Detecting visual deficits in retinal degeneration mice using photoacoustic tomography

Detecting visual deficits in retinal degeneration mice using photoacoustic tomography | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Detecting visual deficits in retinal degeneration mice using photoacoustic tomography GUAN XU This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8735186/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We established a photoacoustic tomography and ultrasound imaging system capable of resolving visually evoked hemodynamic responses in the cortical and subcortical visual regions of the brains of freely behaving mice. By searching for anatomical landmarks in the US imaging planes, we can locate brain regions of interest and continuously record HR in these regions. The system was examined using a 100-minute-long vision research protocol in wild-type mice and mice with vision deficits. We found that: 1) visually evoked HR amplitudes increase as visual stimulation intensity increases in both scotopic and photopic conditions; and 2) HR amplitudes increase during the light adaptation time course. Biomedical Engineering Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8735186","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":582682116,"identity":"9099be33-8ca3-4dee-82a9-c195cb871952","order_by":0,"name":"GUAN XU","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAArElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCCgYGNgYeBhBJLDhDshbGNhBJrBb5iORnj3nnHY7mYz97gOFD2WHCWgxvpJkbztx2OLeNJy+BccY5YrTMSDCT+AjSIsFjwMzbRpSW9G8SiXOgWv4So0VeIgdoSwNUCyMxWgx43pRJzjiWDvRLjsHBnnPpRNjSnr5NmqfGOnd++xnDBz/KrImw5QAS5wAORWi2NBClbBSMglEwCkY0AACiKTePaBC7eQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-7987","institution":"University of Michigan","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"GUAN","middleName":"","lastName":"XU","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-29 21:17:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8735186/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8735186/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102296697,"identity":"96a3f3dd-2ac9-4261-ab3a-e89b9682a2b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-10 10:20:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2509865,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manufreemoving.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8735186/v1_covered_3edf1abc-6c3c-4b31-adc2-525e0c028a5e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDetecting visual deficits in retinal degeneration mice using photoacoustic tomography\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8735186/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8735186/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWe established a photoacoustic tomography and ultrasound imaging system capable of resolving visually evoked hemodynamic responses in the cortical and subcortical visual regions of the brains of freely behaving mice. 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