Can exercise games interventions improve cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life in older people with frailty and pre- frailty syndrome?

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Maria Magdalena Bujnowska-Fedak, Mateusz Sobieski, Martyna Pałys, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7830163/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Exergames represent an emerging area of research in the rehabilitation of individuals with frailty. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of exergames on the cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life of 65 + older adults with frailty and pre-frailty syndrome. Moreover, the study assessed participants’ motivational awareness and satisfaction with the exergaming intervention, focusing on the fulfillment of their personal needs and the overall perceived quality of the program. Methods The study was conducted in 111 patients (31 men, 80 women) aged 65–89 who volunteered for a rehabilitation program. A standardized training program (endurance training with elements of resistance and balance exercises, as well as memory and visual-spatial orientation) was carried out with the use of the innovative ActivLife rehabilitation system, supported by the VRTherapist application and Kinect technology. The participants exercised under the supervision of an instructor for at least 30 minutes twice a week for a period of 6 weeks. Results The study showed that exergame-based intervention led to meaningful improvements in cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life among older adults with varying levels of frailty. Frail individuals experienced an increase in their MoCA scores, rising from a mean of 22.47 to 24.09 (p = 0.001, power = 0.91). Similar enhancements were observed in the pre-frail group (p = 0.001, power = 0.97) and the robust group ( p < 0.001, power = 0.99). The study also demonstrated a significant reduction in depression symptoms after exergames intervention in all study groups (GDS scale: frailty p = 0.015, pre-frailty p = 0.023, robust p = 0.001, respectively). Quality of life also improved, most prominently in pre-frail participants (p < 0.001), who reported benefits in both physical and mental dimensions (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004 respectively). In addition to clinical effects, the intervention increased motivation and overall satisfaction of participants. Conclusions The study confirms the general usefulness of implementing of exergames rehabilitation program in older adults. Since exercise game interventions for frail older adults are a new area of research, more research is needed to compare the effectiveness of such form of intervention with other methods of motor-cognitive skills training. Trial registration: This study has been retrospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database and has been assigned the ID NCT07036224 exergaming exergames frailty older adults primary care cognitive abilities psychological frailty satisfaction quality of life Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction The high rates of functional disability and cognitive impairment among older adults represent one of the most urgent public health challenges facing today's healthcare system. Frailty, a multifaceted syndrome characterized by a decline in physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, may elevate the risk of cognitive decline, including conditions such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia [ 1 – 5 ]. Conversely, cognitive impairment may also contribute to an increased risk of developing frailty [ 3 , 5 – 7 ]. In the context of mental health, frailty may be associated with cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. Individuals experiencing psychological frailty might exhibit reduced resilience to stress, difficulties coping with everyday challenges, and impaired decision-making abilities, which can further exacerbate their overall health and well-being [ 8 ]. The psychological dimensions of frailty can additionally diminish quality of life [ 9 – 11 ]. Frail individuals often experience feelings of hopelessness, social isolation, and a diminished sense of purpose, which may exacerbate both mental and physical limitations [ 11 – 13 ]. Consequently, understanding and addressing the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of frailty is essential for developing comprehensive care strategies aimed at enhancing well-being, mitigating the impact of frailty, and improving quality of life among older populations [ 3 , 10 , 14 , 15 ]. A new area of research in the rehabilitation of people with frailty syndrome are exercise games interventions (exergames), which enable simultaneous physical and cognitive skills training [ 16 ]. Exergaming combines physical exercise with cognitive stimulation in a virtual environment [ 17 ]. It involves technology-driven physical activities, that requires players to do physical exercises to play a video game [ 18 ]. Exergame-based training offers several benefits compared to traditional motor-cognitive training. It delivers structured and scalable exercises with multisensory feedback and allows for repetitive practice in a stimulating and standardized environment, which can support skill development and promote neuroplasticity [ 16 , 17 ]. According to the ‘guided plasticity facilitation framework’, combining physical and cognitive exercises promotes neuroplasticity through synergistic interactions [ 19 – 21 ]. Physical exercise exerts a facilitating effect, enhancing neuroplasticity via physiological mechanisms such as increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. BDNF acts as a key mediator in synaptogenesis and neurogenesis which may foster improved cognition [ 21 – 23 ]. In parallel, cognitive exercises provide a ‘guiding effect’, offering targeted stimulation that directs and shapes these neural changes. The “guidance effects” of cognitive exercises probably initiate distinct survival mechanisms of newborn cells which are presumably part of a complex, multi-step mechanism that depends on the stimulation of the newly generated synapses or neurons [ 19 , 21 ]. Although some studies question the synergistic benefits of simultaneous motor and cognitive training [ 24 , 25 ], this combined approach is currently considered as one of the most effective strategy for improving cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, both with and without cognitive impairment [ 26 – 29 ]. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that high-complexity activities, such as exergames, may induce more significant changes in perceptual-cognitive domains compared to low-complexity activities, which are primarily designed to enhance physical or physiological functions [ 30 , 31 ]. Exergaming has been identified as an engaging form of exercise that can encourage individuals with frailty to increase their physical activity. It simultaneously stimulates both physical and perceptual-cognitive functions and is often perceived as more motivating than conventional, repetitive exercise routines [ 30 , 32 – 35 ]. Exergames provide immediate feedback, and physical demands can be progressively adjusted by modifying the game's difficulty level [ 30 , 36 , 37 ]. However, most commercially available games are primarily designed for younger users, making their complex interfaces and interactions less accessible and practical for older adults [ 38 – 40 ]. For exergames to be effective in frail adults, the movements required during gameplay must have specific characteristics that align with the targeted functional outcomes [ 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 ]. It is thus essential that motion-based video games designed for older adults are developed in collaboration with specialists in neurology and rehabilitation [ 36 , 41 , 42 ]. There is convincing evidence regarding the effects of exergames on muscle strength [ 30 , 43 – 45 ], balance [ 30 , 34 , 43 , 45 , 46 ], functional mobility [ 30 , 34 , 45 , 47 , 48 ], fall rate reduction [ 30 , 37 , 45 , 46 ] and cognition in older adults [ 5 , 7 , 16 , 30 , 49 ]. On the other hand, intervention studies of exergaming in frailty population are scant and few studies have investigated the effects of exergaming on mental functions in frail older adults [ 45 , 50 ]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of exergames on the cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life of 65 + older adults with frailty and pre-frailty syndrome. Moreover, the study assessed participants’ motivational awareness and satisfaction with the exergaming intervention, focusing on the fulfillment of their personal needs and the overall perceived quality of the program. Material and methods Prior to the initiation of the research project, the study design was reviewed and approved by the Bioethics Committee of Wroclaw Medical University (Approval No. 172/2019, dated March 5, 2019). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study procedures adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments. This study has been retrospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database on June 29, 2025 and has been assigned the ID NCT07036224. Participants The study was conducted between March 2022 and November 2024 at a primary healthcare clinic (Model Family Practice under auspices of Wroclaw Medical University) in Wroclaw, Poland. This project extended the preliminary research previously conducted by JW as part of her doctoral dissertation [ 51 ]. Participants were recruited through advertisements posted in the primary healthcare clinic and actively by physicians during medical visits. All participants provided written informed consent and were informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. Data collection adhered to strict confidentiality protocols to ensure participant anonymity. Inclusion criteria consisted of being over the age of 64 and having no medical contraindications to performing physical exercise in a standing position. Exclusion criteria included a diagnosis of moderate to severe dementia or the presence of uncontrolled or exacerbated chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, heart failure, or arterial hypertension. Training program Participants completed a standardized six-week training program utilizing the Activlife rehabilitation platform, designed specifically for exergames. This platform facilitates physical activity in a standing position while offering additional safety through a stabilization system consisting of a supportive harness with an integrated seat. The system incorporates a Kinect motion sensor (model 1520 manufactured by Microsoft) to monitor movement and ensure correct exercise execution. The training was delivered via the VRTherapist application, developed for the Activlife platform (made by Alreh Medical) [ 52 ]. This application features a series of interactive, movement-based games aimed at promoting rehabilitation and enhancing functional abilities. The training protocol included endurance exercises, general fitness routines incorporating resistance elements, balance and stability training, and cognitive tasks focused on memory and visuospatial processing, see Fig. 1 . Each exercise session comprised a series of seven exergames targeting a range of physical movements, including abduction, adduction, elevation and lowering of the upper and lower limbs, upper limb rotation, spinal flexion, rotation and oblique movements, as well as fine motor control of the hands. Examples of game tasks included imitating the posture of an on-screen avatar, collecting virtual objects using body movements, and simulating the flight of a spacecraft. Two exergames were focused especially on cognitive stimulation through logic-based challenges, such as solving simple arithmetic problems or completing visual puzzles. Training sessions were conducted under the supervision of a qualified instructor and lasted 30 minutes, twice per week, over the six-week period. The difficulty and intensity of the exergames were adjusted approximately every two weeks by researchers JW and MF, based on each participant’s progress and functional capacity, to maintain engagement and prevent monotony. Assessment Instruments Participants were assessed both prior to the initiation of the training program and upon its completion using the diagnostic tools described below. Anthropometric assessment Anthropometric evaluations included measurements of height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and arm circumference. Body composition variables such as body fat percentage and muscle mass were assessed using the InBody 270 analyzer (model BPM040S12F07 manufactured by BridgePower Corp.), which employs bioelectrical impedance analysis. Handgrip strength was measured with a Jamar hand dynamometer (manufactured by Sammons Preston Rolyan). All measurements were conducted both at baseline (prior to the exercise intervention) and upon completion of the program. Fried frailty criteria Frailty was evaluated using the frailty phenotype model developed by Fried et al. [ 1 ]. This assessment comprises five criteria: (1) unintentional weight loss of more than 5 kg or 10% of body weight within the past year, (2) reduced handgrip strength, (3) slowed gait speed, (4) self-reported exhaustion, and (5) low physical activity. Each criterion met was assigned one point, yielding a cumulative frailty score ranging from 0 to 5. Exhaustion was assessed using items 7 and 20 of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [ 53 ]. Participants who responded "yes, for a short time" or "yes, for a moderate time" to either item received one point for the exhaustion criterion. The physical activity criterion was evaluated using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Participants who reported insufficient physical activity levels according to IPAQ-SF scoring guidelines were assigned one point. Threshold values for handgrip strength and gait speed used to determine weakness and slowness, respectively, are detailed in Table 1 . Table 1 Threshold values for assigning points in Fried frailty scale for gait slowing and muscle weakness [ 1 ] Gait slowing Time to walk a distance of 4.6 meters measured in seconds [s] (adjusted for height [cm]). Handgrip strength (adjusted for BMI kg/m 2 ) Female Male Female Male Height Time Height Time BMI Handgrip strength BMI Handgrip strength ≤ 159 cm ≥ 7s ≤ 173 cm ≥ 7s ≤ 23 ≤ 17,0 kg ≤ 24 ≤ 29 kg 23,1–26 ≤ 17,3 kg 24,1–26 ≤ 30 kg > 159 cm ≥ 6s > 173 cm ≥ 6s 26,1–28 ≤ 18 kg 26,1–28 ≤ 30 kg > 29 ≤ 21 kg > 28 ≤ 32 kg Frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried phenotype model, with a diagnosis established when an individual met three or more of the five defined criteria. Participants who met one or two criteria were classified as pre-frail, while those who did not meet any were categorized as robust. Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used self-report screening instrument designed to assess symptoms associated with depression. The scale comprises 20 items, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3, evaluating cognitive, affective, and somatic dimensions of depressive symptomatology. Total scores range from 0 to 60, with a cut-off score of 15 or above indicating an increased risk for depressive disorders [ 54 ]. The CES-D is considered a sensitive and specific tool for the screening of depressive symptoms in various populations. A validated Polish version of the CES-D was introduced in 2013, ensuring its cultural and linguistic appropriateness for the present study population [ 55 ]. International Physical Activity Questionnaire - short version The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess the level of physical activity of the respondent and is also available in the Polish language version [ 56 , 57 ]. In this study, the short form of the questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) was used to evaluate physical activity. This version consists of 7 questions concerning different types of physical activities that are part of daily life and last for at least 10 minutes at a time. Energy expenditure was expressed in METs (Metabolic Equivalent of Work): walking − 3.3, moderate activity − 4.0, vigorous activity − 8.0. Physical activity levels were classified as low ( 1500). Geriatric Depression Scale The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a screening diagnostic tool developed by Yesavage et al. for the self-assessment of depression in older adults [ 58 ]. The short version of the questionnaire used in this study consists of 15 simple yes-or-no questions. The tool demonstrates relatively high sensitivity and specificity when a score of 6 or more points is adopted as the cut-off value indicating an increased risk of depression in the elderly population [ 59 ]. Montreal Cognitive Assessment The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a screening tool used for the detection of mild cognitive impairment and is also available in a validated Polish version [ 60 , 61 ]. It consists of 8 categories of tasks assessing various cognitive domains, including visuospatial and executive functions, language, verbal fluency, attention, naming, short-term memory, abstraction, and allopsychic orientation. A total score of less than 26 points indicates the presence of mild cognitive impairment. Short Form (36) Health Survey The Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) is a research tool used to assess health-related quality of life. It consists of 36 questions evaluating 8 dimensions of quality of life [ 62 ]: physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical health problems (role physical – RP), intensity of pain and its impact on daily life (bodily pain – BP), general health perception (GH), energy level, fatigue, and exhaustion (vitality – VT), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to emotional problems (role emotional – RE), and mental health (MH). Additionally, the survey assesses the general health status compared to the previous year. The above categories are combined into two summary domains: the physical health component (Physical Component Summary – PCS), calculated as the average score from PF, RP, BP, and GH; and the mental health component (Mental Health Summary – MCS), calculated as the average of VT, SF, RE, and MH scores. After calculating the scores from all 8 dimensions according to specific guidelines, the final result ranges from 0 to 100 points, where a lower score indicates better quality of life. Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives An Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO) is a self-report questionnaire developed in 2015 by Lipowski and Zaleski [ 63 ]. It consists of 16 items, of which 13 concern the participant’s characteristics and current physical activity behaviors. The remaining three item sets are presented on a Likert scale (1–5; 1 = “I do not agree at all” to 5 = “I fully agree”) and refer to three domains: the characteristics of the participant’s environment in terms of supporting physical activity behaviors (5 items), the perceived importance of physical activity benefits (13 items), and the individual's goal orientation regarding physical activity (18 items). Responses are grouped into five scales: motivational value, understood as the extent to which physical activity goals influence behavior; time management, reflecting the degree of planning, scheduling, and organizing time for physical activity; persistence in action, which captures efficiency and perseverance in pursuing goals as well as the ability to overcome difficulties; motivational conflict, referring to the level of conflict between physical activity goals and other personal objectives; and multidimensionality of goals, indicating the overall importance assigned to the endorsed goals. Higher scores indicate greater engagement and stronger motivation to achieve physical activity-related goals within each of the assessed subdomains. In our study, raw scores were used in the statistical analyses without converting them to standardized (sten) scores to simplify the analytical procedure. Questionnaire for assessing satisfaction with participation in the training program An original questionnaire was created to evaluate participant satisfaction with a physical activity program. It consists of 8 closed-ended questions based on Likert scale (from 1 to 4) focusing on various aspects of the program experience, including overall quality, fulfillment of expectations and needs, perceived health benefits, and satisfaction with provided support and exercises. Additionally, the questionnaire assesses participants' willingness to recommend the program and their interest in future participation. Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were conducted using R software version 4.4.2. For intergroup comparisons, participants were categorized into subgroups based on frailty status as defined by the Fried et al. criteria: robust, pre-frail, and frail. The effects of the exergaming-based training program were analyzed by examining changes in scores on diagnostic tools assessing mental abilities, depressive symptoms and quality of life within each frailty subcategory (robust, frailty, pre-frailty). Further stratified analyses were performed by sex, age, and education level when statistically significant differences were observed between pre- and post-intervention measurements. To assess the influence of age, participants were divided into two groups: younger (< 75 years) and older (≥ 75 years). Similarly, education level was categorized as lower education (vocational or secondary education) and higher education. Missing data were not imputed, and no adjustments were made to supplement the dataset during statistical analysis. The distribution of quantitative variables was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality. As only a limited number of variables followed a normal distribution, nonparametric tests were employed in subsequent analyses. The association between quantitative and qualitative variables was assessed using the pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test. Differences in quantitative variables measured before and after the intervention were also evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Associations between qualitative variables were examined using Fisher’s exact test of independence. The results of the satisfaction survey were analyzed with the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test where applicable. A level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In all result tables, statistically significant p-values are presented in bold. Since the number of participants did not reach the minimum sample size required to ensure a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error for the Polish population (calculated as 139), the statistical power was estimated with G*Power for those cases where the results were statistically significant [ 64 ]. Results Out of 642 patients from the outpatient clinic where the study was conducted, 186 consented to participate (see Fig. 2 ) and were subsequently classified into frailty, pre-frailty, or robust subgroups according to the criteria of Fried and colleagues, as detailed in the Methods section. Ultimately, 111 participants completed the full exercise program and all required diagnostic assessments, see Fig. 2 . There was 80 women (72.07%) and 31 men included in the study. The mean age was 75.17 years (SD = 5.89). In terms of education, the majority had either secondary education (N = 56, 50.9%) or higher education (N = 47, 43.3%). Participants were recruited through clinic-based advertisements and direct physician referrals during routine medical visits. Withdrawal reasons (in total = 75) varied across studied subgroups. In frail participants who withdrawn (n = 53), the primary causes were exacerbation of chronic diseases (n = 22) and logistical barriers (e.g., access difficulties (n = 6), caregiver time constraints (n = 5)). Health issues also dominated withdrawals among pre-frail individuals (n = 16), although to a lesser extent (n = 6). In contrast, robust participants (n = 11) primarily cited personal and motivational factors, such as lack of time (n = 4) and family responsibilities (n = 3). Participant Classification According to Fried’s Frailty Criteria A total of 186 participants were initially enrolled and classified into one of three subgroups—frail, pre-frail, or robust—based on the frailty phenotype model proposed by Fried et al., as outlined in the Methods section. Ultimately, 111 participants (59.7%) completed the full six-week training program. Adherence rates differed significantly across frailty subgroups. These differences in completion rates are detailed in Table 2 , which illustrates a statistically significant variation in retention depending on frailty status. Table 2 Number of participants who started and completed the research intervention and adherence rate in individual frailty subgroups among study participants Subgroup Initial number of participants in the subgroup Number of participants who completed the research intervention Adherence rate Frailty 87 34 39.1% Pre-frailty 52 41 78.8% Robust 47 36 76.6% Demographic data of the group that completed the full training cycle — including age, sex, and education level — divided by subgroups, are presented in Tables 3 and 4 . Table 3 Age distribution of participants within the examined subgroups before the training program Subcategory n Mean age (in years) SD vs p frailty 34 79.12 5.07 frailty : pre-frailty 0.001 pre-frailty 41 74.34 6.04 frailty : robust < 0.001 robust 36 72.33 4.22 pre-frailty : robust 0.156 Note. p - value of pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test Table 4 Distribution of sex and education level of participants within the examined subgroups Variable frailty pre-frailty robust p n % n % n % Sex Female 23 67.6 33 80.5 24 66.7 0.315 Male 11 32.4 8 19.5 12 33.3 Education Professional education 1 2.9 1 2.4 5 14.3 0.091 Secondary education 18 52.9 18 43.9 20 57.1 Higher education 15 44.1 22 53.7 10 28.6 Note. p - value of the Fisher's exact test Statistically significant differences in age distribution were observed between the frailty and pre-frailty groups (p = 0.001), as well as between the frailty and robust groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference was identified between the pre-frailty and robust groups (p = 0.156). These findings indicate that individuals classified as frail were significantly older than those in the pre-frail and robust categories at baseline. No statistically significant differences were found in educational attainment or gender distribution across the frailty subgroups. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons of the measured variables within each frailty subgroup are presented in Table 5 . For all variables where a statistically significant difference was detected (p < 0.05), the statistical power of the corresponding test is provided in parentheses. Table 5. Changes in individual examined parameters within subgroups resulting from the completed training cycle Variable Frailty (N = 34) Pre-frailty (N = 41) Robust (N = 36) Before training After training W p (power) Before training After training W p (power) Before training After training W p (power) mean SD mean SD Mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD Total CES-D (0-80 pts) 10.53 4.75 10.65 6.92 251 0.137 7.15 4.05 5.85 3.77 376.5 0.001 (0.97) 4.17 3.68 3.58 3.57 203 0.012 (0.74) Total MoCA (0-30 pts) 22.47 3.97 24.09 4.21 94.5 0.001 (0.91) 24.68 3.42 25.95 2.55 66 0.001 (0.97) 25.06 2.54 26.44 1.75 35.5 <0.001 (0.99) Total GDS (0-15 pts) 5 1.54 4.56 1.67 126.5 0.015 (0.74) 3.02 1.56 2.76 1.32 121 0.023 (0.65) 2.31 1.65 1.89 1.41 78 0.001 (0.99) Total SF-36 Quality of Life Index 83.71 23.84 76.71 28.29 376 0.037 (0.57) 59.93 25.33 51 21.35 614.5 <0.001 (0.99) 29.47 12.59 26.75 15.36 487 0.001 (0.92) Physical dimension of quality of life 50.82 17.67 48.21 19.45 312 0.104 37.22 17.76 31.7 15.61 537.5 0.001 (0.91) 15.83 7.68 15.39 9.79 273 0.231 Mental dimension of quality of life 32.82 10.03 28.5 12.09 376 0.012 (0.73) 22.63 11.38 19.3 9.82 465.5 0.004 (0.83) 13.64 6.5 11.36 7.06 510.5 <0.001 (0.97) Motivational value 25.42 4.69 29.43 3.22 25 0.001 (0.96) 28.34 4.04 32 3.4 24 <0.001 (0.99) 9.77 4.29 33.22 4.32 25 <0.001 (0.99) Time management 12.42 3.13 14.5 3.12 39.5 0.005 (0.81) 14.45 3 16.21 2.94 89 0.003 (0.86) 15.0 3.66 16.34 3.70 108 0.03 (0.61) Persistence in action 8 2.35 8.42 2.36 66 0.247 8.09 2.08 8.94 1.7 101.5 0.02 (0.69) 6.97 1.82 6.84 2.05 200 0.536 Motivational conflict 4.25 1.73 3.96 1.4 67 0.704 4.82 1.38 4.91 1.42 116 0.739 5.09 1.61 5.69 1.87 57.5 0.021 (0.68) Multidimensionality of goals 36.26 9.36 38 7.69 23.5 0.04 (0.55) 41.56 8.8 43.09 7.64 84 0.06 43.75 7.29 44.68 7.71 90 0.241 Table 5 . Changes in individual examined parameters within subgroups resulting from the completed training cycle. [Table 5 ] Note ( W, p ) - statistic and p-value of Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples. The effects of the training program were analyzed separately within subgroups of participants classified according to frailty status: frail, pre-frail, and robust. Several statistically significant changes were observed, particularly in cognitive, emotional, and motivational domains, although patterns varied between subgroups. Cognitive Functioning Scores on the MoCA improved significantly in all three subgroups. Frail individuals showed an increase from a mean of 22.47 (SD = 3.97) to 24.09 (SD = 4.21; p = 0.001, power = 0.91). Similar improvements were noted in the pre-frail (mean change: 24.68 to 25.95; p = 0.001, power = 0.97) and robust groups (25.06 to 26.44; p < 0.001, power = 0.99). Depressive Symptoms GDS revealed a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms in all groups. Frail participants experienced a decline from 5.00 to 4.56 (p = 0.015, power = 0.74), while the pre-frail and robust groups also showed reductions (p = 0.023 and p = 0.001, respectively). For the CES-D, however, improvements were significant only in the pre-frail group (p = 0.001, power = 0.97) and robust group (p = 0.012, power = 0.74), with no significant change in the frail subgroup. Quality of Life A significant decrease in the overall SF-36 Quality of Life Index was observed across all subgroups meaning improvement in quality of life. In frail individuals, the total score declined from 83.71 to 76.71 (p = 0.037, power = 0.57), while even more pronounced decreases were found in the pre-frail and robust groups (59.93 to 51, p < 0.001 and 29.47 to 26.57, p = 0.001, respectively). The physical and mental dimensions of quality of life also showed subgroup-specific improvement. In the pre-frail group, both dimensions scores decreased significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively), and in the robust group, mental well-being was particularly improved (p < 0.001, power = 0.97). No significant change was noted in the physical component among the frail and robust individuals. Motivation and goal orientation related to physical activity Motivational value increased significantly in all subgroups, with the most substantial change observed in robust participants (mean increase from 9.77 to 33.22; p < 0.001, power = 0.99). Time management skills regarding maintaining physical activity also improved significantly in all groups, but the observed changes were less pronounced. Persistence in action improved significantly only in the pre-frail subgroup (p = 0.02, power = 0.69). Interestingly, motivational conflict increased significantly in the robust group (p = 0.021, power = 0.68). A statistically significant increase in the multidimensionality of goals was observed only in the frail group (p = 0.04, power = 0.55), while no meaningful changes were detected in the pre-frail or robust subgroups. Changes in individual parameters (within age, sex and educational subgroups) resulting from the completed training cycle For variables exhibiting statistically significant differences before and after the training program, further subgroup analyses were conducted according to participants' age, sex, and level of educational attainment, see Table 6 . Table 6 Changes in individual examined parameters within age, sex and educational subgroups (also divided by frailty status subgroups) resulting from the completed training cycle Change in the variable before/after the training program Variable Category Total (N = 111) Frailty (N = 34) Pre-frailty (N = 41) Robust (N = 36) mean SD W p (power) mean SD W p (power) mean SD W p (power) mean SD W p (power) Total CES-D (0–80 pts) sex female -0.75 3.35 1180 0.689 -0.04 5.17 137 0.709 -1.33 2.34 136 0.906 -0.62 2.08 107 0.201 male -0.32 3.75 0.45 6.22 -1.12 1.46 -0.50 0.90 age younger -0.75 3.47 1380 0.423 0.00 5.04 136.5 0.915 -1.91 2.54 146 0.095 -0.42 2.19 169.5 0.804 older -0.48 3.46 0.29 6.16 -0.58 1.43 -0.76 1.15 education lower -0.81 3.23 1476.5 0.831 -0.32 5.11 124 0.527 -1.42 2.65 211 0.968 -0.72 1.28 138 1 higher -0.40 3.75 0.67 5.96 -1.18 1.74 -0.27 2.61 Total MoCA (0–30 pts) sex female 1.32 2.19 1193.5 0.758 1.61 2.93 139.5 0.641 1.09 1.99 104.5 0.367 1.38 1.61 144 1 male 1.65 2.04 1.64 2.20 2.00 2.39 1.42 1.78 age younger 1.62 1.99 1648 0.412 1.25 2.61 113 0.347 1.41 2.34 212 0.947 1.58 1.64 180 0.554 older 1.15 2.33 2.14 2.80 1.11 1.76 1.18 1.67 education lower 1.71 2.25 1875.5 0.028 (0.55) 1.68 2.73 161 0.526 1.79 2.59 253 0.248 1.68 1.55 197 0.036 (0.44) higher 1.02 1.96 1.53 2.72 0.82 1.40 0.73 1.74 Total GDS (0–15 pts) sex female -0.40 0.79 1135 0.437 -0.39 0.99 141.5 0.563 -0.33 0.74 99.5 0.233 -0.50 0.66 111 0.189 male -0.29 0.69 -0.55 0.82 0.00 0.53 -0.25 0.62 age younger -0.30 0.66 1663.5 0.309 -0.35 0.75 167.5 0.307 -0.14 0.77 252.5 0.203 -0.37 0.60 170.5 0.745 older -0.46 0.87 -0.57 1.16 -0.42 0.61 -0.47 0.72 education lower -0.43 0.80 1365.5 0.325 -0.53 1.07 122.5 0.464 -0.37 0.68 179.5 0.39 -0.40 0.65 143.5 0.82 higher -0.29 0.71 -0.33 0.72 -0.18 0.73 -0.45 0.69 Total SF-36 Quality of Life Index sex female -6.44 14.94 1146 0.604 -10.74 22.75 98.5 0.311 -6.69 10.83 142.5 0.636 -2.00 8.02 148 0.906 male -4.52 16.06 0.82 19.68 -12.38 18.81 -4.17 7.25 age younger -4.54 13.42 1664.5 0.267 -9.25 23.18 118.5 0.462 -8.41 14.90 192 0.881 -1.21 8.02 177 0.632 older -7.72 17.31 -3.79 21.12 -7.11 9.83 -4.41 7.26 education lower -4.16 12.84 1728 0.148 -1.84 16.01 176.5 0.244 -8.50 16.21 202 0.924 -2.80 4.54 158 0.489 higher -8.15 17.70 -13.53 27.38 -7.27 9.36 -2.55 12.64 Physical dimension of quality of life sex female -2.24 8.68 1237.5 0.934 -2.65 12.42 128.5 0.956 -3.59 7.13 150.5 0.456 -0.04 5.64 135 0.773 male -3.94 11.22 -2.55 11.78 -9.88 15.92 -1.25 4.54 age younger -2.16 8.66 1623 0.389 -5.25 12.30 99.5 0.161 -5.45 10.75 189 0.817 0.95 5.82 201 0.212 older -3.47 10.46 1.14 11.00 -4.11 8.27 -2.00 4.20 education lower -2.11 9.41 1606 0.477 0.42 9.57 165.5 0.434 -7.06 12.69 171 0.47 -0.48 4.00 157 0.509 higher -3.50 9.54 -6.47 13.98 -3.05 5.81 -0.36 7.65 Mental dimension of quality of life sex female -4.14 9.47 1016.5 0.167 -8.00 13.15 55.5 0.009 (0.65) -3.00 8.59 126.5 0.973 -1.96 4.16 168.5 0.414 male -0.58 7.21 3.36 9.76 -2.50 5.10 -2.92 3.82 age younger -2.38 7.01 1674 0.242 -4.05 12.19 154 0.636 -2.95 7.88 220.5 0.548 -2.16 4.03 150.5 0.736 older -4.15 11.13 -4.71 14.91 -2.83 8.28 -2.41 4.14 education lower -2.00 8.30 1763 0.097 -2.26 11.05 165.5 0.434 -1.28 10.00 247.5 0.181 -2.32 3.47 157.5 0.497 higher -4.60 9.73 -6.93 15.43 -4.23 5.71 -2.18 5.27 Motivational value sex female 3.46 3.51 611 0.364 3.69 4.06 53.5 0.893 3.65 3.68 50.5 0.448 3.00 2.85 86.5 0.447 male 3.91 4.02 3.43 4.12 5.20 2.77 3.64 4.61 age younger 3.86 3.21 956 0.294 3.47 4.43 49 0.916 4.44 3.24 138 0.408 3.41 3.43 101 0.704 older 3.15 4.22 4.00 2.61 3.15 3.95 3.00 3.79 education lower 3.68 3.64 878.5 0.939 4.91 3.88 93.5 0.094 4.00 3.44 109.5 0.777 2.91 3.60 58.5 0.287 higher 3.46 3.67 2.42 3.85 3.83 3.73 4.29 3.30 Persistense in action sex female 0.50 2.00 848.5 0.658 0.56 2.37 54 0.919 0.62 1.86 71 0.383 0.32 1.96 159 0.147 male 0.32 2.29 0.86 2.54 1.57 1.72 -0.82 2.04 age younger 0.48 1.97 942.5 0.959 0.69 2.77 54 0.919 1.17 1.79 169.5 0.212 -0.28 1.71 101 0.345 older 0.53 2.14 0.57 1.13 0.40 1.88 0.50 2.18 education lower 0.00 1.94 713 0.029 (0.47) 0.18 1.94 54.5 0.495 0.67 1.76 130.5 0.883 -0.50 1.98 55.5 0.033 (0.71) higher 1.03 2.12 1.08 2.71 0.94 1.95 1.11 1.76 Motivational conflict sex female 0.27 1.21 807.5 0.825 0.19 1.11 82.5 0.253 0.04 1.15 70 0.352 0.59 1.33 112.5 0.752 male -0.08 2.00 -1.25 2.49 0.29 1.98 0.55 1.29 age younger 0.13 1.69 945 0.941 -0.29 2.02 68.5 0.576 -0.28 1.41 88.5 0.087 0.89 1.45 160 0.188 older 0.19 1.14 -0.29 1.11 0.53 1.13 0.14 1.03 education lower -0.06 1.53 754.5 0.044 (0.42) -0.75 1.66 41.5 0.072 -0.60 1.35 61.5 0.007 (0.81) 0.62 1.31 122 0.572 higher 0.46 1.37 0.17 1.85 0.67 1.03 0.44 1.33 Time management sex female 1.86 2.66 899.5 0.466 2.62 1.63 79 0.367 1.96 2.14 131.5 0.074 1.14 3.64 75 0.109 male 1.00 3.25 1.00 4.31 -0.14 3.24 1.73 2.37 age younger 1.63 3.02 917 0.816 2.00 3.12 57.5 0.923 1.89 2.71 171 0.166 2.89 3.20 215.5 0.001 (0.89) older 1.57 2.63 2.29 2.14 1.00 2.22 -0.64 1.98 education lower 1.78 2.78 972 0.983 1.83 1.59 49 0.186 2.20 2.51 178.5 0.115 1.50 3.40 100 0.878 higher 1.37 2.97 2.33 3.75 0.94 2.44 0.88 2.80 Multidimensionality of goals sex female 1.39 4.60 758 0.659 1.93 4.45 54.5 0.741 1.74 4.43 108 0.574 0.50 5.03 89.5 0.402 male 1.50 3.65 1.62 3.07 0.71 4.15 1.91 3.96 age younger 1.11 4.22 883.5 0.706 1.88 4.34 46 0.747 0.89 3.70 131 0.699 1.24 5.33 133.5 0.573 older 1.89 4.49 1.67 2.88 2.33 5.05 0.71 3.87 education lower 1.65 4.46 1001.5 0.698 1.73 2.94 68.5 0.9 2.40 4.47 162.5 0.492 1.13 5.10 86.5 0.819 higher 1.13 4.19 1.92 4.83 0.84 4.22 0.62 3.34 Table 6 . Changes in individual examined parameters within age, sex and educational subgroups (also divided by frailty status subgroups) resulting from the completed training cycle [PLACE FOR Table 6 ] Note The table presents the mean differences in outcomes within each subgroup before and after the training program. ( W, p ) - statistic and p-value of Wilcoxon signed rank test Overall, changes in psychological and quality of life variables measured as a result of the training program, adjusted for age, gender, and education, were generally modest, with few statistically significant improvements observed across subgroups. Cognitive Functioning Participants demonstrated a small but consistent increase in MoCA scores across most subgroups, with the largest gains observed among men and those with lower education. While many p-values did not reach significance, the increase in MoCA scores among participants with lower education was statistically significant (p = 0.028, power = 0.55) in the total group and also within the robust subgroup (p = 0.036, power = 0.44). Depressive Symptoms There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms (CES-D or GDS scores) following the intervention across any frailty category regarding sex, age, or education subgroup. Quality of Life Changes in the overall SF-36 index and its subdimensions in these subgroups were generally negative or negligible. The mental component of quality of life showed a statistically significant decrease among pre-frail women (mean change = -8.00, p = 0.009, power = 0.65). Other groups showed no meaningful improvements or declines, with low effect sizes and nonsignificant results. Motivation and goal orientation related to physical activity Moderate improvements in motivational value and multidimensionality of goals as assessed in IPAO were observed across most subgroups, but these did not reach statistical significance. Changes were more pronounced in men and participants with lower education, but again without sufficient statistical support. Gains in time management were reported in several subgroups, with particularly notable improvement in younger, robust individuals (mean change = 2.89, p = 0.001, power = 0.89). Significant differences according persistence in action and motivational conflict were observed only in relation to education level of subjects. Participants with higher level of education demonstrated greater post-training improvement in persistence in action, while those with lower education showed smaller gains or even decreases in both persistence and motivational conflict. Satisfaction with participation in the exergaming program Finally, the satisfaction and contentment with participation in this study was assessed among the respondents. After completing the training program, participants were asked to complete an eight-question survey regarding, among others, satisfaction with needs, subjective assessment of health improvement, satisfaction with participation, and willingness to participate again. Table 7 Participants satisfaction and perceived outcomes following an exergaming program Question Answers n % χ 2 df p How do you evaluate the quality of the conducted program? averagely 1 0.9 128.75 2 < 0.001 good 17 15.5 very good 92 83.6 Did the program meet your expectations? rather no 1 0.9 74.964 2 < 0.001 rather yes 34 30.9 definetely yes 75 68.2 To what extent has the physical activity program fulfilled your needs? any of my needs were satisfied 1 0.9 82.145 3 < 0.001 only some of my needs were satisfied 7 6.4 most of needs were satisfied 47 42.7 all my needs were satisfied 55 50.0 Would you recommend a similar program to your friends? definetely not 1 0.9 141.51 2 < 0.001 rather yes 14 12.7 definetely yes 95 86.4 How satisfied are you with the support you received during program? satisfied 39 35.5 9.309 1 0.002 very satisfied 71 64.5 Has your health improved as a result of the program? without any changes 33 30.0 10.491 2 0.005 improved 52 47.3 improved significantly 25 22.7 How satisfied are you with the exercises performed? satisfied 37 33.6 11.78 1 0.001 very satisfied 73 66.4 If given the opportunity, would you participate in such a program again? rather no 2 1.8 98.255 2 < 0.001 rather yes 24 21.8 definetely yes 84 76.4 Note. The table does not include the options that could be selected in the survey if none of the respondents selected them. (χ 2 , df, p) - statistic, degree of freedom and p-value of Chi-squared test Most respondents (83.6%) rated the program quality as “very good,” while 15.5% considered it “good” and only 0.9% “average” (χ² = 128.75, p < 0.001), indicating a highly favorable perception of the intervention. Similarly, 68.2% reported that the program “definitely” met their expectations and 30.9% “rather yes” (χ² = 74.964, p < 0.001). Half of the participants (50.0%) stated that “all needs were satisfied,” and 42.7% that “most needs were satisfied” (χ² = 82.145, p < 0.001). Overall satisfaction was further supported by a high intention to recommend the program − 86.4% would “definitely” and 12.7% “rather” recommend it (χ² = 141.51, p < 0.001) - and by positive assessments of the support received (64.5% “very satisfied,” 35.5% “satisfied”; χ² = 9.309, p = 0.002). Regarding perceived outcomes, 70.0% reported an improvement in health (χ² = 10.491, p = 0.005), and satisfaction with the exercises was similarly high (66.4% “very satisfied,” 33.6% “satisfied”; χ² = 11.78, p = 0.001). Taken together, these findings demonstrate consistently high satisfaction across domains. However, subgroup analyses revealed that robust and pre-frail participants reported slightly higher satisfaction and enjoyment levels compared with frail individuals, who nonetheless expressed strong appreciation for the program’s supportive and motivating character. Willingness to participate in a similar program in the future remained high across all groups (76.4% “definitely yes,” 21.8% “rather yes”; χ² = 98.255, p < 0.001), underscoring the intervention’s broad acceptability and perceived value. Table 8 Satisfaction and perceived outcomes in studied subgroups following an exergaming program Question Answers Frailty (n = 33) Pre-frailty (n = 41) Robust ( n = 36) p n % n % n % How do you evaluate the quality of the conducted program? averagely 1 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.001 good 12 36.4 4 9.8 1 2.8 very good 20 60.6 37 90.2 35 97.2 Did the program meet your expectations? rather no 1 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.048 rather yes 15 45.5 12 29.3 7 19.4 definetely yes 17 51.5 29 70.7 29 80.6 To what extent has the physical activity program fulfilled your needs? any of my needs were satisfied 1 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.006 only some of my needs were satisfied 6 18.2 1 2.4 0 0.0 most of needs were satisfied 16 48.5 18 43.9 13 36.1 all my needs were satisfied 10 30.3 22 53.7 23 63.9 Would you recommend a similar program to your friends? definetely not 1 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.137 rather yes 7 21.2 5 12.2 2 5.6 definetely yes 25 75.8 36 87.8 34 94.4 How satisfied are you with the support you received during program? satisfied 16 48.5 13 31.7 10 27.8 0.179 very satisfied 17 51.5 28 68.3 26 72.2 Has your health improved as a result of the program? without any changes 11 33.3 12 29.3 10 27.8 0.362 improved 18 54.5 16 39.0 18 50.0 improved significantly 4 12.1 13 31.7 8 22.2 How satisfied are you with the exercises performed? satisfied 18 54.5 9 22.0 10 27.8 0.006 very satisfied 15 45.5 32 78.0 26 72.2 If given the opportunity, would you participate in such a program again? rather no 2 6.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.069 rather yes 11 33.3 7 17.1 6 16.7 definetely yes 20 60.6 34 82.9 30 83.3 Note. The table does not include the options that could be selected in the survey if none of the respondents selected them; p - value of the Fisher's exact test. Program quality was rated as "very good" by 97.2% of robust participants and 90.2% of pre-frail participants, compared to 60.6% in the frail group (p = 0.001). Similarly, 80.6% of robust and 70.7% of pre-frail individuals stated that the program "definitely" met their expectations, while only 51.5% of frail participants gave the same response (p = 0.048). When asked whether the program fulfilled their needs, 63.9% of robust and 53.7% of pre-frail participants reported that "all" their needs were satisfied, in contrast to only 30.3% in the frail group (p = 0.006). Likewise, satisfaction with the exercises performed was significantly higher in the more robust groups: 78.0% of pre-frail and 72.2% of robust participants were "very satisfied", compared to 45.5% of frail participants (p = 0.006). Table 9 . Satisfaction and perceived outcomes in sex, age and education subgroups following an exergaming program Table 9 Satisfaction and perceived outcomes in sex, age and education subgroups following an exergaming program Question Answers Sex p Age p Education p female male younger older lower higher n % n % n % n % n % n % How do you evaluate the quality of the conducted program? averagely 1 1.2 0 0.0 1 0 0.0 1 2.1 0.357 1 1.6 0 0.0 0.884 good 12 15.0 5 16.7 8 12.9 9 18.8 9 14.5 8 16.7 very good 67 83.8 25 83.3 54 87.1 38 79.2 52 83.9 40 83.3 Did the program meet your expectations? rather no 1 1.2 0 0.0 0.17 0 0.0 1 2.1 0.728 1 1.6 0 0.0 0.01 rather yes 21 26.2 13 43.3 19 30.6 15 31.2 13 21.0 21 43.8 definetely yes 58 72.5 17 56.7 43 69.4 32 66.7 48 77.4 27 56.2 To what extent has the physical activity program fulfilled your needs? any of my needs were satisfied 1 1.2 0 0.0 0.143 0 0.0 1 2.1 0.213 1 1.6 0 0.0 0.524 only some of my needs were satisfied 6 7.5 1 3.3 2 3.2 5 10.4 4 6.5 3 6.2 most of needs were satisfied 29 36.2 18 60.0 26 41.9 21 43.8 23 37.1 24 50.0 all my needs were satisfied 44 55.0 11 36.7 34 54.8 21 43.8 34 54.8 21 43.8 Would you recommend a similar program to your friends? definetely not 1 1.2 0 0.0 0.001 0 0.0 1 2.1 0.643 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 rather yes 5 6.2 9 30.0 8 12.9 6 12.5 8 12.9 6 12.5 definetely yes 74 92.5 21 70.0 54 87.1 41 85.4 53 85.5 42 87.5 How satisfied are you with the support you received during program? satisfied 27 33.8 12 40.0 0.655 20 32.3 19 39.6 0.547 25 40.3 14 29.2 0.237 very satisfied 53 66.2 18 60.0 42 67.7 29 60.4 37 59.7 34 70.8 Has your health improved as a result of the program? without any changes 22 27.5 11 36.7 0.55 19 30.6 14 29.2 1 14 22.6 19 39.6 0.165 improved 38 47.5 14 46.7 29 46.8 23 47.9 33 53.2 19 39.6 improved significantly 20 25.0 5 16.7 14 22.6 11 22.9 15 24.2 10 20.8 How satisfied are you with the exercises performed? satisfied 25 31.2 12 40.0 0.497 19 30.6 18 37.5 0.542 23 37.1 14 29.2 0.421 very satisfied 55 68.8 18 60.0 43 69.4 30 62.5 39 62.9 34 70.8 If given the opportunity, would you participate in such a program again? rather no 2 2.5 0 0.0 0.174 0 0.0 2 4.2 0.33 2 3.2 0 0.0 0.587 rather yes 14 17.5 10 33.3 13 21.0 11 22.9 14 22.6 10 20.8 definetely yes 64 80.0 20 66.7 49 79.0 35 72.9 46 74.2 38 79.2 [PLACE FOR Table 9 ] Note The table does not include the options that could be selected in the survey if none of the respondents selected them; p - value of the Fisher's exact test. We also analyzed satisfaction and perceived outcomes across subgroups based on specific participants’ characteristics (sex, age, education level) following participation in the exergaming program. The majority of participants' responses did not differ significantly when analyzed by sex. 92.5% of women vs. 70.0% of men would "definitely" recommend the program (p = 0.001), which was the only statistically significant difference by sex. Age-related comparisons in younger/older subgroups revealed no significant differences in satisfaction or perceived outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on education level also revealed few differences between the aforementioned groups. Participants with lower education were slightly more likely to say the program met their expectations ("definitely yes": 77.4% vs. 56.2%; p = 0.01), which was the only statistically significant finding in this category. Discussion Rehabilitation solutions incorporating the latest technologies are increasingly being adopted by patients. However, there is still limited understanding of how these technologies are perceived, particularly by older adults, and how they influence rehabilitation outcomes. Exergames represent an emerging area of research in the rehabilitation of individuals with frailty. In our study, we evaluated the impact of an exergame-based intervention on cognitive function, mood, satisfaction, and quality of life in older adults with frailty or pre-frailty syndrome. The intervention was implemented using the innovative ActivLife rehabilitation system, supported by the VRTherapist application and Kinect technology. Cognitive abilities Using movement games for motor-cognitive training provides a supportive environment in case of mental disorders. Our exergame-based intervention showed significant improvement in cognitive abilities in all studied groups. Frail individuals experienced an increase in their MoCA scores, rising from a mean of 22.47 to 24.09 (p = 0.001, power = 0.91). Similar enhancements were observed in the pre-frail group (p = 0.001, power = 0.97) and the robust group (p < 0.001, power = 0.99), demonstrating that the intervention consistently provided cognitive benefits across different levels of frailty. Similar results were showed by Zhu et al. who conducted study among frail older adults in the community settings and the experimental group participated in two 40-min group exergaming sessions weekly for eight weeks [ 50 ]. The study proved that exergaming interventions can effectively improve the cognitive functions of older adults with cognitive frailty. In turn, Liao et al. in their study compared the effect of Kinect based exergaming and combined physical exercise training on cognitive function and brain activation in frail older adults in Taiwan [ 5 ]. The intervention comprised exergaming or combined physical exercise sessions (three 60-min training sessions per week). Both groups improved significantly in global cognition (p < 0.05), executive function (p < 0.05), and attention (p < 0.05) after the 12-week intervention. However, exergaming training significantly enhanced global cognition more than combined physical exercise training (F(1,44) = 5.277, p = 0.026). Moreover, only the exergaming group showed significant improvements in verbal (p < 0.05) and working (p < 0.05) memory after the intervention [ 5 ]. It is estimated that 21 to 27% of institutionalized older adults in Europe have cognitive impairment [ 65 , 66 ], and 32 to 54% have difficulty performing basic activities of daily living [ 65 , 67 , 68 ]. Performing basic (ADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living requires the ability to perform multiple cognitive and physical tasks simultaneously. Multitasking destabilizes gait, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment, which can lead to falls [ 69 ]. Therefore, cognitive training combined with movement training may improve functional performance and may have clinical utility in preventing falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment [ 70 , 71 ]. Barnes et al. study showed that older adults with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated greater improvement in various cognitive functions after receiving combined therapy than after receiving cognitive therapy or physical therapy alone [ 72 ]. Due to the advantages of Kinect technology, integrating motor and cognitive training, as in the current study, appears to be a good interventional approach. One of the games used in the conducted training required participants to remember and repeat the position of a character on the screen. This combined short-term memory training and strength training with maintaining proper body posture - balance. Motor-cognitive training through movement games stimulates multiple sensory areas and demands substantial cognitive effort. Players must respond to visual and auditory cues, process feedback, and make rapid decisions during play [ 73 ]. For example, participants performed worse when instructed to choose which hand to pick a fruit with compared to picking it freely, illustrating how such games engage both cognitive and motor functions and add dual-task challenges [ 74 ]. Research in this field often recruits individuals with adequate cognitive ability to follow complex instructions, which limits generalizability [ 75 ]. Nevertheless, studies using interactive video-game platforms show that people with mild cognitive impairment can experience cognitive improvements from this type of training [ 50 , 72 ]. Mental disorders Cognitive decline in older adults often coexists with depressed mood and the development of depressive disorders [ 76 , 77 ]. The emergence of new technologies, which, thanks to powerful computers, enable precise reproduction of movements and behaviors or complete immersion in a virtual world, opens up new, broad possibilities for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Considering the enjoyable nature of exercise games [ 78 , 79 ] and the demonstrated positive effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in general [ 80 – 82 ], exercise games can be viewed as potentially effective in alleviating the mental disorders [ 75 , 83 – 85 ]. Focusing on older adults, the latest systematic review of 24 randomized control trials (RCTs), including 1,128 participants, found moderately strong improvements in depressive symptoms using exergames. Our research confirms these statements. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in depression symptoms after exergames intervention in all study groups (GDS scale: frailty p = 0.015, pre-frailty p = 0.023, robust p = 0.001, respectively). This may be supported by several factors. Exergaming can be graded in terms of difficulty and experienced repeatedly, thus providing users with a sense of security and comfort and significantly facilitating the process of overcoming their own limitations. Furthermore, the ability to monitor one's achievements after each therapy session, enabled by the VRTherapist app for the ActivLife device, increases self-efficacy and increases motivation for further exercise. It should be also emphasized that the exercise conditions provided by the fall prevention device, part of the Activlife rehabilitation platform, significantly reduce the risk of injury for patients with a fear of falling [ 51 , 86 ]. In turn, Jahouh et al. demonstrated that Nintendo Wii-assisted therapy reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and apathy, while simultaneously improving individual memory and attention span, which translated into significant improvements in the functional abilities of elderly study participants in basic and instrumental ADLs [ 65 ]. Quality of life and motivational value Frailty significantly impairs patient functioning and daily activities. Therefore, when analyzing the goals a patient achieves during treatment, quality of life cannot be ignored. A systematic review conducted by Campbell et al. showed that exercise training has a positive impact not only on physical parameters but also on quality of life for older adults with frailty [ 87 ]. Significant enhancements in quality of life (QoL) or activities of daily living (ADL) were observed in approximately two-thirds of the studies, notably when accompanied by improvements in physical outcomes. Exergame-based training has emerged as a promising approach to support physical function and enhance quality of life in frail older adults. In a head-to-head comparison, a six-week program using Xbox Kinect exergames produced significantly greater gains than a home-based exercise regimen in physical functioning, social role functioning, general health perception, and the overall physical component of health-related QoL (SF-36) [ 88 ]. Although direct assessments of quality of life in frail older adults remain limited, evidence from populations with chronic disease indicates that exergame interventions delivered in healthcare settings can yield small but statistically significant improvements in health-related quality of life [ 89 ]. In our study, motor–cognitive training with the Kinect sensor improved quality of life across all participant groups (frail, pre-frail, and robust), with the most pronounced gains observed in those at risk of developing frailty (p < 0.001). This at-risk group demonstrated improvements in both the physical and mental components of quality of life. Among frail and robust participants, quality of life also improved, but only in the mental dimension. This requires further research in this area as scientists' opinions on this issue are ambiguous. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Weng et al. demonstrated that beneficial effects of physical training on depression and related quality of life were significant among frail older adults, whereas no such effects were observed in pre-frail individuals [ 90 ]. In turn, Langlois et al. showed that benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and multiple QoL domains—including global QoL, leisure, social and family relationships, and physical health, were overall equivalent between frail and non-frail participants [ 91 ]. Regarding sex differences, only pre-frail women in our study showed a significantly greater improvement than men in the mental dimension of quality of life after the exergame intervention. This intriguing finding warrants further investigation and may be partly explained by sex-specific exercise habits and motivations. For example, Craft et al. reported that women exhibited higher overall exercise levels and quality-of-life scores than men, with women more often exercising for weight loss and toning, whereas men more frequently exercised for enjoyment [ 92 ]. Motivation is a critical determinant of sustained engagement in exercise, and its influence extends directly to key health outcomes. Motivational value of physical activity goals refers to the degree to which the goals are perceived as personally relevant, attainable, and meaningful - and how much they actually drive behavior. According to Self-Determination Theory, individuals who exercise for autonomous reasons - such as enjoyment, mastery, or personal health goals - are more likely to maintain long-term participation than those motivated primarily by external pressures or rewards [ 93 ]. Meta-analyses of behavioral interventions consistently report that strategies targeting motivational regulation - goal setting, feedback, and support for autonomy - significantly increase both the duration and intensity of physical activity, ultimately improving physical outcomes and quality of life [ 93 – 95 ]. In our study, motivational value, as assessed by the IPAO, increased significantly across all subgroups. Time management skills related to maintaining regular physical activity also improved in all groups, although the observed changes were less pronounced. Interestingly, motivational conflict increased significantly only in the robust subgroup, potentially reflecting greater cognitive dissonance as participants attempted to reconcile their desire for continued training with existing personal commitments. This aligns with previous findings that many individuals face competing demands from education, work, and family, which may limit the time and resources available for regular exercise [ 93 ]. In contrast, our study found a modest but significant increase in the multidimensionality of goals only in the frail subgroup. This may suggest that individuals with advanced frailty assign greater importance to personally meaningful goals, particularly in the context of exercise game interventions. Enjoyment and satisfaction An additional advantage that enhances the benefits of exercise games intervention is the attractiveness and enjoyment of the game. Research on exergame training in older adults consistently reports high levels of enjoyment and user satisfaction, which in turn support adherence and motivation for regular physical activity. Several systematic reviews and randomized studies found that older participants often rate exergames as more enjoyable than conventional exercise, cite greater intrinsic motivation and pleasurable engagement, and report better adherence over short-to-moderate follow-up periods [ 34 , 78 , 79 , 88 ]. Qualitative and feasibility studies likewise highlight that enjoyment frequently stems from game-like feedback, goal setting, and social or competitive elements, while perceived safety, clear instructions, and age-appropriate interface design strongly influence satisfaction [ 96 ]. Results of our study similarly indicate a high level of satisfaction and perceived benefit among all participants, suggesting that the exergaming program was well received and effective in meeting expectations and needs. However, quality of the program, expectations, fulfilling needs and satisfaction was rated the highest by robust and pre-frail participants, while the weakest benefits were reported by frail patients. Several factors may explain this difference. Frailty involves deficits such as muscle weakness, limited balance, slower gait speed, fatigue, and other comorbidities. These impairments can make game-movements more difficult to perform and more tiring. Pain, existing musculoskeletal issues, or fear of falling may lead frail participants to feel uneasy, tired sooner, or even anxious about participation. When exergames include tasks beyond what a frail individual can easily accomplish, that mismatch reduces enjoyment and generates frustration. In the qualitative meta‐synthesis of older adults’ exergaming experiences, age‐ or health‐related impairments were identified as barriers [ 97 ]. Moreover, frail older adults often have declines in cognition, vision, hearing, or executive function. The meta‐analysis of gamification enjoyment showed that older adults with reported health issues tend to have lower enjoyment than those without such conditions [ 79 ]. Similarly, in studies of exergaming vs conventional training, robustness of health status is associated with better experience [ 96 , 98 ]. Exercise games should therefore be tailored to the specific rehabilitation needs and functional capabilities of the target population, while remaining compatible with their lifestyle. Initiating training at an early stage, before the progression to advanced frailty, is considered particularly important. In the present study, a trainer provided continuous motivation and ensured engagement during sessions, adjusting game parameters after approximately two weeks to accommodate changes in physical capacity. Similar findings were reported by Bacha et al., who observed high user satisfaction and perceived health benefits following Kinect-based training in community dwelling older adults [ 74 ]. Limitations Despite concerted efforts, several limitations of this study must be acknowledged. First, the study sample was drawn from volunteers attending a primary healthcare clinic in a major urban center in Poland, which may not be representative of the broader national population. Additionally, participants classified as frail were significantly older than those categorized as pre-frail or robust. This discrepancy, however, likely reflects an inherent characteristic of frailty syndrome, whose prevalence increases markedly with advancing age at the population level. A next limitation pertains to the relatively short duration of both the observation period and the therapeutic intervention. Assessments were conducted immediately following the completion of a six-week exergame-based training program. It is plausible that extending the intervention period or implementing repeated cycles with intervening rest phases could enhance the therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the study was constrained by the relatively small sample size within each subgroup, particularly among participants classified as frail. This limitation largely stems from recruitment challenges and their dropout as indicated by the reasons cited for participant withdrawal [ 86 ]. Despite these constraints, the statistically significant improvements observed across subgroups suggest that exergame interventions may be effective in mitigating the impacts of psychological frailty. Continued research and development in this area are needed, especially in the context of global population aging. Conclusion The study showed that exergame-based rehabilitation with the ActivLife system led to meaningful improvements in cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life among older adults with varying levels of frailty. Cognitive outcomes improved consistently across examined subgroups, with significant gains in MoCA scores. Similarly, symptoms of depression declined in all subgroups. Quality of life also improved, most prominently in pre-frail participants, who reported benefits in both physical and mental dimensions. These findings are consistent with previous evidence highlighting the value of motor–cognitive training in geriatric care. In addition to clinical effects, the intervention increased motivation and overall satisfaction, that might be essential for long-term engagement in rehabilitation. Participants reported high levels of enjoyment, particularly those who were robust or pre-frail. By combining interactive tasks, goal orientation, and immediate feedback, exergames encouraged intrinsic motivation and supported continued participation, thereby contributing to healthier aging trajectories. However, frail participants rated satisfaction lower, likely due to physical, cognitive, or sensory challenges that made gameplay more demanding. This underlines the need to adapt exergames to individual capabilities, ensure safe conditions, and introduce such interventions before advanced frailty develops. Abbreviations ADL (basic) activities of daily living BDNF Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor BP bodily pain dimension of SF-36 BMI Body Mass Index CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale GDS Geriatric Depression Scale GH general health perception dimension of SF-36 IADL instrumental activities of daily living IPAO Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form MCS Mental Health Summary of SF-36 MET Metabolic Equivalent of Work MH mental health dimension of SF-36 MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment PCS Physical Component Summary of SF-36 PF physical functioning dimension of SF-36 QoL quality of life RCT randomized control trial RE role emotional dimension of SF-36 RP role physical dimension of SF-36 SF social functioning dimension of SF-36 SF-36 Short Form (36) Health Survey VT vitality dimension of SF-36 Declarations Availability of data and materials The dataset generated and analyzed during the current study are available in the Figshare repository: doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29178977. Competing interests The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding The study was financed from the researchers' own funds and the internal funds of Wroclaw Medical University. Authors' contributions MBF conceptualized and designed the study, carried out the initial analyses, drafted the initial manuscript, and then critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. JW assisted with the conceptualization of the study, designed the data collection instruments, collected data, carried out the initial analysis and critically reviewed the manuscript. MS assisted with the initial analysis and drafted the initial manuscript, critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. MP collected data, helped with data processing and synthesis and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Corresponding author Correspondence to Maria Magdalena Bujnowska-Fedak. Ethics declarations The study design received approval from the Bioethics Committee at the Wroclaw Medical University (Approval No. — 172/2019 from March 5 th 2019). All study participants gave written consent to participate in the study. All procedures were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Author information Maria Magdalena Bujnowska-Fedak, [email protected] , ORCID: 0000-0002-4624-5025 Mateusz Sobieski, [email protected] , ORCID: 0000-0002-1371-1659 Joanna Waligóra, [email protected] , ORCID: 0009-0000-3903-2219 Martyna Pałys, [email protected] Acknowledgements We would like to thank participating patients and their families for their involvement in the study. We would also like to acknowledge Aleksandra Fedak, resident in general surgery, for her help/assistance in conducting the exercise games training and data collection. The authors express their appreciation to Tomasz Kujawa for his methodological and statistical help. 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Effectiveness of Gamification on Enjoyment and Satisfaction in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Aging. 2025;8e72559 https //aging.jmir.org/2025/1/e72559 . 2025;8:e72559. 10.2196/72559 Taylor CB, Sallis JF, Needle R. The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health. Public Health Rep. 1985;100:195. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1424736/ . Accessed 7 Oct 2025. Penedo FJ, Dahn JR. Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2005;18:189–93. 10.1097/00001504-200503000-00013 . Plante TG, Cage C, Clements S, Stover A. Psychological benefits of exercise paired with virtual reality: Outdoor exercise energizes whereas indoor virtual exercise relaxes. Int J Stress Manag. 2006;13:108–17. Abd-Alrazaq A, Alajlani M, Alhuwail D, Schneider J, Akhu-Zaheya L, Ahmed A, et al. The Effectiveness of Serious Games in Alleviating Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR serious games. 2022;10. 10.2196/29137 . Kashi SK, Saatchian V. Effectiveness of Exergame Intervention on Depressive Symptoms, Daily Living Activities, and Fear of Falling in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Gerontol. 2025. 10.1080/07317115.2025.2503250 . Li J, Theng YL, Foo S. Game-based digital interventions for depression therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17:519–27. 10.1089/CYBER.2013.0481 . Bujnowska–Fedak MM, Sobieski M, Fedak A, Waligóra J. Evaluation of the ‘ActivLife’ exergame rehabilitation program on functional abilities in older adults (65+) with frailty and pre-frailty: a clinical trial intervention. 2025. Campbell E, Petermann-Rocha F, Welsh P, Celis-Morales C, Pell JP, Ho FK, et al. The effect of exercise on quality of life and activities of daily life in frail older adults: A systematic review of randomised control trials. Exp Gerontol. 2021;147. 10.1016/J.EXGER.2021.111287 . Karahan AY, Tok F, Taşkın H, Küçüksaraç S, Başaran A, Yildirim P. Effects of Exergames on Balance, Functional Mobility, and Quality of Life of Geriatrics Versus Home Exercise Programme: Randomized Controlled Study. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2015;23(Suppl):S14–8. 10.21101/CEJPH.A4081 . Cugusi L, Prosperini L, Mura G. Exergaming for Quality of Life in Persons Living with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PM R. 2021;13:756–80. 10.1002/PMRJ.12444 . Weng WH, Wang YH, Yeh NC, Yang YR, Wang RY. Effects of physical training on depression and related quality of life in pre-frail and frail older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging. 2024;28. 10.1016/J.JNHA.2024.100237 . Langlois F, Vu TTM, Chassé K, Dupuis G, Kergoat MJ, Bherer L. Benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and quality of life in frail older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2013;68:400–4. 10.1093/GERONB/GBS069 . Craft BB, Carroll HA, Lustyk MKB. Gender Differences in Exercise Habits and Quality of Life Reports: Assessing the Moderating Effects of Reasons for Exercise. Int J Lib arts Soc Sci. 2014;2:65. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5033515/ . Accessed 7 Oct 2025. Teixeira PJ, Carraça EV, Markland D, Silva MN, Ryan RM. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9. 10.1186/1479-5868-9-78 . Rhodes RE. The Evolving Understanding of Physical Activity Behavior: A Multi-Process Action Control Approach. Adv Motiv Sci. 2017;4:171–205. Ntoumanis N, Ng JYY, Prestwich A, Quested E, Hancox JE, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, et al. A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health. Health Psychol Rev. 2021;15:214–44. 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529 . Freed SA, Sprague BN, Stephan AT, Doyle CE, Tian J, Phillips CB, et al. Feasibility and Enjoyment of Exercise Video Games in Older Adults. Front public Heal. 2021;9. 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.751289 . Ning H, Jiang D, Du Y, Li X, Zhang H, Wu L, et al. Older adults’ experiences of implementing exergaming programs: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Age Ageing. 2022;51. 10.1093/AGEING/AFAC251 . Isaradech N, Sirikul W. Digital health tools applications in frail older adults-a review article. Front Digit Heal. 2025;7. 10.3389/FDGTH.2025.1495135 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files CONSORT2025editablechecklist.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":98803,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eA study participant during one of the exercises using the ‘ActivLife’ platform\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7830163/v1/06ea89da85e6a857a87a6f7d.jpeg"},{"id":96287096,"identity":"c183c413-bd7d-435f-841b-bad5a9b6cf60","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 12:08:04","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":124716,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlowchart illustrating the number of patients included and excluded at each stage of the study\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7830163/v1/5e2db5531900417ee2972fb9.png"},{"id":108082481,"identity":"2fb1e089-c6e9-497e-93d8-a6740964daac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-29 07:56:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1606899,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7830163/v1/7972e08f-f792-4a92-a064-e5385b45fb48.pdf"},{"id":96287097,"identity":"3372c890-0358-4a99-973b-1237ba23d5a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 12:08:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":120438,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CONSORT2025editablechecklist.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7830163/v1/b26871eda425f6163b9ad3e0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Can exercise games interventions improve cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life in older people with frailty and pre- frailty syndrome?","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe high rates of functional disability and cognitive impairment among older adults represent one of the most urgent public health challenges facing today's healthcare system. Frailty, a multifaceted syndrome characterized by a decline in physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, may elevate the risk of cognitive decline, including conditions such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Conversely, cognitive impairment may also contribute to an increased risk of developing frailty [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. In the context of mental health, frailty may be associated with cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. Individuals experiencing psychological frailty might exhibit reduced resilience to stress, difficulties coping with everyday challenges, and impaired decision-making abilities, which can further exacerbate their overall health and well-being [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The psychological dimensions of frailty can additionally diminish quality of life [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Frail individuals often experience feelings of hopelessness, social isolation, and a diminished sense of purpose, which may exacerbate both mental and physical limitations [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Consequently, understanding and addressing the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of frailty is essential for developing comprehensive care strategies aimed at enhancing well-being, mitigating the impact of frailty, and improving quality of life among older populations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA new area of research in the rehabilitation of people with frailty syndrome are exercise games interventions (exergames), which enable simultaneous physical and cognitive skills training [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Exergaming combines physical exercise with cognitive stimulation in a virtual environment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. It involves technology-driven physical activities, that requires players to do physical exercises to play a video game [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Exergame-based training offers several benefits compared to traditional motor-cognitive training. It delivers structured and scalable exercises with multisensory feedback and allows for repetitive practice in a stimulating and standardized environment, which can support skill development and promote neuroplasticity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the \u0026lsquo;guided plasticity facilitation framework\u0026rsquo;, combining physical and cognitive exercises promotes neuroplasticity through synergistic interactions [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Physical exercise exerts a facilitating effect, enhancing neuroplasticity via physiological mechanisms such as increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. BDNF acts as a key mediator in synaptogenesis and neurogenesis which may foster improved cognition [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR22\" citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. In parallel, cognitive exercises provide a \u0026lsquo;guiding effect\u0026rsquo;, offering targeted stimulation that directs and shapes these neural changes. The \u0026ldquo;guidance effects\u0026rdquo; of cognitive exercises probably initiate distinct survival mechanisms of newborn cells which are presumably part of a complex, multi-step mechanism that depends on the stimulation of the newly generated synapses or neurons [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Although some studies question the synergistic benefits of simultaneous motor and cognitive training [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e], this combined approach is currently considered as one of the most effective strategy for improving cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, both with and without cognitive impairment [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR27 CR28\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTherefore, it is reasonable to suggest that high-complexity activities, such as exergames, may induce more significant changes in perceptual-cognitive domains compared to low-complexity activities, which are primarily designed to enhance physical or physiological functions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Exergaming has been identified as an engaging form of exercise that can encourage individuals with frailty to increase their physical activity. It simultaneously stimulates both physical and perceptual-cognitive functions and is often perceived as more motivating than conventional, repetitive exercise routines [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR33 CR34\" citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Exergames provide immediate feedback, and physical demands can be progressively adjusted by modifying the game's difficulty level [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. However, most commercially available games are primarily designed for younger users, making their complex interfaces and interactions less accessible and practical for older adults [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR39\" citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. For exergames to be effective in frail adults, the movements required during gameplay must have specific characteristics that align with the targeted functional outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. It is thus essential that motion-based video games designed for older adults are developed in collaboration with specialists in neurology and rehabilitation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is convincing evidence regarding the effects of exergames on muscle strength [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR44\" citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e], balance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e], functional mobility [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e], fall rate reduction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e] and cognition in older adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]. On the other hand, intervention studies of exergaming in frailty population are scant and few studies have investigated the effects of exergaming on mental functions in frail older adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of exergames on the cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life of 65\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;older adults with frailty and pre-frailty syndrome. Moreover, the study assessed participants\u0026rsquo; motivational awareness and satisfaction with the exergaming intervention, focusing on the fulfillment of their personal needs and the overall perceived quality of the program.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e Prior to the initiation of the research project, the study design was reviewed and approved by the Bioethics Committee of Wroclaw Medical University (Approval No. 172/2019, dated March 5, 2019). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study procedures adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments. This study has been retrospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database on June 29, 2025 and has been assigned the ID NCT07036224.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted between March 2022 and November 2024 at a primary healthcare clinic (Model Family Practice under auspices of Wroclaw Medical University) in Wroclaw, Poland. This project extended the preliminary research previously conducted by JW as part of her doctoral dissertation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants were recruited through advertisements posted in the primary healthcare clinic and actively by physicians during medical visits. All participants provided written informed consent and were informed about the study\u0026rsquo;s objectives, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. Data collection adhered to strict confidentiality protocols to ensure participant anonymity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria consisted of being over the age of 64 and having no medical contraindications to performing physical exercise in a standing position. Exclusion criteria included a diagnosis of moderate to severe dementia or the presence of uncontrolled or exacerbated chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, heart failure, or arterial hypertension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining program\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants completed a standardized six-week training program utilizing the Activlife rehabilitation platform, designed specifically for exergames. This platform facilitates physical activity in a standing position while offering additional safety through a stabilization system consisting of a supportive harness with an integrated seat. The system incorporates a Kinect motion sensor (model 1520 manufactured by Microsoft) to monitor movement and ensure correct exercise execution.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe training was delivered via the VRTherapist application, developed for the Activlife platform (made by Alreh Medical) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e]. This application features a series of interactive, movement-based games aimed at promoting rehabilitation and enhancing functional abilities. The training protocol included endurance exercises, general fitness routines incorporating resistance elements, balance and stability training, and cognitive tasks focused on memory and visuospatial processing, see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEach exercise session comprised a series of seven exergames targeting a range of physical movements, including abduction, adduction, elevation and lowering of the upper and lower limbs, upper limb rotation, spinal flexion, rotation and oblique movements, as well as fine motor control of the hands. Examples of game tasks included imitating the posture of an on-screen avatar, collecting virtual objects using body movements, and simulating the flight of a spacecraft. Two exergames were focused especially on cognitive stimulation through logic-based challenges, such as solving simple arithmetic problems or completing visual puzzles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining sessions were conducted under the supervision of a qualified instructor and lasted 30 minutes, twice per week, over the six-week period. The difficulty and intensity of the exergames were adjusted approximately every two weeks by researchers JW and MF, based on each participant\u0026rsquo;s progress and functional capacity, to maintain engagement and prevent monotony.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssessment Instruments\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants were assessed both prior to the initiation of the training program and upon its completion using the diagnostic tools described below.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAnthropometric assessment\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnthropometric evaluations included measurements of height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and arm circumference. Body composition variables such as body fat percentage and muscle mass were assessed using the InBody 270 analyzer (model BPM040S12F07 manufactured by BridgePower Corp.), which employs bioelectrical impedance analysis. Handgrip strength was measured with a Jamar hand dynamometer (manufactured by Sammons Preston Rolyan). All measurements were conducted both at baseline (prior to the exercise intervention) and upon completion of the program.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFried frailty criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrailty was evaluated using the frailty phenotype model developed by Fried et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. This assessment comprises five criteria: (1) unintentional weight loss of more than 5 kg or 10% of body weight within the past year, (2) reduced handgrip strength, (3) slowed gait speed, (4) self-reported exhaustion, and (5) low physical activity. Each criterion met was assigned one point, yielding a cumulative frailty score ranging from 0 to 5.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExhaustion was assessed using items 7 and 20 of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e]. Participants who responded \"yes, for a short time\" or \"yes, for a moderate time\" to either item received one point for the exhaustion criterion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe physical activity criterion was evaluated using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Participants who reported insufficient physical activity levels according to IPAQ-SF scoring guidelines were assigned one point.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThreshold values for handgrip strength and gait speed used to determine weakness and slowness, respectively, are detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThreshold values for assigning points in Fried frailty scale for gait slowing and muscle weakness [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGait slowing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime to walk a distance of 4.6 meters measured in seconds [s]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(adjusted for height [cm]).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandgrip strength\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(adjusted for BMI kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandgrip strength\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandgrip strength\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;159 cm\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;173 cm\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;17,0 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;29 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23,1\u0026ndash;26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;17,3 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24,1\u0026ndash;26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;159 cm\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;6s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;173 cm\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;6s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26,1\u0026ndash;28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;18 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26,1\u0026ndash;28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;21 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;32 kg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried phenotype model, with a diagnosis established when an individual met three or more of the five defined criteria. Participants who met one or two criteria were classified as pre-frail, while those who did not meet any were categorized as robust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCenter for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used self-report screening instrument designed to assess symptoms associated with depression. The scale comprises 20 items, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3, evaluating cognitive, affective, and somatic dimensions of depressive symptomatology. Total scores range from 0 to 60, with a cut-off score of 15 or above indicating an increased risk for depressive disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e]. The CES-D is considered a sensitive and specific tool for the screening of depressive symptoms in various populations. A validated Polish version of the CES-D was introduced in 2013, ensuring its cultural and linguistic appropriateness for the present study population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInternational Physical Activity Questionnaire - short version\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess the level of physical activity of the respondent and is also available in the Polish language version [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e]. In this study, the short form of the questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) was used to evaluate physical activity. This version consists of 7 questions concerning different types of physical activities that are part of daily life and last for at least 10 minutes at a time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnergy expenditure was expressed in METs (Metabolic Equivalent of Work): walking \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3.3, moderate activity \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4.0, vigorous activity \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;8.0. Physical activity levels were classified as low (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;600 MET-min/week), moderate (600\u0026ndash;1500), and high (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1500).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeriatric Depression Scale\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a screening diagnostic tool developed by Yesavage et al. for the self-assessment of depression in older adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e]. The short version of the questionnaire used in this study consists of 15 simple yes-or-no questions. The tool demonstrates relatively high sensitivity and specificity when a score of 6 or more points is adopted as the cut-off value indicating an increased risk of depression in the elderly population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMontreal Cognitive Assessment\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a screening tool used for the detection of mild cognitive impairment and is also available in a validated Polish version [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]. It consists of 8 categories of tasks assessing various cognitive domains, including visuospatial and executive functions, language, verbal fluency, attention, naming, short-term memory, abstraction, and allopsychic orientation. A total score of less than 26 points indicates the presence of mild cognitive impairment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eShort Form (36) Health Survey\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) is a research tool used to assess health-related quality of life. It consists of 36 questions evaluating 8 dimensions of quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e]: physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical health problems (role physical \u0026ndash; RP), intensity of pain and its impact on daily life (bodily pain \u0026ndash; BP), general health perception (GH), energy level, fatigue, and exhaustion (vitality \u0026ndash; VT), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to emotional problems (role emotional \u0026ndash; RE), and mental health (MH). Additionally, the survey assesses the general health status compared to the previous year.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe above categories are combined into two summary domains: the physical health component (Physical Component Summary \u0026ndash; PCS), calculated as the average score from PF, RP, BP, and GH; and the mental health component (Mental Health Summary \u0026ndash; MCS), calculated as the average of VT, SF, RE, and MH scores. After calculating the scores from all 8 dimensions according to specific guidelines, the final result ranges from 0 to 100 points, where a lower score indicates better quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInventory of Physical Activity Objectives\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO) is a self-report questionnaire developed in 2015 by Lipowski and Zaleski [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e]. It consists of 16 items, of which 13 concern the participant\u0026rsquo;s characteristics and current physical activity behaviors. The remaining three item sets are presented on a Likert scale (1\u0026ndash;5; 1 = \u0026ldquo;I do not agree at all\u0026rdquo; to 5 = \u0026ldquo;I fully agree\u0026rdquo;) and refer to three domains: the characteristics of the participant\u0026rsquo;s environment in terms of supporting physical activity behaviors (5 items), the perceived importance of physical activity benefits (13 items), and the individual's goal orientation regarding physical activity (18 items).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResponses are grouped into five scales: motivational value, understood as the extent to which physical activity goals influence behavior; time management, reflecting the degree of planning, scheduling, and organizing time for physical activity; persistence in action, which captures efficiency and perseverance in pursuing goals as well as the ability to overcome difficulties; motivational conflict, referring to the level of conflict between physical activity goals and other personal objectives; and multidimensionality of goals, indicating the overall importance assigned to the endorsed goals. Higher scores indicate greater engagement and stronger motivation to achieve physical activity-related goals within each of the assessed subdomains. In our study, raw scores were used in the statistical analyses without converting them to standardized (sten) scores to simplify the analytical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eQuestionnaire for assessing satisfaction with participation in the training program\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn original questionnaire was created to evaluate participant satisfaction with a physical activity program. It consists of 8 closed-ended questions based on Likert scale (from 1 to 4) focusing on various aspects of the program experience, including overall quality, fulfillment of expectations and needs, perceived health benefits, and satisfaction with provided support and exercises. Additionally, the questionnaire assesses participants' willingness to recommend the program and their interest in future participation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll statistical analyses were conducted using R software version 4.4.2. For intergroup comparisons, participants were categorized into subgroups based on frailty status as defined by the Fried et al. criteria: robust, pre-frail, and frail.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effects of the exergaming-based training program were analyzed by examining changes in scores on diagnostic tools assessing mental abilities, depressive symptoms and quality of life within each frailty subcategory (robust, frailty, pre-frailty). Further stratified analyses were performed by sex, age, and education level when statistically significant differences were observed between pre- and post-intervention measurements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo assess the influence of age, participants were divided into two groups: younger (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;75 years) and older (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;75 years). Similarly, education level was categorized as lower education (vocational or secondary education) and higher education.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissing data were not imputed, and no adjustments were made to supplement the dataset during statistical analysis. The distribution of quantitative variables was assessed using the Shapiro\u0026ndash;Wilk test for normality. As only a limited number of variables followed a normal distribution, nonparametric tests were employed in subsequent analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe association between quantitative and qualitative variables was assessed using the pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test. Differences in quantitative variables measured before and after the intervention were also evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Associations between qualitative variables were examined using Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test of independence. The results of the satisfaction survey were analyzed with the chi-square and Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test where applicable. A level of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. In all result tables, statistically significant p-values are presented in bold. Since the number of participants did not reach the minimum sample size required to ensure a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error for the Polish population (calculated as 139), the statistical power was estimated with G*Power for those cases where the results were statistically significant [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOut of 642 patients from the outpatient clinic where the study was conducted, 186 consented to participate (see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) and were subsequently classified into frailty, pre-frailty, or robust subgroups according to the criteria of Fried and colleagues, as detailed in the Methods section. Ultimately, 111 participants completed the full exercise program and all required diagnostic assessments, see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. There was 80 women (72.07%) and 31 men included in the study. The mean age was 75.17 years (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.89). In terms of education, the majority had either secondary education (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56, 50.9%) or higher education (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47, 43.3%). Participants were recruited through clinic-based advertisements and direct physician referrals during routine medical visits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithdrawal reasons (in total\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;75) varied across studied subgroups. In frail participants who withdrawn (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;53), the primary causes were exacerbation of chronic diseases (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22) and logistical barriers (e.g., access difficulties (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6), caregiver time constraints (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5)). Health issues also dominated withdrawals among pre-frail individuals (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;16), although to a lesser extent (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6). In contrast, robust participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11) primarily cited personal and motivational factors, such as lack of time (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4) and family responsibilities (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eParticipant Classification According to Fried\u0026rsquo;s Frailty Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 186 participants were initially enrolled and classified into one of three subgroups\u0026mdash;frail, pre-frail, or robust\u0026mdash;based on the frailty phenotype model proposed by Fried et al., as outlined in the Methods section. Ultimately, 111 participants (59.7%) completed the full six-week training program.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdherence rates differed significantly across frailty subgroups. These differences in completion rates are detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, which illustrates a statistically significant variation in retention depending on frailty status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of participants who started and completed the research intervention and adherence rate in individual frailty subgroups among study participants\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubgroup\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInitial number of participants in the subgroup\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of participants who completed the research intervention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdherence rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrailty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.1%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-frailty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRobust\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.6%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemographic data of the group that completed the full training cycle \u0026mdash; including age, sex, and education level \u0026mdash; divided by subgroups, are presented in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge distribution of participants within the examined subgroups before the training program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubcategory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age (in years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003evs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003efrailty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efrailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epre-frailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epre-frailty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efrailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erobust\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003erobust\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epre-frailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erobust\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote.\u003c/b\u003e \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e - value of pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of sex and education level of participants within the examined subgroups\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efrailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epre-frailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erobust\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.315\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProfessional education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote.\u003c/b\u003e \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e - value of the Fisher's exact test\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistically significant differences in age distribution were observed between the frailty and pre-frailty groups (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), as well as between the frailty and robust groups (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). No significant difference was identified between the pre-frailty and robust groups (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.156). These findings indicate that individuals classified as frail were significantly older than those in the pre-frail and robust categories at baseline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo statistically significant differences were found in educational attainment or gender distribution across the frailty subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre- and post-intervention comparisons of the measured variables within each frailty subgroup are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. For all variables where a statistically significant difference was detected (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), the statistical power of the corresponding test is provided in parentheses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5.\u003c/strong\u003e Changes in individual examined parameters within subgroups resulting from the completed training cycle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"930\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrailty (N = 34)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 272px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-frailty (N = 41)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 272px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobust (N = 36)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(power)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(power)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(power)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal CES-D (0-80 pts)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e376.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.012\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal MoCA (0-30 pts)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(0.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal GDS (0-15 pts)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.015\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.023\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal SF-36 Quality of Life Index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.037\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e614.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e487\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical dimension of quality of life\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e312\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e537.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.231\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMental dimension of quality of life\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.012\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e465.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e510.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMotivational value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime management\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(0.86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersistence in action\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.02\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(0.69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.536\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMotivational conflict\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.704\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.739\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultidimensionality of goals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.55)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. Changes in individual examined parameters within subgroups resulting from the completed training cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e[Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u003cem\u003eW, p\u003c/em\u003e) - statistic and p-value of Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effects of the training program were analyzed separately within subgroups of participants classified according to frailty status: frail, pre-frail, and robust. Several statistically significant changes were observed, particularly in cognitive, emotional, and motivational domains, although patterns varied between subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCognitive Functioning\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eScores on the MoCA improved significantly in all three subgroups. Frail individuals showed an increase from a mean of 22.47 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.97) to 24.09 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.21; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.91). Similar improvements were noted in the pre-frail (mean change: 24.68 to 25.95; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.97) and robust groups (25.06 to 26.44; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDepressive Symptoms\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGDS revealed a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms in all groups. Frail participants experienced a decline from 5.00 to 4.56 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.015, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.74), while the pre-frail and robust groups also showed reductions (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, respectively). For the CES-D, however, improvements were significant only in the pre-frail group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.97) and robust group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.74), with no significant change in the frail subgroup.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eQuality of Life\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA significant decrease in the overall SF-36 Quality of Life Index was observed across all subgroups meaning improvement in quality of life. In frail individuals, the total score declined from 83.71 to 76.71 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.037, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.57), while even more pronounced decreases were found in the pre-frail and robust groups (59.93 to 51, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 and 29.47 to 26.57, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, respectively). The physical and mental dimensions of quality of life also showed subgroup-specific improvement. In the pre-frail group, both dimensions scores decreased significantly (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004, respectively), and in the robust group, mental well-being was particularly improved (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.97). No significant change was noted in the physical component among the frail and robust individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMotivation and goal orientation related to physical activity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotivational value increased significantly in all subgroups, with the most substantial change observed in robust participants (mean increase from 9.77 to 33.22; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99). Time management skills regarding maintaining physical activity also improved significantly in all groups, but the observed changes were less pronounced. Persistence in action improved significantly only in the pre-frail subgroup (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.69). Interestingly, motivational conflict increased significantly in the robust group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.021, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.68). A statistically significant increase in the multidimensionality of goals was observed only in the frail group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.55), while no meaningful changes were detected in the pre-frail or robust subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in individual parameters (within age, sex and educational subgroups) resulting from the completed training cycle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor variables exhibiting statistically significant differences before and after the training program, further subgroup analyses were conducted according to participants' age, sex, and level of educational attainment, see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChanges in individual examined parameters within age, sex and educational subgroups (also divided by frailty status subgroups) resulting from the completed training cycle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"19\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChange in the variable before/after\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe training program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;111)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrailty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre-frailty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRobust (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(power)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(power)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(power)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(power)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal CES-D (0\u0026ndash;80 pts)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.689\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.709\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.906\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1380\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e136.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e169.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1476.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.831\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.527\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e211\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.968\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal MoCA (0\u0026ndash;30 pts)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1193.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e139.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.641\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1648\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.412\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" 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colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1875.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.028\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.55)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.526\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1365.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.464\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e179.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e143.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal SF-36 Quality of Life Index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-6.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1146\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.604\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-10.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.311\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-6.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e142.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.636\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.906\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-12.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1664.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.267\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-9.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e118.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.462\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-8.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.632\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-7.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-7.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1728\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e176.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.244\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-8.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.924\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-8.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-13.53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-7.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical dimension of quality of life\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1237.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e150.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.456\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-9.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1623\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.389\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-5.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-5.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.817\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.212\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1606\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.477\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-7.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.509\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-6.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMental dimension of quality of life\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1016.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-8.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.009\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e126.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.973\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e168.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.414\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1674\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.636\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e220.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.548\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e150.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.736\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1763\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e247.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e157.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.497\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-6.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotivational value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e611\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.893\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.448\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.447\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e956\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.916\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.408\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.704\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e878.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.939\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.777\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.287\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersistense in action\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e848.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.919\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.383\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" 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colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime management\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e899.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.466\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e917\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.923\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.166\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e215.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e972\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.983\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.186\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.878\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultidimensionality of goals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e758\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.659\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.741\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.574\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.402\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e883.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.747\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.699\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.573\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1001.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.698\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e162.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.492\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.819\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. Changes in individual examined parameters within age, sex and educational subgroups (also divided by frailty status subgroups) resulting from the completed training cycle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e[PLACE FOR Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe table presents the mean differences in outcomes within each subgroup before and after the training program. (\u003cem\u003eW, p\u003c/em\u003e) - statistic and p-value of Wilcoxon signed rank test\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, changes in psychological and quality of life variables measured as a result of the training program, adjusted for age, gender, and education, were generally modest, with few statistically significant improvements observed across subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCognitive Functioning\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e Participants demonstrated a small but consistent increase in MoCA scores across most subgroups, with the largest gains observed among men and those with lower education. While many p-values did not reach significance, the increase in MoCA scores among participants with lower education was statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.028, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.55) in the total group and also within the robust subgroup (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.036, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.44).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDepressive Symptoms\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere were no significant differences in depressive symptoms (CES-D or GDS scores) following the intervention across any frailty category regarding sex, age, or education subgroup.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eQuality of Life\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eChanges in the overall SF-36 index and its subdimensions in these subgroups were generally negative or negligible. The mental component of quality of life showed a statistically significant decrease among pre-frail women (mean change = -8.00, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.009, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.65). Other groups showed no meaningful improvements or declines, with low effect sizes and nonsignificant results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMotivation and goal orientation related to physical activity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eModerate improvements in motivational value and multidimensionality of goals as assessed in IPAO were observed across most subgroups, but these did not reach statistical significance. Changes were more pronounced in men and participants with lower education, but again without sufficient statistical support.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGains in time management were reported in several subgroups, with particularly notable improvement in younger, robust individuals (mean change\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.89, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.89). Significant differences according persistence in action and motivational conflict were observed only in relation to education level of subjects. Participants with higher level of education demonstrated greater post-training improvement in persistence in action, while those with lower education showed smaller gains or even decreases in both persistence and motivational conflict.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSatisfaction with participation in the exergaming program\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, the satisfaction and contentment with participation in this study was assessed among the respondents. After completing the training program, participants were asked to complete an eight-question survey regarding, among others, satisfaction with needs, subjective assessment of health improvement, satisfaction with participation, and willingness to participate again.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants satisfaction and perceived outcomes following an exergaming program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuestion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnswers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eχ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow do you evaluate the quality of the conducted program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eaveragely\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003egood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every good\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDid the program meet your expectations?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather no\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.964\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo what extent has the physical activity program fulfilled your needs?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eany of my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82.145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly some of my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emost of needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eall my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWould you recommend a similar program to your friends?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely not\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e141.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow satisfied are you with the support you received during program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.309\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHas your health improved as a result of the program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithout any changes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.005\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow satisfied are you with the exercises performed?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf given the opportunity, would you participate in such a program again?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather no\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.255\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote.\u003c/b\u003e The table does not include the options that could be selected in the survey if none of the respondents selected them. (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, df, p) - statistic, degree of freedom and p-value of Chi-squared test\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost respondents (83.6%) rated the program quality as \u0026ldquo;very good,\u0026rdquo; while 15.5% considered it \u0026ldquo;good\u0026rdquo; and only 0.9% \u0026ldquo;average\u0026rdquo; (χ\u0026sup2; = 128.75, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), indicating a highly favorable perception of the intervention. Similarly, 68.2% reported that the program \u0026ldquo;definitely\u0026rdquo; met their expectations and 30.9% \u0026ldquo;rather yes\u0026rdquo; (χ\u0026sup2; = 74.964, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Half of the participants (50.0%) stated that \u0026ldquo;all needs were satisfied,\u0026rdquo; and 42.7% that \u0026ldquo;most needs were satisfied\u0026rdquo; (χ\u0026sup2; = 82.145, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall satisfaction was further supported by a high intention to recommend the program \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;86.4% would \u0026ldquo;definitely\u0026rdquo; and 12.7% \u0026ldquo;rather\u0026rdquo; recommend it (χ\u0026sup2; = 141.51, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) - and by positive assessments of the support received (64.5% \u0026ldquo;very satisfied,\u0026rdquo; 35.5% \u0026ldquo;satisfied\u0026rdquo;; χ\u0026sup2; = 9.309, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). Regarding perceived outcomes, 70.0% reported an improvement in health (χ\u0026sup2; = 10.491, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005), and satisfaction with the exercises was similarly high (66.4% \u0026ldquo;very satisfied,\u0026rdquo; 33.6% \u0026ldquo;satisfied\u0026rdquo;; χ\u0026sup2; = 11.78, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaken together, these findings demonstrate consistently high satisfaction across domains. However, subgroup analyses revealed that robust and pre-frail participants reported slightly higher satisfaction and enjoyment levels compared with frail individuals, who nonetheless expressed strong appreciation for the program\u0026rsquo;s supportive and motivating character. Willingness to participate in a similar program in the future remained high across all groups (76.4% \u0026ldquo;definitely yes,\u0026rdquo; 21.8% \u0026ldquo;rather yes\u0026rdquo;; χ\u0026sup2; = 98.255, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), underscoring the intervention\u0026rsquo;s broad acceptability and perceived value.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction and perceived outcomes in studied subgroups following an exergaming program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuestion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnswers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrailty \u003cem\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;33)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre-frailty \u003cem\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRobust \u003cem\u003e( n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow do you evaluate the quality of the conducted program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eaveragely\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003egood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every good\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDid the program meet your expectations?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather no\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.048\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo what extent has the physical activity program fulfilled your needs?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eany of my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.006\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly some of my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emost of needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eall my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWould you recommend a similar program to your friends?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely not\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow satisfied are you with the support you received during program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHas your health improved as a result of the program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithout any changes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.362\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow satisfied are you with the exercises performed?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.006\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf given the opportunity, would you participate in such a program again?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather no\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote.\u003c/b\u003e The table does not include the options that could be selected in the survey if none of the respondents selected them; p - value of the Fisher's exact test.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Program quality was rated as \"very good\" by 97.2% of robust participants and 90.2% of pre-frail participants, compared to 60.6% in the frail group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Similarly, 80.6% of robust and 70.7% of pre-frail individuals stated that the program \"definitely\" met their expectations, while only 51.5% of frail participants gave the same response (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen asked whether the program fulfilled their needs, 63.9% of robust and 53.7% of pre-frail participants reported that \"all\" their needs were satisfied, in contrast to only 30.3% in the frail group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006). Likewise, satisfaction with the exercises performed was significantly higher in the more robust groups: 78.0% of pre-frail and 72.2% of robust participants were \"very satisfied\", compared to 45.5% of frail participants (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e. Satisfaction and perceived outcomes in sex, age and education subgroups following an exergaming program\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction and perceived outcomes in sex, age and education subgroups following an exergaming program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"17\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuestion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnswers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyounger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow do you evaluate the quality of the conducted program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eaveragely\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.357\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.884\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003egood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every good\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDid the program meet your expectations?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather no\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.728\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo what extent has the physical activity program fulfilled your needs?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eany of my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.213\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.524\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly some of my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emost of needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eall my needs were satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWould you recommend a similar program to your friends?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely not\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow satisfied are you with the support you received during program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.655\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.547\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHas your health improved as a result of the program?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithout any changes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow satisfied are you with the exercises performed?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.497\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.542\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.421\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every satisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf given the opportunity, would you participate in such a program again?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather no\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.587\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erather yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinetely yes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e[PLACE FOR Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe table does not include the options that could be selected in the survey if none of the respondents selected them; p - value of the Fisher's exact test.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe also analyzed satisfaction and perceived outcomes across subgroups based on specific participants\u0026rsquo; characteristics (sex, age, education level) following participation in the exergaming program. The majority of participants' responses did not differ significantly when analyzed by sex. 92.5% of women vs. 70.0% of men would \"definitely\" recommend the program (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), which was the only statistically significant difference by sex. Age-related comparisons in younger/older subgroups revealed no significant differences in satisfaction or perceived outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on education level also revealed few differences between the aforementioned groups. Participants with lower education were slightly more likely to say the program met their expectations (\"definitely yes\": 77.4% vs. 56.2%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01), which was the only statistically significant finding in this category.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eRehabilitation solutions incorporating the latest technologies are increasingly being adopted by patients. However, there is still limited understanding of how these technologies are perceived, particularly by older adults, and how they influence rehabilitation outcomes. Exergames represent an emerging area of research in the rehabilitation of individuals with frailty. In our study, we evaluated the impact of an exergame-based intervention on cognitive function, mood, satisfaction, and quality of life in older adults with frailty or pre-frailty syndrome. The intervention was implemented using the innovative ActivLife rehabilitation system, supported by the VRTherapist application and Kinect technology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCognitive abilities\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsing movement games for motor-cognitive training provides a supportive environment in case of mental disorders. Our exergame-based intervention showed significant improvement in cognitive abilities in all studied groups. Frail individuals experienced an increase in their MoCA scores, rising from a mean of 22.47 to 24.09 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.91). Similar enhancements were observed in the pre-frail group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.97) and the robust group (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99), demonstrating that the intervention consistently provided cognitive benefits across different levels of frailty. Similar results were showed by Zhu et al. who conducted study among frail older adults in the community settings and the experimental group participated in two 40-min group exergaming sessions weekly for eight weeks [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e]. The study proved that exergaming interventions can effectively improve the cognitive functions of older adults with cognitive frailty. In turn, Liao et al. in their study compared the effect of Kinect based exergaming and combined physical exercise training on cognitive function and brain activation in frail older adults in Taiwan [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The intervention comprised exergaming or combined physical exercise sessions (three 60-min training sessions per week). Both groups improved significantly in global cognition (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), executive function (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), and attention (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) after the 12-week intervention. However, exergaming training significantly enhanced global cognition more than combined physical exercise training (F(1,44)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.277, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.026). Moreover, only the exergaming group showed significant improvements in verbal (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) and working (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) memory after the intervention [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is estimated that 21 to 27% of institutionalized older adults in Europe have cognitive impairment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e], and 32 to 54% have difficulty performing basic activities of daily living [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e]. Performing basic (ADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living requires the ability to perform multiple cognitive and physical tasks simultaneously. Multitasking destabilizes gait, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment, which can lead to falls [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, cognitive training combined with movement training may improve functional performance and may have clinical utility in preventing falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e70\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e]. Barnes et al. study showed that older adults with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated greater improvement in various cognitive functions after receiving combined therapy than after receiving cognitive therapy or physical therapy alone [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e]. Due to the advantages of Kinect technology, integrating motor and cognitive training, as in the current study, appears to be a good interventional approach. One of the games used in the conducted training required participants to remember and repeat the position of a character on the screen. This combined short-term memory training and strength training with maintaining proper body posture - balance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotor-cognitive training through movement games stimulates multiple sensory areas and demands substantial cognitive effort. Players must respond to visual and auditory cues, process feedback, and make rapid decisions during play [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e]. For example, participants performed worse when instructed to choose which hand to pick a fruit with compared to picking it freely, illustrating how such games engage both cognitive and motor functions and add dual-task challenges [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e]. Research in this field often recruits individuals with adequate cognitive ability to follow complex instructions, which limits generalizability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, studies using interactive video-game platforms show that people with mild cognitive impairment can experience cognitive improvements from this type of training [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec29\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMental disorders\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline in older adults often coexists with depressed mood and the development of depressive disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e76\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR77\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e77\u003c/span\u003e]. The emergence of new technologies, which, thanks to powerful computers, enable precise reproduction of movements and behaviors or complete immersion in a virtual world, opens up new, broad possibilities for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Considering the enjoyable nature of exercise games [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e78\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e79\u003c/span\u003e] and the demonstrated positive effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in general [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR81\" citationid=\"CR80\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e80\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e82\u003c/span\u003e], exercise games can be viewed as potentially effective in alleviating the mental disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR84\" citationid=\"CR83\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e83\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR85\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e85\u003c/span\u003e]. Focusing on older adults, the latest systematic review of 24 randomized control trials (RCTs), including 1,128 participants, found moderately strong improvements in depressive symptoms using exergames. Our research confirms these statements. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in depression symptoms after exergames intervention in all study groups (GDS scale: frailty p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.015, pre-frailty p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023, robust p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, respectively). This may be supported by several factors. Exergaming can be graded in terms of difficulty and experienced repeatedly, thus providing users with a sense of security and comfort and significantly facilitating the process of overcoming their own limitations. Furthermore, the ability to monitor one's achievements after each therapy session, enabled by the VRTherapist app for the ActivLife device, increases self-efficacy and increases motivation for further exercise. It should be also emphasized that the exercise conditions provided by the fall prevention device, part of the Activlife rehabilitation platform, significantly reduce the risk of injury for patients with a fear of falling [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR86\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e86\u003c/span\u003e]. In turn, Jahouh et al. demonstrated that Nintendo Wii-assisted therapy reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and apathy, while simultaneously improving individual memory and attention span, which translated into significant improvements in the functional abilities of elderly study participants in basic and instrumental ADLs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuality of life and motivational value\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrailty significantly impairs patient functioning and daily activities. Therefore, when analyzing the goals a patient achieves during treatment, quality of life cannot be ignored. A systematic review conducted by Campbell et al. showed that exercise training has a positive impact not only on physical parameters but also on quality of life for older adults with frailty [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR87\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e87\u003c/span\u003e]. Significant enhancements in quality of life (QoL) or activities of daily living (ADL) were observed in approximately two-thirds of the studies, notably when accompanied by improvements in physical outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExergame-based training has emerged as a promising approach to support physical function and enhance quality of life in frail older adults. In a head-to-head comparison, a six-week program using Xbox Kinect exergames produced significantly greater gains than a home-based exercise regimen in physical functioning, social role functioning, general health perception, and the overall physical component of health-related QoL (SF-36) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e88\u003c/span\u003e]. Although direct assessments of quality of life in frail older adults remain limited, evidence from populations with chronic disease indicates that exergame interventions delivered in healthcare settings can yield small but statistically significant improvements in health-related quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR89\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e89\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, motor\u0026ndash;cognitive training with the Kinect sensor improved quality of life across all participant groups (frail, pre-frail, and robust), with the most pronounced gains observed in those at risk of developing frailty (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). This at-risk group demonstrated improvements in both the physical and mental components of quality of life. Among frail and robust participants, quality of life also improved, but only in the mental dimension. This requires further research in this area as scientists' opinions on this issue are ambiguous. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Weng et al. demonstrated that beneficial effects of physical training on depression and related quality of life were significant among frail older adults, whereas no such effects were observed in pre-frail individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR90\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e90\u003c/span\u003e]. In turn, Langlois et al. showed that benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and multiple QoL domains\u0026mdash;including global QoL, leisure, social and family relationships, and physical health, were overall equivalent between frail and non-frail participants [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR91\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e91\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding sex differences, only pre-frail women in our study showed a significantly greater improvement than men in the mental dimension of quality of life after the exergame intervention. This intriguing finding warrants further investigation and may be partly explained by sex-specific exercise habits and motivations. For example, Craft et al. reported that women exhibited higher overall exercise levels and quality-of-life scores than men, with women more often exercising for weight loss and toning, whereas men more frequently exercised for enjoyment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR92\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e92\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotivation is a critical determinant of sustained engagement in exercise, and its influence extends directly to key health outcomes. Motivational value of physical activity goals refers to the degree to which the goals are perceived as personally relevant, attainable, and meaningful - and how much they actually drive behavior. According to Self-Determination Theory, individuals who exercise for autonomous reasons - such as enjoyment, mastery, or personal health goals - are more likely to maintain long-term participation than those motivated primarily by external pressures or rewards [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e93\u003c/span\u003e]. Meta-analyses of behavioral interventions consistently report that strategies targeting motivational regulation - goal setting, feedback, and support for autonomy - significantly increase both the duration and intensity of physical activity, ultimately improving physical outcomes and quality of life [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR94\" citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e93\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR95\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e95\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, motivational value, as assessed by the IPAO, increased significantly across all subgroups. Time management skills related to maintaining regular physical activity also improved in all groups, although the observed changes were less pronounced. Interestingly, motivational conflict increased significantly only in the robust subgroup, potentially reflecting greater cognitive dissonance as participants attempted to reconcile their desire for continued training with existing personal commitments. This aligns with previous findings that many individuals face competing demands from education, work, and family, which may limit the time and resources available for regular exercise [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e93\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, our study found a modest but significant increase in the multidimensionality of goals only in the frail subgroup. This may suggest that individuals with advanced frailty assign greater importance to personally meaningful goals, particularly in the context of exercise game interventions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec31\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEnjoyment and satisfaction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn additional advantage that enhances the benefits of exercise games intervention is the attractiveness and enjoyment of the game. Research on exergame training in older adults consistently reports high levels of enjoyment and user satisfaction, which in turn support adherence and motivation for regular physical activity. Several systematic reviews and randomized studies found that older participants often rate exergames as more enjoyable than conventional exercise, cite greater intrinsic motivation and pleasurable engagement, and report better adherence over short-to-moderate follow-up periods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e78\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e79\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e88\u003c/span\u003e]. Qualitative and feasibility studies likewise highlight that enjoyment frequently stems from game-like feedback, goal setting, and social or competitive elements, while perceived safety, clear instructions, and age-appropriate interface design strongly influence satisfaction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR96\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e96\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Results of our study similarly indicate a high level of satisfaction and perceived benefit among all participants, suggesting that the exergaming program was well received and effective in meeting expectations and needs. However, quality of the program, expectations, fulfilling needs and satisfaction was rated the highest by robust and pre-frail participants, while the weakest benefits were reported by frail patients. Several factors may explain this difference. Frailty involves deficits such as muscle weakness, limited balance, slower gait speed, fatigue, and other comorbidities. These impairments can make game-movements more difficult to perform and more tiring. Pain, existing musculoskeletal issues, or fear of falling may lead frail participants to feel uneasy, tired sooner, or even anxious about participation. When exergames include tasks beyond what a frail individual can easily accomplish, that mismatch reduces enjoyment and generates frustration. In the qualitative meta‐synthesis of older adults\u0026rsquo; exergaming experiences, age‐ or health‐related impairments were identified as barriers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e97\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, frail older adults often have declines in cognition, vision, hearing, or executive function. The meta‐analysis of gamification enjoyment showed that older adults with reported health issues tend to have lower enjoyment than those without such conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e79\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, in studies of exergaming vs conventional training, robustness of health status is associated with better experience [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR96\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e96\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e98\u003c/span\u003e]. Exercise games should therefore be tailored to the specific rehabilitation needs and functional capabilities of the target population, while remaining compatible with their lifestyle. Initiating training at an early stage, before the progression to advanced frailty, is considered particularly important. In the present study, a trainer provided continuous motivation and ensured engagement during sessions, adjusting game parameters after approximately two weeks to accommodate changes in physical capacity. Similar findings were reported by Bacha et al., who observed high user satisfaction and perceived health benefits following Kinect-based training in community dwelling older adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite concerted efforts, several limitations of this study must be acknowledged. First, the study sample was drawn from volunteers attending a primary healthcare clinic in a major urban center in Poland, which may not be representative of the broader national population. Additionally, participants classified as frail were significantly older than those categorized as pre-frail or robust. This discrepancy, however, likely reflects an inherent characteristic of frailty syndrome, whose prevalence increases markedly with advancing age at the population level. A next limitation pertains to the relatively short duration of both the observation period and the therapeutic intervention. Assessments were conducted immediately following the completion of a six-week exergame-based training program. It is plausible that extending the intervention period or implementing repeated cycles with intervening rest phases could enhance the therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the study was constrained by the relatively small sample size within each subgroup, particularly among participants classified as frail. This limitation largely stems from recruitment challenges and their dropout as indicated by the reasons cited for participant withdrawal [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR86\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e86\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite these constraints, the statistically significant improvements observed across subgroups suggest that exergame interventions may be effective in mitigating the impacts of psychological frailty. Continued research and development in this area are needed, especially in the context of global population aging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study showed that exergame-based rehabilitation with the ActivLife system led to meaningful improvements in cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life among older adults with varying levels of frailty. Cognitive outcomes improved consistently across examined subgroups, with significant gains in MoCA scores. Similarly, symptoms of depression declined in all subgroups. Quality of life also improved, most prominently in pre-frail participants, who reported benefits in both physical and mental dimensions. These findings are consistent with previous evidence highlighting the value of motor\u0026ndash;cognitive training in geriatric care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition to clinical effects, the intervention increased motivation and overall satisfaction, that might be essential for long-term engagement in rehabilitation. Participants reported high levels of enjoyment, particularly those who were robust or pre-frail. By combining interactive tasks, goal orientation, and immediate feedback, exergames encouraged intrinsic motivation and supported continued participation, thereby contributing to healthier aging trajectories. However, frail participants rated satisfaction lower, likely due to physical, cognitive, or sensory challenges that made gameplay more demanding. This underlines the need to adapt exergames to individual capabilities, ensure safe conditions, and introduce such interventions before advanced frailty develops.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eADL (basic) activities of daily living\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBDNF Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBP bodily pain dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI Body Mass Index\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGDS Geriatric Depression Scale\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGH general health perception dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIADL instrumental activities of daily living\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIPAO Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMCS Mental Health Summary of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMET Metabolic Equivalent of Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMH mental health dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCS Physical Component Summary of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePF physical functioning dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQoL quality of life\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRCT randomized control trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRE role emotional dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRP role physical dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSF social functioning dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSF-36 Short Form (36) Health Survey\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVT vitality dimension of SF-36\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dataset generated and analyzed during the current study are available in the Figshare repository: doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29178977.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was financed from the researchers\u0026apos; own funds and the internal funds of Wroclaw Medical University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMBF conceptualized and designed the study, carried out the initial analyses, drafted the initial manuscript, and then critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. JW\u0026nbsp;assisted with the conceptualization of the study,\u0026nbsp;designed the data collection instruments,\u0026nbsp;collected data, carried out the initial analysis and critically reviewed the manuscript. MS\u0026nbsp;assisted with the initial analysis and drafted the initial manuscript, critically reviewed\u0026nbsp;the manuscript for important intellectual content. MP collected data, helped with data processing and synthesis and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorresponding author\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Maria Magdalena Bujnowska-Fedak.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics declarations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study design received approval from the Bioethics Committee at the Wroclaw Medical University (Approval No. \u0026mdash; 172/2019 from March 5\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e 2019). All study participants gave written consent to participate in the study. All procedures were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor information\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaria Magdalena Bujnowska-Fedak, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-4624-5025\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMateusz Sobieski, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-1371-1659\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJoanna Walig\u0026oacute;ra, \u0026nbsp;[email protected], ORCID: 0009-0000-3903-2219\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMartyna Pałys, [email protected]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank participating patients and their families for their involvement in the study. We would also like to acknowledge Aleksandra Fedak, resident in general surgery, for her help/assistance in conducting the exercise games training and data collection. The authors express their appreciation to Tomasz Kujawa for his methodological and statistical help.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. Journals Gerontol - Ser Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWalston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Newman AB, Studenski SA et al. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults. 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Front Digit Heal. 2025;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3389/FDGTH.2025.1495135\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/FDGTH.2025.1495135\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"exergaming, exergames, frailty, older adults, primary care, cognitive abilities, psychological frailty, satisfaction, quality of life","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7830163/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7830163/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExergames represent an emerging area of research in the rehabilitation of individuals with frailty. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of exergames on the cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life of 65\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;older adults with frailty and pre-frailty syndrome. Moreover, the study assessed participants\u0026rsquo; motivational awareness and satisfaction with the exergaming intervention, focusing on the fulfillment of their personal needs and the overall perceived quality of the program.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in 111 patients (31 men, 80 women) aged 65\u0026ndash;89 who volunteered for a rehabilitation program. A standardized training program (endurance training with elements of resistance and balance exercises, as well as memory and visual-spatial orientation) was carried out with the use of the innovative ActivLife rehabilitation system, supported by the VRTherapist application and Kinect technology. The participants exercised under the supervision of an instructor for at least 30 minutes twice a week for a period of 6 weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study showed that exergame-based intervention led to meaningful improvements in cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life among older adults with varying levels of frailty. Frail individuals experienced an increase in their MoCA scores, rising from a mean of 22.47 to 24.09 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.91). Similar enhancements were observed in the pre-frail group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.97) and the robust group ( p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99). The study also demonstrated a significant reduction in depression symptoms after exergames intervention in all study groups (GDS scale: frailty p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.015, pre-frailty p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023, robust p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, respectively). Quality of life also improved, most prominently in pre-frail participants (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), who reported benefits in both physical and mental dimensions (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004 respectively). In addition to clinical effects, the intervention increased motivation and overall satisfaction of participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study confirms the general usefulness of implementing of exergames rehabilitation program in older adults. Since exercise game interventions for frail older adults are a new area of research, more research is needed to compare the effectiveness of such form of intervention with other methods of motor-cognitive skills training.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrial registration:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study has been retrospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database and has been assigned the ID NCT07036224\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Can exercise games interventions improve cognitive abilities, mood and quality of life in older people with frailty and pre- frailty syndrome?","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-19 12:07:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7830163/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cabb1348-8f05-403d-99f8-af3ab9336e4a","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T07:55:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-19 12:07:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7830163","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7830163","identity":"rs-7830163","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}