An exponential model for strain softening behavior of sensitive clays

An exponential model for strain softening behavior of sensitive clays | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An exponential model for strain softening behavior of sensitive clays Sarah Jacob, Ali Saeidi, Rama Vara Prasad Chavali, Abouzar Sadrekarimi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956899/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Strain softening in sensitive clays is a major cause of retrogressive landslides. The assessment of post failure movements like retrogression or run out in such landslides requires detailed data regarding the post peak parameters, especially in terms of stress and strain at remoulded state. The limitations concerning experimental studies in this regard is well known which has often led to the use of mathematical and analytical models in assessing strain softening. Here, an exponential model to predict strain softening is proposed by making use of triaxial testing data. The model is developed through a series of triaxial testing results collected from ten different sites in Eastern Canada. The developed softening equation is governed by the peak undrained shear strength, sensitivity of the clay, ease of strength reduction from the peak to the remoulded state and the strain at remoulded strength. The main advantage is that a quick and reasonable evaluation of the softening behaviour of the sensitive clay maybe carried out through experimental studies. The prediction of strain at remoulded state is an important outcome of this study and is consistent with field data. Keeping in mind the effect of geological and topographical factors in the estimation of post failure movements in retrogressive landslides, an attempt has been made to conduct a preliminary assessment of the retrogression distance through the strain at remoulded state. sensitive clays strain softening triaxial test retrogressive landslides post failure movement Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3956899","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":273368100,"identity":"3b4597da-c097-488f-a80f-35da19223ed1","order_by":0,"name":"Sarah Jacob","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCAwwMjA02ciRrSTNmYCPJIsaGw4kNRGuRbzz88MPHHczp/fI9Bsw8ZXbyDOyHH+DVYnDgmLHkzDNsuTPbeIBaziUbNvCkGeDXwnDAjJm3jSd3wzGgFt425gQGCQb8WuQbjn8DqpRIt4doqQdqYf+A3zMHzoBsMUgwYANrOQzUwkPAYQfOFAP9kmA441hawcE5544btvHkFOB32IzjG4Eh9l+ev/nwxgdvyqrl+dmPb8DvMIkDSI4ExSfh+OFvQOaRlgRGwSgYBaNghAAAVyJCAn86VpAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sarah","middleName":"","lastName":"Jacob","suffix":""},{"id":273368101,"identity":"6402a017-cd19-4d0b-a584-89218c3d760e","order_by":1,"name":"Ali Saeidi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"","lastName":"Saeidi","suffix":""},{"id":273368102,"identity":"a25b60c6-5727-434d-b351-783548dc2f8c","order_by":2,"name":"Rama Vara Prasad Chavali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rama","middleName":"Vara Prasad","lastName":"Chavali","suffix":""},{"id":273368103,"identity":"1a12931b-e076-4a32-b715-6990470906e2","order_by":3,"name":"Abouzar Sadrekarimi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Western University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abouzar","middleName":"","lastName":"Sadrekarimi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-14 20:18:54","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956899/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956899/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":65712682,"identity":"1a16be8e-7d9b-46af-93c9-39b86c969dcc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-01 15:01:55","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":953216,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956899/v1_covered_d4565367-8289-4269-ac98-54d0e0d85764.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An exponential model for strain softening behavior of sensitive clays","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"sensitive clays, strain softening, triaxial test, retrogressive landslides, post failure movement","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956899/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956899/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eStrain softening in sensitive clays is a major cause of retrogressive landslides. The assessment of post failure movements like retrogression or run out in such landslides requires detailed data regarding the post peak parameters, especially in terms of stress and strain at remoulded state. The limitations concerning experimental studies in this regard is well known which has often led to the use of mathematical and analytical models in assessing strain softening. Here, an exponential model to predict strain softening is proposed by making use of triaxial testing data. The model is developed through a series of triaxial testing results collected from ten different sites in Eastern Canada. The developed softening equation is governed by the peak undrained shear strength, sensitivity of the clay, ease of strength reduction from the peak to the remoulded state and the strain at remoulded strength. The main advantage is that a quick and reasonable evaluation of the softening behaviour of the sensitive clay maybe carried out through experimental studies. 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