Integrated physiological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics offer novel insights into the mechanisms of antimony resistance in Glycine max L

Integrated physiological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics offer novel insights into the mechanisms of antimony resistance in Glycine max L | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Integrated physiological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics offer novel insights into the mechanisms of antimony resistance in Glycine max L Liang You, Sha Gong, Guoxiang Jiang, Renyan Duan, Xincheng Wu, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8058106/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Antimony (Sb), a toxic metalloid with significant phytotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity, threatens agricultural safety due to its widespread use. Soybean ( Glycine max L.), a globally important source of edible oil and protein, has been studied for heavy metal resistance, yet its specific responses to Sb stress remain unclear. Using integrated phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of Sb(III)-stressed soybean, we observed dose-dependent phytotoxicity, including leaf wilting, root damage, and biomass reduction. Despite these symptoms, soybean exhibited strong Sb tolerance, accumulation, and translocation capacity. Multi-omics analysis revealed dose-dependent coordinated upregulation of detoxification genes (e.g., ABC transporters , CYPs , and HSP26-A ) and identified three key metabolic pathways contributing to Sb tolerance: (1) flavonoid biosynthesis, (2) alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, and (3) isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Together, these components may constitute a coherent molecular defense network against Sb toxicity. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of Sb tolerance in soybean and support the development of resistant cultivars for cultivation in contaminated areas. Glycine max L. Sb stress Physiological analysis Transcriptomics Metabolomics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementarytable112.xlsx SupplementaryFigure16.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8058106","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":548580136,"identity":"f5348e12-42f4-4b91-8970-a43f37032538","order_by":0,"name":"Liang You","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liang","middleName":"","lastName":"You","suffix":""},{"id":548580137,"identity":"b4186138-60ec-46d3-84b8-5fa91782c719","order_by":1,"name":"Sha Gong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University of Humanities, Science and 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Soybean (\u003cem\u003eGlycine max\u003c/em\u003e L.), a globally important source of edible oil and protein, has been studied for heavy metal resistance, yet its specific responses to Sb stress remain unclear. Using integrated phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of Sb(III)-stressed soybean, we observed dose-dependent phytotoxicity, including leaf wilting, root damage, and biomass reduction. Despite these symptoms, soybean exhibited strong Sb tolerance, accumulation, and translocation capacity. Multi-omics analysis revealed dose-dependent coordinated upregulation of detoxification genes (e.g., \u003cem\u003eABC transporters\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCYPs\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eHSP26-A\u003c/em\u003e) and identified three key metabolic pathways contributing to Sb tolerance: (1) flavonoid biosynthesis, (2) alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, and (3) isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Together, these components may constitute a coherent molecular defense network against Sb toxicity. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of Sb tolerance in soybean and support the development of resistant cultivars for cultivation in contaminated areas.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Integrated physiological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics offer novel insights into the mechanisms of antimony resistance in Glycine max L","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-27 22:57:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8058106/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4081a091-485c-48bb-a719-a29afc210e2b","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-07T09:23:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-27 22:57:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8058106","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8058106","identity":"rs-8058106","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}