Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Built-up Area Expansion in South-Western Nigerian City Suburbs

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Built-up Area Expansion in South-Western Nigerian City Suburbs | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Built-up Area Expansion in South-Western Nigerian City Suburbs Adedolapo Oloruntoba Asiyanbi, Olajoke Abolade, Jacob Ayorinde Adejare This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212863/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study analysed the spatiotemporal changes in the suburbs of South-Western Nigerian cities from 1998 to 2024, with the aim of informing land use management and enabling stakeholders to address associated physical planning challenges. Three state capitals and their suburbs were purposively selected for the study: Akure (Ilara-Mokin), Osogbo (Owode-Ede), and Ado-Ekiti (Iyin-Ekiti).The study employed ArcGIS Desktop 10.3, Erdas Imagine 2014, and ENVI 5.0 for Land use/land cover classification and change detection, and least square techniques were employed to analyze trends in land use/land cover changes.The results revealed a notable increase in built-up area expansion across all the suburbs: Ilara-Mokin (4.75km², 59.45%). Owode-Ede (8.68km², 84.03%), and Iyin-Ekiti (5.25km², 75.14%), while other land uses declined, negatively affecting agricultural land and farming. The least squares model revealed a positive linear relationship between year (x) and built-up area expansion(y) as follows: Ilara-Mokin, y = 1.63 + 0.155x, y = 1.35 + 0.326x. and Iyin-Ekitiy = 1.17 + 0.155x,indicating an increasing trend in built-up area expansion between 1998 and 2024.The study concludes that the built-up expansion in the suburbs is happening at an unprecedented rate, resulting in the decline of other land uses, which may affect the livelihood of suburban dwellers who depend on agriculture. Therefore, proactive planning procedures are recommended to mitigate the potential negative consequences of the built-up area expansion in the suburbs. Spatio-temporal Built-up Expansion Suburb and Land use Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 06 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 02 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 02 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9212863","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":625263354,"identity":"1e54616d-4c20-4869-a7da-d610bd772c56","order_by":0,"name":"Adedolapo Oloruntoba Asiyanbi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYgcYCHgSGB8QFEJIF4LcwGRGoBgwMglWwSRGnh7z/cJvFzxx0Z/vbkY9WVbXcY+NlzDJgLfuHWInEjsU2y98wzHokzz9Junm17xiDZ88aAeWYfHmtuMLZJ8LYd5mG4kWN2s7HtMIPBDaAtvD24dcifP9gm+ReoRf5G/rdCkBZ7QloMDiS2SYNsARrOxgi2RQKohecHbi2GNxKbrWXbnvEYnnlmLNlw7jDIUwWHeRtwa5E7f/zhzbdtd+zljic//NhQdlgOGHQbH/P8weN9BgYWCWQeD4g4wNiGVwvzByyC+G0ZBaNgFIyCkQUA1lRYxNVNSTsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Redeemer's University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adedolapo","middleName":"Oloruntoba","lastName":"Asiyanbi","suffix":""},{"id":625263355,"identity":"8a1da973-94d1-4bb6-8e71-58dd2b538083","order_by":1,"name":"Olajoke Abolade","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"LadokeAkintola University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Olajoke","middleName":"","lastName":"Abolade","suffix":""},{"id":625263356,"identity":"eb8a1d90-d2a7-4e64-829a-ac89ef7e9106","order_by":2,"name":"Jacob Ayorinde Adejare","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Redeemer's University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jacob","middleName":"Ayorinde","lastName":"Adejare","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-24 13:54:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212863/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212863/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107661746,"identity":"1aef3e18-c196-4d24-a346-5d58a9b59f26","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-23 17:15:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1176666,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedAsiyanbietal.SpatiotemporalPaper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9212863/v1_covered_8a71cf98-2342-4eaf-94b0-2bea93d13f80.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSpatio-Temporal Analysis of Built-up Area Expansion in South-Western Nigerian City Suburbs\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-cities","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Cities](https://www.springer.com/journal/44327)","snPcode":"44327","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44327/3","title":"Discover Cities","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Spatio-temporal, Built-up, Expansion, Suburb and Land use","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212863/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212863/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study analysed the spatiotemporal changes in the suburbs of South-Western Nigerian cities from 1998 to 2024, with the aim of informing land use management and enabling stakeholders to address associated physical planning challenges. 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