain Region

The Division and Spatial-temporal Evolution of Prehistoric Settlement Clusters in Songshan Mountain Region | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The Division and Spatial-temporal Evolution of Prehistoric Settlement Clusters in Songshan Mountain Region Lijie Yan, Xia Wang, Ruixia Yang, Li Zhang, Xiaohong Yuan, Fei Teng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5933465/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Settlements, as the core carriers of human activities, the study of their clustering patterns is crucial for uncovering ancient social organizational structures. This research establishes a systematic methodology for delineating early settlement groups. Initially, the nearest neighbor distance analysis was utilized to evaluate settlement agglomeration, followed by kernel density analysis to quantify spatial clustering characteristics. By incorporating natural barriers such as terrain and water systems, the cost distance between settlements was calculated, thereby enabling the precise demarcation of settlement groups. Applying this approach to the settlement groups in Songshan Mountain region, the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors were comprehensively analyzed. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the early human-land relationship in Songshan Mountain region but also offer critical insights into the origins of civilization and the process of societal complexity in this area. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5933465","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":441574707,"identity":"be283964-aeef-4159-8efd-9a2bff34db78","order_by":0,"name":"Lijie Yan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgMSFRJAmocEPQckzpCshbGNgQQtBsfPHjhgOc/Cbn4D78GPPxjs8ghrOZOXcEBym0TyhgN8ydI8DMnFhLUcyDEAazGQf2MgDXRkYgNBLeffALXMkUiWb+Ax/vmDKC03QLY0SNgxHOAxk+AhRovkDaAtEsckEgyAWqx5DJIJa+E7n2P4WKKmzh7ksJs/KuwIa1E4wMDADIxIqEoDQuqBQB6olPEDA4M9EWpHwSgYBaNgpAIAWEk8h+AMmZwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lijie","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":441574708,"identity":"6138d3fe-d1a3-4d53-8eee-fec0ce979984","order_by":1,"name":"Xia Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xia","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":441574709,"identity":"5e21bf51-53ca-4ad0-bc44-1d560a5f28a1","order_by":2,"name":"Ruixia Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruixia","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":441574710,"identity":"71a1494e-7501-4f8f-953f-4ea70901d14f","order_by":3,"name":"Li Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Li","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":441574711,"identity":"e87d8c0d-693c-4c2f-9d08-08397d4f0cbb","order_by":4,"name":"Xiaohong Yuan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Luoyang Archaeological Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaohong","middleName":"","lastName":"Yuan","suffix":""},{"id":441574712,"identity":"ebd1d5e8-1aa5-452f-86b3-0dc7592e1d07","order_by":5,"name":"Fei Teng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fei","middleName":"","lastName":"Teng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-31 03:38:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5933465/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5933465/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85156419,"identity":"b6aa5553-e670-41aa-a875-7acad4159fbf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-22 20:31:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":893092,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TheDivisionandSpatialtemporalEvolutionofPrehistoricSettlementClustersinSongshanMountainRegion.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5933465/v1_covered_8cb4661c-1aee-4c64-aaa4-fb6cb68d9bfa.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Division and Spatial-temporal Evolution of Prehistoric Settlement Clusters in Songshan Mountain Region","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5933465/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5933465/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Settlements, as the core carriers of human activities, the study of their clustering patterns is crucial for uncovering ancient social organizational structures. 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