Proteinase-activated receptors in the endometrium and endometriosis

This review paper examines proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), focusing on PAR1 and PAR2, and their roles in the endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. It summarizes evidence that PAR1 and PAR2 are expressed in eutopic endometrial cells and in endometriotic cells, with thrombin and tryptase (typical activators of PAR1 and PAR2, respectively) produced in both endometrial tissue and endometriotic lesions. The paper reports that PAR1 activation in endometrial stromal cells increases vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases while enhancing plasminogen activator activities, whereas PAR2 activation stimulates IL-8 and stem cell factor production and cell proliferation; in endometriotic stromal cells, PAR1 and PAR2 activation similarly drive cytokine/mediator production and proliferation (including IL-8, MCP-1, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8). As a review, it does not present new experimental data and explicitly synthesizes prior findings to argue for PAR1 and PAR2 as possible therapeutic targets. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it reviews PAR1/PAR2 expression and activation in endometriotic versus eutopic endometrial stromal cells and lesion-derived cells.

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