Analysis of Compliance Costs for Different Marine Fuels under the GFI Accounting Method: A Case Study of a 210,000-ton Bulk Carrier

Analysis of Compliance Costs for Different Marine Fuels under the GFI Accounting Method: A Case Study of a 210,000-ton Bulk Carrier | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Case Report Analysis of Compliance Costs for Different Marine Fuels under the GFI Accounting Method: A Case Study of a 210,000-ton Bulk Carrier YanJun Jian, Xiaming Fu, Yuwei Cui, Gege Ding, ChunHui Lu, ZiChao Li, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8962252/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the implementation of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Net-Zero Framework, the shipping industry faces new challenges in emission reduction. This study focuses on the two-tier greenhouse gas fuel intensity (GFI) target system of the IMO Net-Zero Framework and the compliance mechanisms of different marine fuels. By constructing a comprehensive assessment framework integrating GFI and fuel prices, we adopted a mixed-methods approach combining life cycle assessment (LCA), financial cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and case study validation to quantitatively analyze the compliance costs of traditional fossil fuels and green fuels. Taking a 210,000-ton bulk carrier as a case study, based on its fuel consumption data in 2024, the compliance costs of using different fuels are calculated and compared in detail. The results show that traditional fossil fuels will face increasing compliance costs under the IMO Net-Zero Framework, while green fuels, such as biomethanol, have significant emission reduction advantages. The price and life-cycle greenhouse gas emission intensity of green fuels directly affect their compliance costs. When the price of biomethanol (with a life-cycle greenhouse gas emission intensity of 33 gCO 2 eq/MJ) is around USD 640 per ton, its comprehensive cost of use is comparable to that of traditional fossil fuels. This study provides important references for fuel selection and emission reduction strategies in the shipping industry under the Net-Zero Framework. net-zero framework gas fuel intensity compliance cost marine fuel biomethanol life cycle assessment Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 18 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 13 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 07 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 07 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 24 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8962252","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Case Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":606981636,"identity":"f49443ca-92fd-4ecd-a9c2-5913f225fdb1","order_by":0,"name":"YanJun Jian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Rules \u0026 Research Institute of China Classification Society","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"YanJun","middleName":"","lastName":"Jian","suffix":""},{"id":606981637,"identity":"333f7c2f-efb3-47eb-9334-eb1efb7d844f","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaming 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