NEMA NU2 2018 Performance Evaluation of the NeuroLF 10mm Version "Basic" Brain PET Scanner

NEMA NU2 2018 Performance Evaluation of the NeuroLF 10mm Version "Basic" Brain PET Scanner | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article NEMA NU2 2018 Performance Evaluation of the NeuroLF 10mm Version "Basic" Brain PET Scanner Ekaterina Mikhaylova, Max L Ahnen, Henryk Barthel, Jan Debus, and 12 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7471515/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: This work presents the NEMA NU2 2018 performance evaluation of the NeuroLF Basic, a compact and fully integrated brain positron emission tomography (PET) system based on 10-mm-long LYSO crystals. The evaluation includes measurements and simulations of spatial resolution, scatter fraction, noise equivalent count rate (NECR), accuracy of corrections, image quality, and sensitivity, following standardized protocols to ensure reliable and reproducible results. Results: The average filtered-back-projection spatial resolution, measured at 1 cm and 10 cm radial offsets, was found to be 2.56 mm and 3.82 mm, respectively, highlighting the system’s ability to capture details essential for neuroimaging applications. The scatter fraction was determined to be 24.2% at the peak NECR, reflecting the system’s capability to minimize unwanted scattered events. The peak NECR was measured at 55.3 kcps at an activity concentration of 8.1 kBq/mL, demonstrating the system’s efficiency in handling typical neuroimaging count rates with optimal signal-to-noise characteristics. NeuroLF shows excellent accuracy of corrections at 3.7% and good image contrast for hot vials in a warm background in the adapted image quality procedure with the ACR Esser phantom, achieving values of 87.5%, 77%, 60%, and 35.8% for 25-, 16-, 12-, and 8-mm-diameter vials, respectively, with a maximum background variability of 10% for the 8-mm-diameter vial. Sensitivity, evaluated using a 70-cm-long line source, was measured at 5.85 cps/kBq at the center of the field of view and 8.08 cps/kBq at a 10 cm radial offset, confirming the system’s good capability to detect 511 keV gamma photons. The measured NEMA NU2 2018 results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results, validating the accuracy of the simulated NeuroLF model for future research and system optimization. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the NeuroLF’s potential to deliver high-quality images, good detection efficiency, and robust quantitative performance, making it a valuable tool for clinical applications in neuroimaging. The comprehensive NEMA NU2 2018 evaluation demonstrates NeuroLF’s performance. Biomedical Engineering Brain PET NeuroLF NEMA NU2 2018 Performance evaluation Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: Authors Osama Sabri and Bernhard Sattler are advisory board members of Positrigo. The rest of authors declare that they have no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7471515","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":506363037,"identity":"badc73bf-5263-41fd-82fe-48c36cb375f5","order_by":0,"name":"Ekaterina Mikhaylova","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ekaterina","middleName":"","lastName":"Mikhaylova","suffix":""},{"id":506364477,"identity":"168fbce8-98ee-42a9-ab64-582ce0334c09","order_by":1,"name":"Max L Ahnen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Max","middleName":"L","lastName":"Ahnen","suffix":""},{"id":506364478,"identity":"9b867305-3c90-497a-936b-1f40d2bea934","order_by":2,"name":"Henryk Barthel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leipzig Medical Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Henryk","middleName":"","lastName":"Barthel","suffix":""},{"id":506364479,"identity":"013125fd-8c5e-49dd-8745-4b4646ba24b8","order_by":3,"name":"Jan Debus","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jan","middleName":"","lastName":"Debus","suffix":""},{"id":506364480,"identity":"919200d7-57d8-45d4-a6b1-7dc00225262f","order_by":4,"name":"Jannis Fischer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jannis","middleName":"","lastName":"Fischer","suffix":""},{"id":506364481,"identity":"974c5c26-4fe2-49c0-9d65-cc076227a99e","order_by":5,"name":"Martin Huellner","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital Zurich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Martin","middleName":"","lastName":"Huellner","suffix":""},{"id":506364482,"identity":"d4c1b632-568c-478f-8606-f40c14f1211f","order_by":6,"name":"Markus Jehl","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Markus","middleName":"","lastName":"Jehl","suffix":""},{"id":506364483,"identity":"02f45637-cbf4-49d4-9cda-d8cb8f20d725","order_by":7,"name":"Philipp A Kaufmann","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital Zurich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Philipp","middleName":"A","lastName":"Kaufmann","suffix":""},{"id":506364484,"identity":"ee9f92ac-159d-49a1-8445-62145da336a1","order_by":8,"name":"Michael Rullmann","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leipzig Medical Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michael","middleName":"","lastName":"Rullmann","suffix":""},{"id":506364485,"identity":"658b5ccb-8bad-44bc-9775-f64b58a9276a","order_by":9,"name":"Bernhard Sattler","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leipzig Medical Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bernhard","middleName":"","lastName":"Sattler","suffix":""},{"id":506364486,"identity":"e47ee41b-991d-4a3e-8a26-0b5f1eca707e","order_by":10,"name":"Karen G Steinhoff","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leipzig Medical Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karen","middleName":"G","lastName":"Steinhoff","suffix":""},{"id":506364487,"identity":"75ebf4cf-54b3-4bde-8a57-f3b550f52c39","order_by":11,"name":"Juan Streb","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Juan","middleName":"","lastName":"Streb","suffix":""},{"id":506364488,"identity":"aa11c8bb-fd39-40c5-ab23-ddc18af271e5","order_by":12,"name":"Solveig Tiepolt","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leipzig Medical Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Solveig","middleName":"","lastName":"Tiepolt","suffix":""},{"id":506364489,"identity":"f0ba5a85-42e4-4c5b-b211-7401a73d5fc5","order_by":13,"name":"Valerie Treyer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital Zurich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Valerie","middleName":"","lastName":"Treyer","suffix":""},{"id":506364490,"identity":"4d48b292-e502-4f08-ab10-afe40b0b909f","order_by":14,"name":"Osama Sabri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leipzig Medical Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Osama","middleName":"","lastName":"Sabri","suffix":""},{"id":506364491,"identity":"93037a44-185b-48df-9992-0ad23b9f5ddd","order_by":15,"name":"Ilaria Sacco","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ilaria","middleName":"","lastName":"Sacco","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-27 12:09:45","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":true,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7471515/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7471515/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":90061461,"identity":"9782e299-291c-41a3-b027-41f8ba52c085","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-28 03:36:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":718310,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EJPHD25001962.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7471515/v1_covered_3e7771ed-7ad1-4b2a-9ccc-3a07629c97bd.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: Authors Osama Sabri and Bernhard Sattler are advisory board members of Positrigo. The rest of authors declare that they have no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eNEMA NU2 2018 Performance Evaluation of the NeuroLF 10mm Version \"Basic\" Brain PET Scanner\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Positrigo AG","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Brain PET, NeuroLF, NEMA NU2 2018, Performance evaluation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7471515/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7471515/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e This work presents the NEMA NU2 2018 performance evaluation of the NeuroLF Basic, a compact and fully integrated brain positron emission tomography (PET) system based on 10-mm-long LYSO crystals. The evaluation includes measurements and simulations of spatial resolution, scatter fraction, noise equivalent count rate (NECR), accuracy of corrections, image quality, and sensitivity, following standardized protocols to ensure reliable and reproducible results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e The average filtered-back-projection spatial resolution, measured at 1 cm and 10 cm radial offsets, was found to be 2.56 mm and 3.82 mm, respectively, highlighting the system’s ability to capture details essential for neuroimaging applications. The scatter fraction was determined to be 24.2% at the peak NECR, reflecting the system’s capability to minimize unwanted scattered events. The peak NECR was measured at 55.3 kcps at an activity concentration of 8.1 kBq/mL, demonstrating the system’s efficiency in handling typical neuroimaging count rates with optimal signal-to-noise characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeuroLF shows excellent accuracy of corrections at 3.7% and good image contrast for hot vials in a warm background in the adapted image quality procedure with the ACR Esser phantom, achieving values of 87.5%, 77%, 60%, and 35.8% for 25-, 16-, 12-, and 8-mm-diameter vials, respectively, with a maximum background variability of 10% for the 8-mm-diameter vial. Sensitivity, evaluated using a 70-cm-long line source, was measured at 5.85 cps/kBq at the center of the field of view and 8.08 cps/kBq at a 10 cm radial offset, confirming the system’s good capability to detect 511 keV gamma photons.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe measured NEMA NU2 2018 results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results, validating the accuracy of the simulated NeuroLF model for future research and system optimization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c/strong\u003e These results demonstrate the NeuroLF’s potential to deliver high-quality images, good detection efficiency, and robust quantitative performance, making it a valuable tool for clinical applications in neuroimaging. The comprehensive NEMA NU2 2018 evaluation demonstrates NeuroLF’s performance.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"NEMA NU2 2018 Performance Evaluation of the NeuroLF 10mm Version \"Basic\" Brain PET Scanner","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-28 03:28:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7471515/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5b78ef93-e691-45df-bca1-7092cd2a6ab4","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":53785448,"name":"Biomedical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-28T03:28:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-28 03:28:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7471515","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7471515","identity":"rs-7471515","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}