A Differential Game-Based Security Mechanism for Protecting Data Element Circulation

A Differential Game-Based Security Mechanism for Protecting Data Element Circulation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Differential Game-Based Security Mechanism for Protecting Data Element Circulation Lei Wang, Haitao Xu, Haoyu Shi, Xianwei Zhou This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5887533/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), driver-users connect with the Internet through roadside units (RSUs). The driver-users transmit a large amount of personally sensitive information about their journeys to RSUs to access value-added services. Simultaneously, the attackers infiltrate RSUs at a certain frequency to steal or intercept some connected ICVs users' privacy information, which causes a great threat to the privacy of user data elements. Moreover, most defense technologies in current ICVs systems rely on a passive defense approach, which has limitations such as single strategy and difficult flexible adjustment. Given the above issue, this paper proposes a data element circulation security defense mechanism based on differential game theory. The mechanism conceptualizes the health level of RSUs as a contested resource and establishes a differential game model. Leveraging the Nash equilibrium solution with feedback, the mechanism adaptively determines the optimal packet marking strength (PMS) in accordance with the attack frequency. And the defenders can achieve maximization the effectiveness of their defenses. Ultimately, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the model and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. Intelligent connected vehicle Privacy protection Strategy optimization Data packet marking technology Differential game. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5887533","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":406917127,"identity":"672efd39-51c8-4258-bc00-e2ebfdce1ebe","order_by":0,"name":"Lei Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":406917128,"identity":"032e908a-b7d1-4498-b85b-3b4fb2603f90","order_by":1,"name":"Haitao Xu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgaGBCDFD8TMQMzYQJwWoB7JBgbGZuK1gKwxOECsFoMbuQc/PPxhJ2d8I/354wIGG9kNB5ifPcCnRXJGXrJEQkKysdmNHMPmGQxpxhsOsJkb4NPCL5FjANTCnLjtRg5jMw/D4cQNB3jYJPBpYZPIMf6RkFCfuHlG+kOglv+EtQBtMQPaAjRcIsEQqOUAYS2SPW/MLBLSjhtLnHljOHuGQbLxzMNsZni1GBzPMb75w6Zajr89/cHnggo72b7jzc/wakE3gQGSBkbBKBgFo2AUUAYAYfBHcfcwxbEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haitao","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":406917129,"identity":"7f6803dd-5206-4b1f-b4ab-750adbd892d8","order_by":2,"name":"Haoyu Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haoyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":406917131,"identity":"91e47b6e-a99a-4260-ad95-db5f876741f4","order_by":3,"name":"Xianwei Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xianwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-23 10:38:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5887533/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5887533/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77618532,"identity":"ce6b2a8e-6c80-4553-a410-8ac5b1076fa3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 15:17:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":587967,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snarticletemplate.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5887533/v1_covered_078fdc59-e6a3-485d-a684-209762220fdc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Differential Game-Based Security Mechanism for Protecting Data Element Circulation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Intelligent connected vehicle, Privacy protection, Strategy optimization, Data packet marking technology, Differential game.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5887533/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5887533/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), driver-users connect with the Internet through roadside units (RSUs). The driver-users transmit a large amount of personally sensitive information about their journeys to RSUs to access value-added services. Simultaneously, the attackers infiltrate RSUs at a certain frequency to steal or intercept some connected ICVs users' privacy information, which causes a great threat to the privacy of user data elements. Moreover, most defense technologies in current ICVs systems rely on a passive defense approach, which has limitations such as single strategy and difficult flexible adjustment. Given the above issue, this paper proposes a data element circulation security defense mechanism based on differential game theory. The mechanism conceptualizes the health level of RSUs as a contested resource and establishes a differential game model. Leveraging the Nash equilibrium solution with feedback, the mechanism adaptively determines the optimal packet marking strength (PMS) in accordance with the attack frequency. 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