Screening and Identification of Potential iNOS Inhibitors to Curtail Cervical Cancer Progression: An in-Silico Drug Repurposing Approach

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This study screened FDA-approved drugs and small molecules using molecular docking to identify potential iNOS inhibitors, finding Degarelix, Goserelin, Triptorelin pamoate, and Venetoclax as promising candidates to target iNOS for cervical cancer.

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The study used an in-silico drug repurposing workflow to screen FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs and small molecules for inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS/NOS2) as a potential way to curtail cervical cancer progression. After geometric optimization and energy minimization of ligand structures, the authors performed molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker and selected ligands based on MolDock score, Rerank score, and hydrogen-bonding energy, reporting that Degarelix, Goserelin, Triptorelin pamoate, and venetoclax showed the strongest predicted binding affinities to NOS2. A major limitation explicitly implied by the approach is that results are computational docking predictions rather than experimental validation in biological systems. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis, but it is included in the corpus because it references iNOS/NOS2–related tumor/inflammation biology.

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Abstract

Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide and remains the main reason of mortality amongst women of reproductive age in developing countries. Nitric oxide is involved in several physiological functions inclusive of inflammatory and immune responses. However, the function of NO in tumor biology is debatable. The inducibleNOS (iNOS/NOS2) isoform is the oneresponsible to maintain the levels of NO and it exhibits pleotropic effects in various cancer with concentration-dependent pro- and anti-tumor effects.NOS2 triggers angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration in tumors by regulating the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In drug discovery, drug repurposing involves investigations of approved drug candidates to treat various other diseases. In this study, we used FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs and small molecules to target iNOS and identify a potential selective iNOS inhibitor. The structures of ligands were geometrically optimized, and energy minimized using Hyperchem software. Molecular docking was performed using Molegro virtual docker and ligands were selected based on MolDock score,Rerank score, and H-bonding energy. In the study showed 4 compounds, Degarelix, Goserelin, Triptorelin pamoate, and venetoclax demonstrated excellent binding affinity to NOS2 protein. These compounds exhibited the lowest MolDock score, Rerank score, with better H-bonding energy to NOS2. Based on the results theses ligands project to be promising potential NOS2 inhibitors to curtail cervical cancer progression
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Screening and Identification of Potential iNOS Inhibitors to Curtail Cervical Cancer Progression: An in-Silico Drug Repurposing Approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Screening and Identification of Potential iNOS Inhibitors to Curtail Cervical Cancer Progression: An in-Silico Drug Repurposing Approach PAVAN KUMAR POLEBOYINA, SMITA C PAWAR, AKBAR PASHA, RAVINDER DONETI, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-674491/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2021 Read the published version in Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide and remains the main reason of mortality amongst women of reproductive age in developing countries. Nitric oxide is involved in several physiological functions inclusive of inflammatory and immune responses. However, the function of NO in tumor biology is debatable. The inducibleNOS (iNOS/NOS2) isoform is the oneresponsible to maintain the levels of NO and it exhibits pleotropic effects in various cancer with concentration-dependent pro- and anti-tumor effects.NOS2 triggers angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration in tumors by regulating the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In drug discovery, drug repurposing involves investigations of approved drug candidates to treat various other diseases. In this study, we used FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs and small molecules to target iNOS and identify a potential selective iNOS inhibitor. The structures of ligands were geometrically optimized, and energy minimized using Hyperchem software. Molecular docking was performed using Molegro virtual docker and ligands were selected based on MolDock score,Rerank score, and H-bonding energy. In the study showed 4 compounds, Degarelix, Goserelin, Triptorelin pamoate, and venetoclax demonstrated excellent binding affinity to NOS2 protein. These compounds exhibited the lowest MolDock score, Rerank score, with better H-bonding energy to NOS2. Based on the results theses ligands project to be promising potential NOS2 inhibitors to curtail cervical cancer progression Applied Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioengineering NOS2 (iNOS) Nitric Oxide Synthase Cervical Cancer Drug repurposing FDA approved anti-cancer drugs Small Molecules Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2021 Read the published version in Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology → Version 1 posted Reviewers invited by journal 04 Jul, 2021 Reviews received at journal 04 Jul, 2021 Editor invited by journal 30 Jun, 2021 First submitted to journal 30 Jun, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-674491","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":37495012,"identity":"73c8dfda-f85d-4ecd-a95d-519be45f0bd3","order_by":0,"name":"PAVAN KUMAR 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