A Shallow Water Model for Estimating Water Level During Tropical Storms Along the Coast of Bangladesh

A Shallow Water Model for Estimating Water Level During Tropical Storms Along the Coast of Bangladesh | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Shallow Water Model for Estimating Water Level During Tropical Storms Along the Coast of Bangladesh Shihan Miah, Muhammad Nasimul Haque, Farzana Hussain, Muhammad Mizanur Rahman This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7541881/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The coastal region of Bangladesh is surrounded by coastline except to the south and there are several small and large islands in the offshore region. The coastlines are morphologically complex and it is extremely challenging to represent them accurately in the numerical scheme. To address this complexity, it is necessary to consider a very fine grid along the coastal zones whereas this is unnecessary away from the coasts. An approximately orthogonal grid system developed to solve vertically integrated shallow water equations along the coastal region of Bangladesh, utilising an in-house python code. The grid system consists a set of straight lines at a uniform angular distance through the origin O, at ( 23 0 N, 90 . 25 0 E) in the mean sea level (MSL) and a system of uniformly distributed concentric ellipses with the same centre as straight lines. To use finite difference scheme in numerical computation, the original grid system is transformed into a rectangular form in the transformed domain by applying suitable transformations. The model is applied to predict the water levels at different coastal and island stations associated with the recent storms Amphan and Bulbul that hit the coast of Bangladesh. The computational results are in good agreement with the observational data. Applied Mathematics Shallow water equations finite difference semi-implicit method tide-surge interaction Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7541881","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":510628666,"identity":"9be9c969-ab8f-4db0-945f-0f95f34096aa","order_by":0,"name":"Shihan Miah","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcY2MM3GwMP4gIHBAsxhbCBSC7MBkEuMFqBiCOBhkyBKi/zs5rYHP3cwRPOxnz1WzdsmwcDffoBNcgYeLQZ3DrYb9p5hyG3jyUu7DdIicSaBTXIDPi0SiW0SvG1ALQw5Zrd5twEddoOBTfIBPofNSGyT/AvSwv/GrBikRZ6QFoYbiW3SYFskcsyYQVoMQFrwOgykRbZNAqjljbHk3H8SPIZnEpst8Xlffkb6M8m3bTa58/tzDD+8OWMjJ3f88MGbPfgcBgEScBYPoYgcBaNgFIyCUUAEAAAyqUTdq7p5mgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of West London","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shihan","middleName":"","lastName":"Miah","suffix":""},{"id":510629901,"identity":"43d5c3eb-5c55-4bcb-bfd2-1acae9768e8f","order_by":1,"name":"Muhammad Nasimul Haque","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Nasimul","lastName":"Haque","suffix":""},{"id":510629902,"identity":"3821774b-40fd-4b0d-b35a-edfff3136951","order_by":2,"name":"Farzana Hussain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huston Tilloston University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Farzana","middleName":"","lastName":"Hussain","suffix":""},{"id":510629903,"identity":"f1fa7385-5941-43aa-a638-138568459d73","order_by":3,"name":"Muhammad Mizanur Rahman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shahjalal University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Mizanur","lastName":"Rahman","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-05 07:44:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7541881/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7541881/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91149300,"identity":"fb2bada1-37d9-4097-8ca5-5e10315d0bc9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-12 06:48:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":989115,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SSMManuscriptdoc.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7541881/v1_covered_2aa5900f-f804-40cc-8554-6c395c253f09.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA Shallow Water Model for Estimating Water Level During Tropical Storms Along the Coast of Bangladesh\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of West London","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Shallow water equations, finite difference, semi-implicit method, tide-surge interaction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7541881/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7541881/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe coastal region of Bangladesh is surrounded by coastline except to the south and there are several small and large islands in the offshore region. The coastlines are morphologically complex and it is extremely challenging to represent them accurately in the numerical scheme. To address this complexity, it is necessary to consider a very fine grid along the coastal zones whereas this is unnecessary away from the coasts. An approximately orthogonal grid system developed to solve vertically integrated shallow water equations along the coastal region of Bangladesh, utilising an in-house python code. The grid system consists a set of straight lines at a uniform angular distance through the origin O, at (\u003cb\u003e23\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e N, \u003cb\u003e90\u003c/b\u003e.\u003cb\u003e25\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e E) in the mean sea level (MSL) and a system of uniformly distributed concentric ellipses with the same centre as straight lines. 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