Finite Element Analysis of a Dumbbell-Shaped ZCAS Glass-Ceramic: Stress Distribution and Compressive Performance Evaluation Using COMSOL Multiphysics

Finite Element Analysis of a Dumbbell-Shaped ZCAS Glass-Ceramic: Stress Distribution and Compressive Performance Evaluation Using COMSOL Multiphysics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Finite Element Analysis of a Dumbbell-Shaped ZCAS Glass-Ceramic: Stress Distribution and Compressive Performance Evaluation Using COMSOL Multiphysics Kamal G, Bello A.A, Hamza A.M, Gonto A.M This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555190/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 was performed to assess the compressive mechanical behavior of a dumbbell-shaped Zinc-Calcium-Aluminosilicate (ZCAS) glass-ceramic. A 3D axisymmetric model, 20 mm in total length with top and bottom diameters of 10 mm and an internal wall gap of 2 mm, was created to simulate a hollow, bone-like implant structure. The material was defined as a linear elastic isotropic glass with a Young’s modulus of 70 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.25. A uniaxial compressive load of 20 kN was applied to the top surface, while the bottom surface was fully fixed. The simulation results indicated a maximum axial displacement at the loaded boundary, with greater deformation observed as the wall gap increased. Peak von Mises stress was concentrated in the necked region and inner curvatures, reaching magnitudes on the order of 10² MPa, which aligned closely with analytical estimates. The stress distribution maintained circumferential uniformity due to the axisymmetric model, confirming a primarily uniaxial compressive state. Parametric studies showed that increasing the specimen width lowered peak stress, while enlarging the wall gap considerably intensified localized stress concentrations. These findings indicate that ZCAS glass can endure extreme compressive loads, well beyond typical physiological levels, while behaving elastically, provided its geometric transitions are properly optimized. This study provides a quantitative computational basis for the structural design optimization of ZCAS glass-ceramic implants before physical manufacturing. Biophysics ZCAS glass-ceramic Finite element analysis COMSOL Multiphysics Compressive stress Biomedical implants Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8555190","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":571724799,"identity":"874c9420-6255-4160-88f5-65ce9173a0e1","order_by":0,"name":"Kamal G","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2264-6112","institution":"Federal University of Lafia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kamal","middleName":"","lastName":"G","suffix":""},{"id":571724800,"identity":"5bfce4a7-4d4a-4c82-a314-786089b90a55","order_by":1,"name":"Bello A.A","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Lafia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bello","middleName":"","lastName":"A.A","suffix":""},{"id":571724801,"identity":"83340bbe-3aa4-4d93-bb07-3ce826d6fcac","order_by":2,"name":"Hamza A.M","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Lafia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hamza","middleName":"","lastName":"A.M","suffix":""},{"id":571724802,"identity":"2ba688e2-488a-47d7-9c2e-57476b177f69","order_by":3,"name":"Gonto A.M","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ahmadu Bello University Zaria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gonto","middleName":"","lastName":"A.M","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-08 21:58:35","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555190/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555190/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100361198,"identity":"1d280e3f-2568-477a-92b7-c8a493c4dfdb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:44:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":749360,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FiniteElementAnalysisofaDumbbellShapedZCAS.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8555190/v1_covered_759edae2-b792-44a8-b143-9e6899a5a75c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFinite Element Analysis of a Dumbbell-Shaped ZCAS Glass-Ceramic:\r\u003cbr\u003e\nStress Distribution and Compressive Performance Evaluation Using\r\u003cbr\u003e\nCOMSOL Multiphysics\r\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Federal University Lafia","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"ZCAS glass-ceramic, Finite element analysis, COMSOL Multiphysics, Compressive stress, Biomedical implants","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555190/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555190/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFinite Element Analysis (FEA) using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 was performed to assess the compressive mechanical behavior of a dumbbell-shaped Zinc-Calcium-Aluminosilicate (ZCAS) glass-ceramic. A 3D axisymmetric model, 20 mm in total length with top and bottom diameters of 10 mm and an internal wall gap of 2 mm, was created to simulate a hollow, bone-like implant structure. The material was defined as a linear elastic isotropic glass with a Young’s modulus of 70 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.25. A uniaxial compressive load of 20 kN was applied to the top surface, while the bottom surface was fully fixed. The simulation results indicated a maximum axial displacement at the loaded boundary, with greater deformation observed as the wall gap increased. Peak von Mises stress was concentrated in the necked region and inner curvatures, reaching magnitudes on the order of 10² MPa, which aligned closely with analytical estimates. The stress distribution maintained circumferential uniformity due to the axisymmetric model, confirming a primarily uniaxial compressive state. Parametric studies showed that increasing the specimen width lowered peak stress, while enlarging the wall gap considerably intensified localized stress concentrations. These findings indicate that ZCAS glass can endure extreme compressive loads, well beyond typical physiological levels, while behaving elastically, provided its geometric transitions are properly optimized. This study provides a quantitative computational basis for the structural design optimization of ZCAS glass-ceramic implants before physical manufacturing.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Finite Element Analysis of a Dumbbell-Shaped ZCAS Glass-Ceramic:\n\nStress Distribution and Compressive Performance Evaluation Using\n\nCOMSOL Multiphysics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-12 05:00:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8555190/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a5066ad9-5094-4b9b-bb5f-95108fb522bc","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 12th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":60842527,"name":"Biophysics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-12T05:00:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-12 05:00:32","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8555190","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8555190","identity":"rs-8555190","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}