Practices and Attitudes of Adult Psychiatrists Regarding Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder: An Internet Based Survey Conducted in Turkey

Practices and Attitudes of Adult Psychiatrists Regarding Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder: An Internet Based Survey Conducted in Turkey | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Practices and Attitudes of Adult Psychiatrists Regarding Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder: An Internet Based Survey Conducted in Turkey Mehmet Hamdi Örüm, Yaşar Kapıcı, Doğancan Sönmez, Ali Baran Tanrıkulu, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117935/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purposes : Many variables such as psychiatric training, experiences, institution, and region characteristics may affect approaches of psychiatrists to methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder (MAP) treatment. This study was aimed to reach adult psychiatrists actively practicing in Turkey through an internet-based survey and to determine their practices and attitudes to MAP treatment. Methods : This was an internet-based, double-blind, quantitative, cross-sectional, psychiatrist approach-based observational survey. Participants were divided into three groups based on their answers: Those who do not follow-up any MAP patient were group 1 (n=78), partially involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP were group 2 (n=128), completely involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP were group 3 (n=202). Results : There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of age (p<0.001), working duration in psychiatry (p<0.001), and institution and psychiatric training characteristics (p<0.001). Psychotropic preferences in insomnia (p<0.001), typical oral antipsychotic choice (p<0.001), preferred doses of olanzapine/risperidone/aripiprazole/amisulpride for maintenance treatment (p<0.001), long-acting injectable antipsychotic use practices (p<0.001), non-antipsychotic psychotropic use characteristics (p<0.001), extrapyramidal system side effect experiences (p<0.001), delirium and life-threatening situations encounter rates (p<0.001) were significantly different between group 2 and group 3. While the duration of maintenance with antipsychotics in the first MAP episode was similar between group 2 and group 3 (p=0.254), it was different in the second and subsequent MAP episodes (p<0.05). The attitudes of male and female participants were similar on almost all issues. A binary logistic regression model containing the experiences of LAI antipsychotic use, extrapyramidal system side effect and delirium was created (overall p<0.001, Nagelkerke R 2 =0.435; Hosmer and Lemeshow test p=0.203). Conclusions : This first study in the field, which examines the current issue in detail, reveals that there are many factors that seriously affect psychiatrists' approaches to MAP treatment in Turkey. The most important result of this study is that psychiatrists make courageous decisions as their experience participating in all phases of MAP treatment increases. Prescription pattern Prescription practice Treatment approach Psychotropic selection Psychotropic preferences Prescription trend Treatment attitude Methamphetamine Psychosis Introduction According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report published in 2023, an estimated 36 million people used amphetamines in 2021, representing 0.7 per cent of the global population. While the prevalence of use is highest in North America, the largest number of users of amphetamines are found in East and South-East Asia. Record-high quantities of amphetamine-type stimulants were seized in 2021, dominated by methamphetamine at the global level [ 1 ]. The most often used form of methamphetamine is crystal, which has strong addictive effects and is typically smoked, injected, or inhaled. Due to the lipophilic nature of methamphetamine, when it is administered, it quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the bloodstream before penetrating the brain. Methamphetamine's half-life varies depending on how it is absorbed, however it typically lasts five to thirty hours. Due to the rapid onset and termination of its effects, methamphetamine users may need repeated doses [ 2 ]. Repeated use of methamphetamine, which also has a place in the second-line treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, severe obesity and narcolepsy, under uncontrolled conditions can lead to methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) [ 3 ]. Methamphetamine use has various neuropsychiatric complications. Increased alertness, irritability, loss of appetite, and overconfidence are psychiatric symptoms that are more common, especially at low doses. When used in high doses, it can cause fear, restlessness, anxiety, panic attack, psychomotor agitation, and various psychotic symptoms. Prominent psychotic symptoms in methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder (MAP) include ideas of reference, tactile and auditory hallucinations, increased activity, odd speech, and paranoid delusions [ 3 ]. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) defines a substance‐induced psychotic disorder as the presence of hallucinations and delusions developed during, or soon after, intoxication or withdrawal from a substance or medication known to cause psychotic symptoms, such as methamphetamines, and the presence of psychotic symptoms not mediated by another nonsubstance‐induced psychotic disorder that persists longer than one month after substance intoxication or withdrawal [ 4 ]. Many psychiatric symptoms are similar in paranoid schizophrenia and MAP [ 5 ]. However, MAP has aspects that differentiate it from primary psychotic disorder and other drug-associated psychotic disorders. When methamphetamine usage persists, psychotic symptoms usually get worse over time [ 6 ]. It was once believed that methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms would dissipate in a week. Studies have revealed that while most MAP patients have symptom resolution within a month, 30% of MAP patients experienced symptom persistence up to six months, and 10–28% reported symptom persistence longer than six months. Symptoms of MAP have been shown to relapse after long periods of abstinence [ 7 ]. According to the DSM-5-TR, a persistent psychosis that persists six months after quitting methamphetamine may be diagnosed as schizophrenia [ 4 ]. Methamphetamine use is associated with a prevalence of psychotic symptoms ranging from 10–60%, indicating the possibility of unique neurobiological dysregulations in MAP patients. According to literature, the disorder can appear anywhere from 1.7 and 5.2 years after methamphetamine usage begins [ 8 ]. Studies reporting that even a single use of methamphetamine may cause psychotic symptoms indicate that this period should continue to be investigated in future studies [ 9 ]. Methamphetamine seems to mainly impact the mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways. Methamphetamine metabolism inhibits both the vesicular monoamine transporter and the dopamine transporter, which affects dopamine transmission in the central nervous system. Dopamine concentrations rise and may even become neurotoxic when these proteins are inhibited. Glutamate and dopamine signalling are subsequently elevated as a result of altered polysynaptic connections between various dopaminergic systems brought on by elevated dopamine concentrations. After long-term usage, dopaminergic receptor density and function are altered, particularly in the striatum and mesolimbic system. This interferes with feed-forward processes and causes sensitization and addiction [ 8 ]. The mechanism by which methamphetamine causes psychosis has not yet been clearly elucidated. There have been discussions about the validity of a number of methamphetamine-associated animal models for psychosis, including the behavioral sensitization model, the neurotoxicity model, and the escalating dose-binge model [ 7 ]. Studies reveal that gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons may be overloaded by excessive dopamine signalling, which could cause dopamine systems to become dysregulated and perhaps result in psychotic symptoms. This glutamate dysregulation may be brought on by increased neurotoxicity and damage to cortical interneurons, which can degrade N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and cause damage to the cortex. This damage to the brain can then result in MAP-related symptoms [ 8 ]. Worldwide seizures of methamphetamine have increased five-fold over the previous decade, while seizures of cocaine, cannabis, opioids, and opiates have not changed significantly. UNODC highlights the geographical spread of methamphetamine trafficking. Methamphetamine use and manufacture continues to expand from traditional markets such as South-East Asia to new markets such as Western Europe. The recent increase in methamphetamine use and production in Afghanistan causes increasing concerns in Turkey, which serves as a geographical bridge between Asia and Europe [ 1 ]. For these reasons, methamphetamine use and MAP are increasingly problematic for Turkey and require urgent intervention approaches. Psychiatrists play a major role in the management of MAP-related psychiatric problems. As mentioned above, methamphetamine use characteristics have changed over the years and the number of users has increased [ 1 ]. Therefore, it is possible that current psychiatrists have not encountered MAP cases during their specialty training. Additionally, some educational institutions have an inpatient unit, while others do not. Because some inpatient units do not provide adequate conditions, patients with psychotic features cannot be hospitalized. In mental health and disease hospitals, MAP hospitalizations are frequently performed in the form of voluntary and involuntary hospitalizations. In other words, there may be significant differences between treatment approaches acquired in educational institutions with different characteristics at different times. In this case, it is inevitable to experience events in which differences in treatment approaches can be described as inadequacy rather than wealth. It is almost impossible to reach psychiatrists face to face, working anywhere in Turkey to gather their opinions on the current issue and create a road map for MAP management. In addition, people may avoid participating in scientific research during the day or during working hours, or even if they participate, they may be careless in complying with research instructions. Internet offers various tools that we can use to overcome these difficulties that may be encountered in scientific data collection processes. Internet-based survey tools such as Google Forms make it much easier to reach target groups in research. These forms can be created and applied free of charge. In this study, it was aimed to reach psychiatrists actively working in Turkey through an internet-based survey form created using Google Forms and to determine their approaches to MAP treatment. Our hypothesis is that psychiatrists' psychiatry training characteristics and current working conditions affect their approaches to MAP treatment. Based on the results of this study, it will pave the way for organizing in-service training related to MAP management for psychiatrists. Methods This was an internet-based, double-blind, quantitative, cross-sectional, psychiatrist approach-based observational survey. The current survey was conducted by randomly distributing a web questionnaire to psychiatrists included in Yahoo and WhatsApp groups representative of the psychiatrists working actively in Turkey. Sampling Frame The Republic of Turkey is a population of approximately 86 million in a surface area of 783.562 square meters. In Turkey, one graduates as a general practitioner after six years of medical school education. University hospital, training and research hospital, city hospital, mental health and disease hospital are the institutions that provide psychiatry specialty training in Turkey. To become a psychiatry specialist, it is necessary to pass the medical specialization exam. Physicians who choose psychiatry in the medical specialization exam participate in a four-year residency training period in any of the above-mentioned institutions. At the end of this period, the psychiatry resident who writes and presents the medical specialization thesis receives the title of psychiatry specialist. After becoming a psychiatry specialist, it is mandatory to work anywhere in Turkey for periods ranging from 300 days to 600 days, within the scope of the state service obligation law. At the end of this mandatory working period, psychiatry specialists have the right to continue working for the government or to work in private clinics. The population of this study included all psychiatrists working actively in Turkey. All psychiatrists included in this study were medical doctors, specialized in psychiatry, and clinicians actively following-up and treating patients diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Concepts and Institutional Processes The mostprominent centres in the treatment of substance use disorders in ourcountry are the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research, Treatment, and TrainingCentre (AMATEM) and they have been serving since the 1980s in Turkey. MAP follow-up and treatment is carried out in outpatient or inpatient AMATEM clinics or closed psychiatric wards. Hospitalization in the treatment of MAP can be performed voluntarily or involuntarily based on articles 432-437 of the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) obtained from local courts. In this study, the concept of partial or complete involvement of the participants in the treatment of any MAP case is frequently mentioned. By the concept of complete involvement, it is meant situations in which psychotic symptoms are completely eliminated and the patient achieves remission, starting from the first admission of a MAP episode. There is no requirement for the participant to carry out this described treatment process alone. The treatment processes in which he was involved as part of a team consisting of more than one psychiatrists were accepted as his own experience. This information is explained in detail in the introduction to the internet survey. The concept of “working duration in psychiatry” indicates the participant's year in psychiatry. For example, a 2-month psychiatric resident is considered to be in the 1st year. In Turkey, psychiatrists can work in university hospitals, training and research hospitals, city hospitals, provincial state hospitals, district state hospitals, mental health and disease hospitals, community mental health centres, private clinics, and private hospitals. Inpatient treatment units are mostly located in university hospitals, training and research hospitals and mental health and disease hospitals. In city hospitals, there are mostly inmate forensic psychiatry inpatient units and high security forensic psychiatry inpatient units. Community mental health centres are day care centres. In provincial and district state hospitals, there is usually no inpatient treatment unit and it functions as an outpatient clinic. Closed psychiatric wards are only available in mental health and disease hospitals, and with the decision of TCC 432-437, involuntary hospitalizations are only carried out in these hospitals. The number of mental health and disease hospitals in Turkey is 11. All of the institutions mentioned in this study, except the private clinic and private hospital, are managed by the state. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics can be used in the treatment of MAP. In this study, LAI antipsychotics available in Turkey were questioned. These are once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M), zuclopenthixol decanoate depot, risperidone consta, haloperidol decanoate, aripiprazole maintena. Sample Size Calculation When the literature was examined, it was seen that there was no study examining psychiatrists' approaches to MAP in the world or in Turkey. It is estimated that the number of actively working psychiatrists in Turkey is approximately 6000. In order to determine the rate of psychiatrists participating in the treatment process of at least one MAP case, data from the city where the first author was located (Elazığ) were taken into account. Almost all psychiatrists (n=45) working in Elazığ province were contacted and asked whether they had ever followed-up a MAP case. The rate of those who said yes was determined as 78%. Using a population size of 6000 and 78% as the population proportion of MAP follow-up at 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level, a sample of 253 patients diagnosed with MAP would achieve adequate power for this study. Development of Questionnaire The survey draft was developed in collaboration with all authors, who have academic and clinical experience in the field of MAP, and was finalized by the first author. All questions had neutral content and leading questions were avoided. The survey language was Turkish. While creating the survey, literature, psychiatric training in the Turkey, clinical experiences, and local substance use characteristics were taken into consideration. We piloted and further revised the survey based on feedback from eighteen psychiatrists in the field of psychiatry. The survey, created via Google Form (Alphabet, Googleplex, Mountain View, California, United States), was delivered to participants working in the Turkey via Yahoo and WhatsApp groups. Yahoo and WhatsApp groups, which are thought to have similar ones in every country, were unofficial, but they were the groups in which the majority of psychiatrists in Turkey participated (containing approximately five thousand participants from Turkey). These groups were created by known psychiatrists in the country and required a reference from a psychiatrist in the group to join the group. Recruitment Procedure and Consent Process An initial e-mail/message and up to ten e-mail/message reminders were sent to Yahoo and WhatsApp groups. Participants were directed to the Google Form research page by clicking on the "https://" link of this internet-based form. The survey's landing page included information such as the name of the survey, definition of MAP according to the DSM-5-TR, purpose of the study, ethics committee approval information, information that the data will be kept confidential, information that the currently working psychiatrists will participate in the study, the survey does not contain questions that may cause personal sensitivity, and average filling time of the survey. Following this information, the question “Do you approve of participating in this study?” was asked, and those who answered “yes” were offered with three options, of which they could choose only one: (Group 1) I have “never” encountered a patient diagnosed with MAP during my psychiatry life (this option contains 10 questions), (Group 2) I was “partially” involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP (this option contains 59 questions), (Group 3) I was “completely” involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP (this option contains 59 questions). Participants were directed to a different page depending on their answers to these three options. Participants were not able to skip items except for the gender question. Questions on age, gender, working duration in psychiatry, type of institution where the participant works (university hospital, training and research hospital, city hospital, community mental health centre, private hospital, etc.), the institution from which the residency training was received, experience working in a psychiatric inpatient unit, working experience in outpatient or inpatient AMATEM unit were asked to all three options. Apart from these, some options included different questions that would be included in the findings section of the study. Estimated mean completion time for option 1 survey was approximately 1-2 minutes, for option 2 and 3 was 6-8 minutes. The survey was open from October 8, 2023 – November 6, 2023. The survey responses were evaluated separately and together by all researchers. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Those who were not actively practicing psychiatry were not included in the study. There was no age or gender limit. Each response was evaluated on its own. It was planned to exclude discordant respondents from the study. However, it was observed that the participants answered all questions completely and harmoniously, including gender. Therefore, no data were excluded from the study. Only adult psychiatrists were included in the study, and the word psychiatrist used anywhere in the text refers to adult psychiatrists. Ethical Approval and Funding Ethical approval was obtained from the Firat University Non-invasive Research Ethics Committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki was complied with (Date: 14/09/2023; Number: 2023/12-12). All respondents provided their consent for the information provided to be used for research purposes. No funding was declared. Data Extraction, Data Security, Statistical Analysis The web-based survey was hosted on the Google Forms platform, a secure end-to-end encrypted form builder for free to create online forms that capture classified data. Data was downloaded and stored on Microsoft Excel, an application for managing online surveys and databases. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and continuous variables were given as mean±standard deviation, and categorical variables were given as frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical data between the groups and genders. Binary logistic regression analysis was used in group prediction. In regression analysis, the grouping variable (group 2 and group 3) was accepted as the dependent variable, sociodemographic and clinical parameters as the independent variable. The suitability of the independent variable to the model was checked through the Hosmer and Lemeshov test. A p value of less than 0.05 was set as statistical significance. Results Sociodemographic and Psychiatric Training Characteristics of Participants Data from 78 participants (40 females, 38 males) in group 1 were examined. While the mean age was 30.48 ± 6.13 years (min 25 years, max 52 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 3.71 ± 5.56 years (min 1 year, max 25 years). Data from 128 participants (70 females, 58 males) in group 2 were examined. While the mean age was 32.43 ± 4.06 years (min 25 years, max 43 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 5.95 ± 3.59 years (min 1 year, max 16 years). Data from 202 participants (106 females, 96 males) in group 3 were examined. While the mean age was 36.06 ± 7.28 years (min 26 years, max 59 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 9.12 ± 6.21 years (min 1 year, max 30 years). While the mean age of the total participants (n = 408) was 33.86 ± 6.61 years (min 25 years, max 59 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 7.09 ± 5.97 years (min 1 year, max 30 years). There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of age (p < 0.001) and working duration in psychiatry (p < 0.001). All three groups were significantly different from each other in terms of both age and working duration in psychiatry. Sociodemographic and clinic characteristics of groups 1, 2 and, 3 were shown in Table 1 . Table 1 Sociodemographic and Psychiatric Training Data of Participants Variables Group 1 (n = 78) n (%) or mean ± SD Group 2 (n = 128) n (%) or mean ± SD Group 3 (n = 202) n (%) or mean ± SD p value Age (years) 30.48 ± 6.13 32.43 ± 4.06 36.06 ± 7.28 < 0.001** Gender Female 40 (51.28%) 70 (54.68%) 106 (52.47%) 0.878 Male 38 (48.72%) 58 (45.22%) 96 (47.53%) Working duration in psychiatry (years) 3.71 ± 5.56 5.95 ± 3.59 9.12 ± 6.21 < 0.001** Residency training from University hospital 42 (53.84%) 82 (64.06%) 108 (53.46%) < 0.001** Training and research hospital 26 (33.33%) 36 (28.12%) 38 (18.81%) City Hospital 6 (7.69%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (1.00%) Mental health and diseases hospital 4 (5.12%) 10 (7.84%) 54 (26.73%) Current institution University hospital 32 (41.02%) 30 (23.43%) 20 (9.90%) < 0.001** Training and research hospital 24 (30.76%) 32 (25.00%) 44 (21.78%) City Hospital 6 (7.69%) 16 (12.5%) 14 (6.93%) Mental health and diseases hospital 0 (0.00%) 10 (7.83%) 64 (31.68%) Private clinic 10 (12.82%) 0 (0.00%) 16 (7.92%) Private hospital 2 (2.56%) 2 (1.56%) 16 (7.92%) Provincial state hospital 4 (5.12%) 16 (12.5%) 18 (8.91%) District state hospital 0 (0.00%) 18 (14.06%) 10 (4.96%) Community mental health centre 0 (0.00%) 4 (3.12%) 0 (0.00%) Experience of working anywhere with a psychiatric ward Yes 66 (84.61%) 118 (92.18%) 200 (100.00%) < 0.001** No 12 (15.39%) 10 (7.82%) 0 (0.00%) Experience of working in a psychiatric ward during residency Yes 64 (82.05%) 118 (92.18%) 200 (100.00%) < 0.001** No 14 (17.95%) 10 (7.82%) 0 (0.00%) Presence of psychiatric ward in current institution Yes 50 (64.10%) 88 (68.75%) 154 (74.25%) 0.091 No 28 (35.90%) 40 (31.25%) 48 (25.75%) Outpatient/inpatient AMATEM experience Yes 10 (12.82%) 52 (40.62%) 158 (78.21%) < 0.001** No 68 (87.18%) 76 (59.38%) 44 (21.79%) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: SD = Standard Deviation, AMATEM = Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research, Treatment, and Training Centre; Kruskal-Wallis and then Tamhane's T2 were used to compare numerical data. Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. Clinical Approaches and Experiences of Group 2 and Group 3 The experiences and clinical approaches to MAP of group 2 and group 3, which represent participants who were involved in the treatment process of at least one MAP case, are shown in Table 2 . Table 2 Experiences and Clinical Approaches of Group 2 and Group 3 in MAP Treatment Variables Group 2 (n = 128) n (%) Group 3 (n = 202) n (%) p value How many patients diagnosed with MAP have you been involved in their treatment process? 1–5 patients 72 (56.3%) 16 (7.9%) 50 patients 14 (10.9%) 92 (45.5%) Is there a treatment guideline you follow in MAP? Yes 24 (18.7%) 84 (41.6%) < 0.001** No 104 (81.3%) 118 (58.4%) Do you think that inpatient treatment is necessary at any time during the treatment of MAP? Yes 118 (92.2%) 186 (92.1%) 0.972 No 10 (7.8%) 16 (7.9%) If inpatient treatment is preferred in MAP, do you think hospitalization in a closed ward is necessary? Yes 84 (65.6%) 166 (82.2%) 0.001* No 44 (34.4%) 36 (17.8%) Do you think that the involuntary hospitalization decision should be issued routinely in MAP? Yes 56 (43.8%) 108 (53.5%) 0.085 No 72 (56.3%) 94 (46.5%) In a patient diagnosed with MUD who initially had no psychotic symptoms, would the psychotic symptoms added to the clinic later affect your antipsychotic choice? Yes 102 (79.7%) 164 (81.2%) 0.737 No 26 (20.3%) 38 (18.8%) Do the dopamine receptor-related properties of the molecule affect your antipsychotic choice in the treatment of MAP? Yes 92 (71.9%) 172 (85.1%) 0.003* No 36 (28.1%) 30 (14.9%) Does the detection of an additional illicit drug in the current admission in the MAP affect your antipsychotic choice? Yes 46 (35.9%) 132 (65.3%) < 0.001** No 82 (64.1%) 70 (34.7%) Have you ever administered haloperidol plus biperiden intramuscularly in the treatment of any patient diagnosed with MAP? Yes 90 (70.3%) 186 (92.1%) < 0.001** No 38 (29.7%) 16 (7.9%) Have you ever administered chlorpromazine intramuscularly in the treatment of any patient diagnosed with MAP? Yes 42 (32.8%) 114 (56.4%) < 0.001** No 86 (67.2%) 88 (43.6%) Have you ever administered zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase intramuscularly in the treatment of any patient diagnosed with MAP? Yes 44 (34.4%) 154 (76.2%) < 0.001** No 84 (65.6%) 48 (23.8%) Have you ever used any diazepam intravenously in the treatment of MAP? Yes 18 (14.1%) 44 (21.8%) 0.080 No 110 (85.9%) 158 (78.2%) Have you ever used any vanoxerine consta three monthly in the treatment of MAP? Yes 2 (1.6%) 126 (12.9%) < 0.001** No 26 (98.4%) 176 (87.1%) Do you routinely prefer intravenous fluid replacement in the treatment of MAP? Yes 22 (17.2%) 106 (82.8%) 0.028* No 56 (27.7%) 146 (72.3%) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: MAP = Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder, MUD = Methamphetamine Use Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. MAP treatment has its own challenges. The approaches of group 2 and group 3 to possible situations that may be encountered during the MAP treatment process are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 Approaches of Group 2 and Group 3 to Possible Situations Encountered During the MAP Treatment Process Variables Group 2 (n = 128) n (%) Group 3 (n = 202) n (%) p value Which psychotropic is your first choice for insomnia complaints in the treatment of MAP? Quetiapine 84 (65.6%) 160 (79.2%) < 0.001** Mirtazapine 22 (17.2%) 28 (13.9%) Benzodiazepine 16 (12.5%) 4 (2.0%) Trazodone 4 (3.1%) 0 (0.0%) Olanzapine 0 (0.0%) 10 (5.0%) Chlorpromazine 2 (1.6%) 0 (0.0%) Which psychotropic is your second choice for insomnia complaints in treatment of MAP? Quetiapine 34 (26.6%) 40 (19.8%) 0.001* Mirtazapine 38 (29.7%) 80 (39.6%) Benzodiazepine 32 (25.0%) 34 (16.8%) Trazodone 8 (6.3%) 2 (1.0%) Olanzapine 8 (6.3%) 12 (5.9%) Chlorpromazine 8 (6.3%) 34 (16.8%) Which oral antipsychotic do you prefer most often in a patient diagnosed with MAP with antisocial personality traits? I do not use 12 (9.4%) 0 (0.0%) < 0.001** Risperidone 94 (73.4%) 154 (76.2%) Olanzapine 16 (12.5%) 40 (19.8%) Paliperidone 6 (4.7%) 8(4.0%) Which antipsychotic do you prefer most often in a patient diagnosed with MAP who has a history of suicidal-homicidal thoughts-behavior and self-mutilation? I do not use 4 (3.1%) 4 (2.0%) 0.167 Risperidone 70 (54.7%) 132 (65.3%) Olanzapine 44 (34.4%) 48 (23.8%) Paliperidone 8 (6.3%) 12 (5.9%) Aripiprazole 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.0%) Amisulpride 0 (0.0%) 4 (2.0%) Does a history of suicidal-homicidal thought-behavior and self-mutilation in MAP encourage you to use LAI antipsychotics? Yes 78 (60.9%) 144 (71.3%) 0.051 No 50 (39.1%) 58 (28.7%) Which mood stabilizer do you use most often in the presence of antisocial personality traits, suicidal-homicidal thoughts-behavior and self-mutilation accompanying MAP? I do not use 26 (20.3%) 28 (13.9%) 0.269 Sodium valproate plus valproic acid 52 (40.6%) 82 (40.6%) Carbamazepine 42 (32.8%) 70 (34.7%) Lithium 8 (6.3%) 22 (10.8%) Which oral antipsychotic would you most frequently choose for a patient diagnosed with MAP who has a body mass index of around 18 and antisocial personality traits? I do not use 12 (9.4%) 8 (4.0%) 0.049* Risperidone 18 (14.1%) 46 (22.7%) Olanzapine 92 (71.9%) 140 (69.3%) Paliperidone 4 (3.1%) 2 (1.0%) Aripiprazole 2 (1.6%) 6 (3.0%) Have you ever experienced any extrapyramidal system side effects during MAP treatment? Yes 40 (31.3%) 162 (80.2%) < 0.001** No 88 (68.7%) 40 (19.8%) What is the most common extrapyramidal system side effect you encounter during MAP treatment? I did not encounter 84 (65.6%) 38 (18.8%) < 0.001** Dystonia 28 (21.9%) 86 (42.6%) Akathisia 12 (9.4%) 42 (20.8%) Parkinsonism 4 (3.1%) 36 (17.8%) Have you ever used biperiden and/or bornaprine for extrapyramidal system side effects that occur during MAP treatment? I did not encounter 84 (65.6%) 38 (18.8%) < 0.001** Yes 44 (34.4%) 164 (81.2%) No 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) Have you ever encountered life-threatening conditions such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant catatonia, serotonin syndrome during MAP treatment? Yes 0 (0.0%) 24 (11.9%) < 0.001** No 128 (100.0%) 178 (88.1%) Have you ever had a patient in whom delirium was added to MAP? Yes 2 (1.6%) 74 (36.6%) < 0.001** No 126 (98.4%) 128 (63.4%) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: MAP = Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. Psychotropic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3 Oral antipsychotic use characteristics of group 2 and group 3 are shown in Table 4 . LAI antipsychotic use characteristics of group 2 and group 3 are shown in Table 5 . Non-antipsychotic psychotropic use characteristics of group 2 and group 3 are shown in Table 6 . Table 4 Oral Antipsychotic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3 Variables Group 2 (n = 128) n (%) Group 3 (n = 202) n (%) p value Which is the typical oral antipsychotic you prefer most in the treatment of MAP? I do not use 62 (48.4%) 22 (10.9%) < 0.001** Haloperidol 64 (50.0%) 150 (74.3%) Chlorpromazine 2 (1.6%) 18 (8.9%) Zuclopenthixol 0 (0.0%) 12 (5.9%) Which atypical oral antipsychotic is your first choice in the treatment of MAP? Risperidone 42 (32.8%) 82 (40.6%) 0.043* Olanzapine 74 (57.8%) 110 (54.6%) Aripiprazole 4 (3.1%) 0 (0.0%) Paliperidone 8 (6.3%) 8 (4.0%) Amisulpride 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.0%) Which atypical oral antipsychotic is your second choice in the treatment of MAP? Risperidone 80 (62.5%) 94 (46.5%) 0.046* Olanzapine 38 (29.6%) 84 (41.6%) Aripiprazole 2 (1.6%) 10 (5.0%) Paliperidone 6 (4.7%) 12 (5.9%) Amisulpride 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.0%) Which atypical oral antipsychotic is your third choice in the treatment of MAP? Risperidone 4 (3.1%) 10 (5.0%) 0.006* Olanzapine 8 (6.3%) 6 (3.0%) Aripiprazole 54 (42.2%) 62 (30.7%) Paliperidone 26 (20.3%) 74 (36.6%) Amisulpride 24 (18.8%) 32 (15.8%) Clozapine 12 (9.3%) 18 (8.9%) If you prefer olanzapine in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it? 1–10 mg/day 70 (54.7%) 56 (27.7%) 20 mg/day 6 (4.7%) 4 (2.0%) I do not prefer 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) If you prefer risperidone in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it? 1–4 mg/day 116 (90.6%) 114 (56.4%) < 0.001** 5–8 mg/day 12 (9.4%) 86 (42.6%) I do not prefer 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.0%) If you prefer aripiprazole in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it? 1–10 mg/day 54 (42.2%) 42 (20.8%) < 0.001** 11–20 mg/day 38 (29.7%) 98 (48.5%) 21–30 mg/day 14 (10.9%) 44 (21.8%) I do not prefer 22 (17.2%) 18 (8.9%) If you prefer amisulpride in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it? 1-400 mg/day 42 (32.8%) 44 (21.8%) 800 mg/day 8 (6.3%) 16 (7.9%) I do not prefer 42 (32.8%) 40 (19.8%) How long do you continue antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of a first MAP episode? I do not use antipsychotics during maintenance 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.0%) 0.254 I stop as soon as the psychotic symptoms disappear 8 (6.3%) 10 (5.0%) I use it for at least 1–6 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear 46 (35.9%) 54 (26.7%) I use it for at least 6–12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear 48 (37.5%) 76 (37.6%) I use it for at least 1–3 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear 24 (18.8%) 56 (27.7%) I use it for at least 3–5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.0%) I will use it throughout life 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.0%) How long do you continue antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of a second MAP episodes? I do not use antipsychotics during maintenance 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.0%) 0.007* I stop as soon as the psychotic symptoms disappear 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.0%) I use it for at least 1–6 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear 22 (17.2%) 14 (6.9%) I use it for at least 6–12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear 22 (17.2%) 38 (18.8%) I use it for at least 1–3 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear 28 (21.9%) 44 (21.8%) I use it for at least 3–5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear 46 (35.9%) 68 (33.7%) I will use it throughout life 6 (4.7%) 34 (16.8%) How long do you continue antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of a third or more MAP episodes? I do not use antipsychotics during maintenance 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.0%) 0.012* I stop as soon as the psychotic symptoms disappear 2 (1.6%) 0 (0.0%) I use it for at least 1–6 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear 10 (7.8%) 4 (2.0%) I use it for at least 6–12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear 12 (9.4%) 10 (5.0%) I use it for at least 1–3 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear 20 (15.6%) 32 (15.8%) I use it for at least 3–5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear 8 (6.3%) 28 (13.9%) I will use it throughout life 74 (57.8%) 126 (62.4%) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: MAP = Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. Table 5 LAI Antipsychotic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3 Variables Group 2 (n = 128) n (%) Group 3 (n = 202) n (%) p value Have you ever used LAI antipsychotics in treatment of MAP? Yes 40 (31.3%) 148 (73.3%) < 0.001** No 88 (68.7%) 54 (26.7%) Which LAI antipsychotic is your first choice in treatment of MAP? I do not use 70 (54.7%) 50 (24.7%) < 0.001** PP1M 48 (37.5%) 82 (40.6%) Zuclopenthixol decanoate depot 10 (7.8%) 50 (24.7%) Risperidone consta 0 (0.0%) 10 (5.0%) Haloperidol decanoate 0 (0.0%) 8 (4.0%) Aripiprazole maintena 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.0%) Have you ever used LAI antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of MAP? Yes 42 (32.8%) 150 (74.3%) < 0.001** No 86 (67.2%) 52 (25.7%) Does the price of the medication affect your choice of LAI antipsychotic in MAP treatment? Yes 38 (29.7%) 122 (60.4%) < 0.001** No 90 (70.3%) 80 (39.6%) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: MAP = Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; LAI = Long-Acting Injectable; PP1M = Once-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. Table 6 Non-Antipsychotic Psychotropic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3 in MAP Treatment Variables Group 2 (n = 128) n (%) Group 3 (n = 202) n (%) p value Have you ever used any antidepressant in the treatment of MAP? Yes 96 (75.0%) 180 (89.1%) 0.001* No 32 (25.0%) 22 (10.9%) Which antidepressant is your first choice in the treatment of MAP? I do not use 26 (20.3%) 20 (9.9%) < 0.001** Sertraline 46 (35.9%) 90 (44.5%) Escitalopram 12 (9.4%) 20 (9.9%) Venlafaxine 16 (12.5%) 14 (6.9%) Bupropion 12 (9.4%) 40 (19.8%) Paroxetine 10 (7.8%) 2 (1.0%) Duloxetine 4 (3.1%) 10 (5.0%) Fluoxetine 2 (1.6%) 6 (3.0%) Have you ever used any benzodiazepine in the treatment of MAP? Yes 92 (71.9%) 166 (82.2%) 0.027* No 36 (28.1%) 36 (17.8%) Which benzodiazepine is your first choice in the treatment of MAP? I do not use 28 (21.9%) 32 (15.8%) < 0.001** Diazepam 40 (31.3%) 68 (33.7%) Lorazepam 42 (32.8%) 92 (45.5%) Alprazolam 10 (7.8%) 0 (0.0%) Clonazepam 8 (6.3%) 10 (5.0%) Have you ever used any mood stabilizer in the treatment of MAP? Yes 60 (46.9%) 136 (67.3%) < 0.001** No 68 (53.1%) 66 (32.7%) Which mood stabilizer is your first choice in the treatment of MAP? I do not use 62 (48.4%) 68 (34.0%) 0.031* Sodium valproate plus valproic acid 38 (29.7%) 72 (36.0%) Carbamazepine 28 (21.9%) 60 (30.0%) Have you ever used any modafinil in the treatment of MAP? Yes 20 (15.6%) 46 (22.8%) 0.114 No 108 (84.4%) 156 (77.2%) Have you ever used any psychostimulant in the treatment of MAP? Yes 12 (9.4%) 34 (16.8%) 0.057 No 116 (90.6%) 168 (83.2%) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: MAP = Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data. Comparison of Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables of Group 2 and Group 3 in Terms of Gender Participants in group 2 and group 3 (n = 330) were compared in terms of some variables according to their gender. No significant difference was detected between genders in terms of residency institution, current institution, experience of working in a psychiatric ward, AMATEM experience, and number of MAP cases followed-up (p > 0.05). Female and male participants’ attitudes were similar on issues such as the necessity of inpatient treatment, the need for a closed ward, and involuntary hospitalization; psychotropic preference in insomnia, LAI antipsychotic preference, typical oral antipsychotic preference, atypical oral antipsychotic preference, atypical oral antipsychotic maintenance doses, duration of antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment according to the number of episodes, intramuscular use of haloperidol/chlorpromazine/zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase; antidepressant, mood stabilizer, benzodiazepine, modafinil, psychostimulant, intravenous diazepam, routine intravenous fluid replacement preferences; psychotropic preferences in antisocial personality pattern/suicide/homicide; encountering conditions such as delirium, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, extrapyramidal system side effects (p > 0.05). The Association between Sociodemographic/Clinical Variables and Being from Group 2 and Group 3 with Binary Logistic Regression Analysis Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal whether sociodemographic/psychiatric training characteristics and MAP-related clinical approaches/attitudes/experiences indicate which group the psychiatrists belongs to. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied separately for each independent variable. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the p value of age, working duration in psychiatry, outpatient/inpatient AMATEM experience, number of MAP cases followed-up, treatment guideline follow-up, LAI antipsychotic use, most common LAI antipsychotic use, LAI antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment, most common typical oral antipsychotic use, maintenance dose of olanzapine, maintenance dose of risperidone, maintenance dose of aripiprazole, maintenance dose of amisulpride, experience of haloperidol plus biperiden intramuscularly use, experience of chlorpromazine intramuscularly use, experience of zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase use, experience of extrapyramidal system side effect, and experience of delirium was determined to be less than 0.001. Binary logistic regression analysis of these 18 variables was performed (Beginning block, -2 log-likelihood = 440.741 a , constant p < 0.001, B = 0.456, Exp (B) = 1.578; Block one, -2 log-likelihood = 146.636 a ; Cox & Snell R 2 = 0.590; Nagelkerke R 2 0.800). It was aimed to create a meaningful model with fewer variables. Variables with a Nagelkerke R 2 of 0.200 or less were removed from the model. The Nagelkerke R 2 of number of MAP cases followed-up, LAI antipsychotic use, LAI antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment, most common typical oral antipsychotic use, experience of zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase use, experience of extrapyramidal system side effect, and experience of delirium was above 0.200. Only one variable with the highest Nagelkerke R 2 was taken from the questions on the same topic. Questions “LAI antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment” and “experience of zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase use” were removed from the model because they questioned the same field as “LAI antipsychotic use experience in the treatment of MAP”. According to the binary logistic regression analysis of the remaining five independent variables, the question that contributed the least to the model was number of MAP cases followed-up (p = 0.127). This variable, which was more difficult to question with more than two answer options, was removed from the model. Only twenty participant responded to zuclopenthixol oral use, which is one of the answers to “most common typical oral antipsychotic use”. When this variable was added to the regression model, the Hosmer and Lemeshov test p value remained below 0.05. Therefore, this variable was also removed from the model. As a result, a total of three independent variables were included in the model. All of these variables were two-choice questions and easy to apply. Data from the binary logistic regression model were presented in Table 7 . According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the sensitivity of our model related to the determining the participants who was involved in complete treatment process of at least one MAP case was 81.2, and the specificity was 68.8 percent. Table 7 Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Group 2 and Group 3 in terms of Independent Variables Independent Variables B Sig. Exp (B) 95% C.I. for EXP (B) Lower Upper LAI Antipsychotic Use Experience 1.123 < 0.001* 3.074 1.763 5.359 Experience of Extrapyramidal System Side Effect 1.374 < 0.001* 3.950 2.251 6.931 Experience of Delirium 2.664 < 0.001* 14.359 3.340 61.738 Constant 1.361 < 0.001* 3.899 *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001; Abbreviations: LAI = Long-Acting Injectable; Binary logistic regression analysis was used. Model Summary: -2 log-likelihood = 313.187 a , Cox & Snell R 2 = 0.321; Nagelkerke R 2 0.435; Hosmer and Lemeshov test p = 0.203. Discussion This study examines the practices and attitudes of psychiatrists who continue to work actively in Turkey regarding MAP treatment. Although the participants were initially divided into three groups, the focus of the study was those with partial (group 1) or complete (group 2) MAP treatment experience. These two groups, who participated in the treatment process of at least one MAP case, were compared in terms of sociodemographic data, psychiatric training, institutional, regional characteristics, MAP-related experience, clinical approaches, psychotropic preferences, and significant findings were obtained. The fact that genders were similar between the groups made it easier to interpret the findings. Those whose current institution is a university hospital, city hospital, provincial/district state hospital, and community mental health centre have more partial MAP treatment experience. Complete MAP treatment experience is higher in participants whose current institution is a mental health and disease hospital. The reason for this is most likely the need for closed ward in MAP treatment and the closed wards are almost always located in a mental health and disease hospital in Turkey. The majority of patients diagnosed with MAP admitted to institutions other than mental health and disease hospitals are referred to mental health and disease hospitals before starting treatment and their treatment is usually completed there [ 10 ]. Participants involved in the complete MAP treatment process have higher AMATEM experience. This finding is expected since drug-related treatments in Turkey are often carried out in these centres [ 11 ]. The fact that MAP cases are mostly followed-up and treated in mental health and disease hospitals also affects the number of complete MAP treatment experience of the psychiatrists working there. Those who have experience with complete MAP treatment are more likely to follow any guideline. Considering that psychiatrists who are partially involved in MAP treatment often refer patients to a closed psychiatric ward, it can be understood why they do not need a guideline. Almost all of those involved in MAP treatment, both partially and completely, think that hospitalization is necessary at any stage of MAP treatment. Participants with complete MAP treatment experience think that hospitalization in MAP should be performed in a closed psychiatric ward. This approach to closed ward admission is understandable for participants with complete MAP treatment experience, who have witnessed all stages of MAP treatment and are more exposed to possible risks. It is seen that those with both partial and complete MAP treatment experience are undecided about involuntary hospitalization and the rates of both groups are similar. It is suggested that the medical, ethical and judicial dimensions of involuntary hospitalization be discussed in depth and that studies be carried out to eliminate the uncertainty on this issue. The patients diagnosed with MAP in the acute exacerbation period will have consequences including suicidal and homicidal behaviours [ 12 ]. The delusions of jealousy, reference, persecution, and auditory hallucinations in MAP cases lead to loss of insight and therefore rejection of voluntary admission [ 13 , 14 ]. In such a case, the choice of involuntary hospitalization should be discussed, taking into account the high benefit of the patient. Intramuscular antipsychotic administration use rates including haloperidol, chlorpromazine, zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase were higher in participants who experienced complete MAP treatment. Antipsychotics can be administered intramuscularly for rapid and strong effectiveness in MAP accompanied by agitation and aggression [ 15 ]. Patients with these characteristics are generally inpatients. Since the rate of working in places with psychiatric ward was higher in the complete MAP treatment group, it can be said that this finding is an expected finding. Quetiapine is most commonly used in the treatment of possible insomnia that occurs in MAP, and those who are involved in the complete treatment use quetiapine more frequently for this purpose. The potential benefits of quetiapine in substance use disorders may be related to its frequent use [ 16 ]. Majority of the participants involved in the MAP treatment, both partially and completely, most commonly favour oral risperidone as an antipsychotic, sodium valproate plus valproic acid, carbamazepine as a mood stabilizer in patients with antisocial personality traits, suicidal/homicidal thoughts/behaviours, and self-mutilation. Also, a history of suicidal/homicidal thoughts/behaviours and self-mutilation in MAP encourage the majority of participants to use LAI antipsychotics. A patient diagnosed with MAP whose body mass index is below normal limits, even if he/she has antisocial personality traits, changes the antipsychotic preference of psychiatrists from risperidone to olanzapine. The frequency of encountering extrapyramidal system side effects, life-threatening conditions and delirium was found to be higher among those working in institutions with service. Additionally, it has been observed that the most common extrapyramidal system side effect during MAP follow-up and treatment is dystonia. While olanzapine is the most frequently preferred atypical oral antipsychotic in both groups, risperidone is the second most frequently preferred atypical oral antipsychotic. It is known that antisocial personality traits are common in MAP cases [ 17 ]. It was emphasized above that participants in both groups preferred risperidone more frequently in patients diagnosed with MAP with antisocial personality traits. Despite this, it can be argued that olanzapine is more frequently preferred as an atypical oral antipsychotic in the treatment of MAP. One possible explanation may be that risperidone is associated with more extrapyramidal system side effects [ 18 ]. Aripiprazole and paliperidone are the most preferred atypical oral antipsychotics after olanzapine and risperidone. The participants who have experience with complete MAP treatment are more likely to use higher doses of olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and amisulpride in the maintenance treatment of MAP. The fact that participants with complete MAP treatment experience have been involved in the treatment of more patients diagnosed with MAP and have encountered many drug side effects may enable them to make courageous decisions. Non-antipsychotic psychotropic use was higher in participants who participated in the complete MAP treatment. In both groups, the participants who think that antipsychotics should be continued for at least 6–12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear in the maintenance treatment of the first MAP episode constitute the largest proportion (37.5% and 37.6%). However, when the results are examined in detail, it is seen that the participants do not have a common practice on this issue. It has been determined that the duration of antipsychotic use in the maintenance treatment of MAP varies over a wide range (1 month to 3 years). In both groups, the participants who think that antipsychotics should be continued for at least 3–5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear in the maintenance treatment of the second MAP episode constitute the largest proportion (35.9% and 33.7%). When the results are examined, it is seen that the participants do not have a common practice in the second episode. Attitude differences have reached an extremely wide range, from 1 month to throughout life. Those who think that antipsychotics should be used throughout life in the third and subsequent MAP episodes are in the majority in both groups. However, disagreements regarding the duration of antipsychotic use in MAP maintenance continue here as well. On the other hand, participants with complete MAP treatment experience think that antipsychotics should be used for a significantly longer time in the second and subsequent MAP episodes. No significant effect of gender was found on the variables examined in this study. As the working duration in psychiatry increases, the doses of antipsychotics used in the maintenance treatment of MAP and the duration of use of antipsychotics become longer. It is thought that this is directly related to the increase in patient experience. Binary logistic regression analysis determined that antipsychotic use characteristics and having encountered possible life-threatening situations were the most effective variables in revealing the experience of partial or complete MAP treatment. Again, according to binary logistic regression analysis, it is possible to determine which group the participant belongs to with a rate of 43.5% with three yes/no questions (experience of LAI antipsychotic use, extrapyramidal system side effect, and delirium). Strengths, Limitations and Future Directions The most important strength of this study is that there is no study with similar features in the literature. Another strength of the current study is that participants representing psychiatrists actively working in Turkey were reached through a web-based survey. Psychiatrists' practices and attitudes towards the follow-up and treatment processes of MAP are discussed in detail. The effects of psychiatric training and institutional characteristics on approaches are discussed. Just as the psychotic features of MAP cannot yet be clearly explained and positioned according to primary psychotic disorder, psychiatrists' views on the subject are far from a common practice. There are significant differences of opinion on very important topics such as hospitalization, features of oral/intramuscular/LAI antipsychotic use, approaches to possible conditions accompanying MAP, and antipsychotic use characteristics in maintenance treatment. The cross-sectional nature of the study can be considered as a limitation. The validity of the responses to the survey has not been confirmed as it is a web-based study. This study includes only adult psychiatrists working in Turkey. Considering that drug use characteristics vary regionally, it is not appropriate to generalize the results. Since the study was shared only on certain web environments, it is possible that not all psychiatrists could be reached. These differences in approach suggest that the DSM-5-TR definition of MAP should be re-evaluated. It is thought that special importance should be given to the MAP section in the next edition of DSM. Undoubtedly, the item of MAP related to duration of psychotic symptoms will be one of the most discussed items. Additionally, the fact that MAP has different characteristics from other drug-associated psychotic disorders may be the subject of the next DSM edition. In this respect, this study will provide a different perspective to studies examining the similarities and differences between primary psychotic disorder and MAP. Conclusions There are many variables that affect psychiatrists' attitudes and practices regarding MAP treatment. The psychotic nature of MAP and psychiatrists' approaches to this nature appear to vary significantly. The duration of antipsychotic use in the maintenance treatment of MAP is an important matter of debate. The most important result of this study is that psychiatrists make courageous decisions such as more LAI preferences, administering higher doses of anipsychotics, selecting more potent drugs, using more antidepressants, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers; as their experience participating in all phases of MAP treatment increases. This study, which examines the approaches of psychiatrists to MAP treatment in Turkey, needs to be supported by further studies. Declarations Acknowledgements: As researchers, we would like to thank the valuable psychiatrists who participated in our study. Author Contributions: XXX. Funding: No funding was declared. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Fırat University Non-invasive Research Ethics Committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki was complied with (Date: 14/09/2023; Number: 2023/12-12). Consent to Participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent to Publish: All individual participants consented to the publication of their non-personal data. References United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2023) World Drug Report 2023. United Nations publication Edinoff AN, Kaufman SE, Green KM et al (2022) Methamphetamine use: A narrative review of adverse effects and related toxicities. Health Psychol Res 10(3):38161. https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38161 Jayanthi S, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL (2021) Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: Main effects and mechanisms. 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BMC Psychiatry 16:44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0745-5 Grant KM, LeVan TD, Wells SM et al (2012) Methamphetamine-associated psychosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 7(1):113–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-011-9288-1 McKetin R, Baker AL, Dawe S et al (2017) Differences in the symptom profile of methamphetamine-related psychosis and primary psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res 251:349–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.028 Bosanac P, Hollander Y, Castle D (2013) The comparative efficacy of intramuscular antipsychotics for the management of acute agitation. Australas Psychiatry 21(6):554–562. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856213499620 Sattar SP, Bhatia SC, Petty F (2004) Potential benefits of quetiapine in the treatment of substance dependence disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 29(6):452–457 Sulaiman AH, Said MA, Habil MH et al (2014) The risk and associated factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine-dependent patients in Malaysia. Compr Psychiatry 55(1):89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.003 Shirzadi AA, Ghaemi SN (2006) Side effects of atypical antipsychotics: extrapyramidal symptoms and the metabolic syndrome. Harv Rev Psychiatry 14(3):152–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220600748486 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4117935","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":282303039,"identity":"dcda4f29-6b5e-4087-9eec-c8fefe1d76e3","order_by":0,"name":"Mehmet Hamdi Örüm","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCTBpkwCmEgqI15KWwMAG0mJAvJbDEC0MxGjRnd187DNvzvk8fvnuxA8PDBjk+cUO4NdidudY8mzebbeLJdt4N0sAHWY4c3YCAS03coyZgVoSNxzj3QDSkmBwmzgt50BaNv8gRcsBkJZtxNqSlsw4d1ty4sy23G0WCQYSxPgl+TDD2212if3MZzff/FFhI88vTUALOpAgTfkoGAWjYBSMAuwAAKmyQlnSzhjJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehmet","middleName":"Hamdi","lastName":"Örüm","suffix":""},{"id":282303040,"identity":"1add4295-edf2-4218-8201-5ab0dc56c398","order_by":1,"name":"Yaşar Kapıcı","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Psychiatry, Adıyaman University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yaşar","middleName":"","lastName":"Kapıcı","suffix":""},{"id":282303041,"identity":"320d6a1c-1b75-4f7a-9fc1-68c11f18ac04","order_by":2,"name":"Doğancan Sönmez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rize Devlet Hastanesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Doğancan","middleName":"","lastName":"Sönmez","suffix":""},{"id":282303042,"identity":"77c7d820-a0d1-4d7d-8b8f-393f2395d2f0","order_by":3,"name":"Ali Baran Tanrıkulu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"Baran","lastName":"Tanrıkulu","suffix":""},{"id":282303043,"identity":"f6ea470c-9606-41a9-a671-11ed11240f4e","order_by":4,"name":"Merve Gümüşay-Uğur","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Merve","middleName":"","lastName":"Gümüşay-Uğur","suffix":""},{"id":282303044,"identity":"95b440e7-d0c0-47fd-8117-cbc48ec46022","order_by":5,"name":"Onur Koçhan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Onur","middleName":"","lastName":"Koçhan","suffix":""},{"id":282303045,"identity":"0798f3fd-4be8-4949-8ba2-39808f3d78b9","order_by":6,"name":"Dilek Örüm","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dilek","middleName":"","lastName":"Örüm","suffix":""},{"id":282303046,"identity":"ac3caa28-c577-487e-bbfd-5d70814e027a","order_by":7,"name":"Çiçek Hocaoğlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Çiçek","middleName":"","lastName":"Hocaoğlu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-17 16:29:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117935/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117935/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":54844310,"identity":"cb0e94ee-6f2d-4495-b9b2-e89dab81841d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-17 14:39:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2358421,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4117935/v1/b0fa5cd3-d83e-4edb-983f-6526fbc0a85a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Practices and Attitudes of Adult Psychiatrists Regarding Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder: An Internet Based Survey Conducted in Turkey","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report published in 2023, an estimated 36\u0026nbsp;million people used amphetamines in 2021, representing 0.7 per cent of the global population. While the prevalence of use is highest in North America, the largest number of users of amphetamines are found in East and South-East Asia. Record-high quantities of amphetamine-type stimulants were seized in 2021, dominated by methamphetamine at the global level [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The most often used form of methamphetamine is crystal, which has strong addictive effects and is typically smoked, injected, or inhaled. Due to the lipophilic nature of methamphetamine, when it is administered, it quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the bloodstream before penetrating the brain. Methamphetamine's half-life varies depending on how it is absorbed, however it typically lasts five to thirty hours. Due to the rapid onset and termination of its effects, methamphetamine users may need repeated doses [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Repeated use of methamphetamine, which also has a place in the second-line treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, severe obesity and narcolepsy, under uncontrolled conditions can lead to methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethamphetamine use has various neuropsychiatric complications. Increased alertness, irritability, loss of appetite, and overconfidence are psychiatric symptoms that are more common, especially at low doses. When used in high doses, it can cause fear, restlessness, anxiety, panic attack, psychomotor agitation, and various psychotic symptoms. Prominent psychotic symptoms in methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder (MAP) include ideas of reference, tactile and auditory hallucinations, increased activity, odd speech, and paranoid delusions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) defines a substance‐induced psychotic disorder as the presence of hallucinations and delusions developed during, or soon after, intoxication or withdrawal from a substance or medication known to cause psychotic symptoms, such as methamphetamines, and the presence of psychotic symptoms not mediated by another nonsubstance‐induced psychotic disorder that persists longer than one month after substance intoxication or withdrawal [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Many psychiatric symptoms are similar in paranoid schizophrenia and MAP [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. However, MAP has aspects that differentiate it from primary psychotic disorder and other drug-associated psychotic disorders. When methamphetamine usage persists, psychotic symptoms usually get worse over time [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. It was once believed that methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms would dissipate in a week. Studies have revealed that while most MAP patients have symptom resolution within a month, 30% of MAP patients experienced symptom persistence up to six months, and 10\u0026ndash;28% reported symptom persistence longer than six months. Symptoms of MAP have been shown to relapse after long periods of abstinence [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. According to the DSM-5-TR, a persistent psychosis that persists six months after quitting methamphetamine may be diagnosed as schizophrenia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Methamphetamine use is associated with a prevalence of psychotic symptoms ranging from 10\u0026ndash;60%, indicating the possibility of unique neurobiological dysregulations in MAP patients. According to literature, the disorder can appear anywhere from 1.7 and 5.2 years after methamphetamine usage begins [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies reporting that even a single use of methamphetamine may cause psychotic symptoms indicate that this period should continue to be investigated in future studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethamphetamine seems to mainly impact the mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways. Methamphetamine metabolism inhibits both the vesicular monoamine transporter and the dopamine transporter, which affects dopamine transmission in the central nervous system. Dopamine concentrations rise and may even become neurotoxic when these proteins are inhibited. Glutamate and dopamine signalling are subsequently elevated as a result of altered polysynaptic connections between various dopaminergic systems brought on by elevated dopamine concentrations. After long-term usage, dopaminergic receptor density and function are altered, particularly in the striatum and mesolimbic system. This interferes with feed-forward processes and causes sensitization and addiction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The mechanism by which methamphetamine causes psychosis has not yet been clearly elucidated. There have been discussions about the validity of a number of methamphetamine-associated animal models for psychosis, including the behavioral sensitization model, the neurotoxicity model, and the escalating dose-binge model [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies reveal that gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons may be overloaded by excessive dopamine signalling, which could cause dopamine systems to become dysregulated and perhaps result in psychotic symptoms. This glutamate dysregulation may be brought on by increased neurotoxicity and damage to cortical interneurons, which can degrade N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and cause damage to the cortex. This damage to the brain can then result in MAP-related symptoms [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorldwide seizures of methamphetamine have increased five-fold over the previous decade, while seizures of cocaine, cannabis, opioids, and opiates have not changed significantly. UNODC highlights the geographical spread of methamphetamine trafficking. Methamphetamine use and manufacture continues to expand from traditional markets such as South-East Asia to new markets such as Western Europe. The recent increase in methamphetamine use and production in Afghanistan causes increasing concerns in Turkey, which serves as a geographical bridge between Asia and Europe [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. For these reasons, methamphetamine use and MAP are increasingly problematic for Turkey and require urgent intervention approaches. Psychiatrists play a major role in the management of MAP-related psychiatric problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs mentioned above, methamphetamine use characteristics have changed over the years and the number of users has increased [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, it is possible that current psychiatrists have not encountered MAP cases during their specialty training. Additionally, some educational institutions have an inpatient unit, while others do not. Because some inpatient units do not provide adequate conditions, patients with psychotic features cannot be hospitalized. In mental health and disease hospitals, MAP hospitalizations are frequently performed in the form of voluntary and involuntary hospitalizations. In other words, there may be significant differences between treatment approaches acquired in educational institutions with different characteristics at different times. In this case, it is inevitable to experience events in which differences in treatment approaches can be described as inadequacy rather than wealth. It is almost impossible to reach psychiatrists face to face, working anywhere in Turkey to gather their opinions on the current issue and create a road map for MAP management. In addition, people may avoid participating in scientific research during the day or during working hours, or even if they participate, they may be careless in complying with research instructions. Internet offers various tools that we can use to overcome these difficulties that may be encountered in scientific data collection processes. Internet-based survey tools such as Google Forms make it much easier to reach target groups in research. These forms can be created and applied free of charge. In this study, it was aimed to reach psychiatrists actively working in Turkey through an internet-based survey form created using Google Forms and to determine their approaches to MAP treatment. Our hypothesis is that psychiatrists' psychiatry training characteristics and current working conditions affect their approaches to MAP treatment. Based on the results of this study, it will pave the way for organizing in-service training related to MAP management for psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis was an internet-based, double-blind, quantitative, cross-sectional, psychiatrist approach-based observational survey. The current survey was conducted by randomly distributing a web questionnaire to psychiatrists included in Yahoo and WhatsApp groups representative of the psychiatrists working actively in Turkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling Frame\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Republic of Turkey is a population of approximately 86 million in a surface area of 783.562 square meters. In Turkey, one graduates as a general practitioner after six years of medical school education. University hospital, training and research hospital, city hospital, mental health and disease hospital are the institutions that provide psychiatry specialty training in Turkey. To become a psychiatry specialist, it is necessary to pass the medical specialization exam. Physicians who choose psychiatry in the medical specialization exam participate in a four-year residency training period in any of the above-mentioned institutions. At the end of this period, the psychiatry resident who writes and presents the medical specialization thesis receives the title of psychiatry specialist. After becoming a psychiatry specialist, it is mandatory to work anywhere in Turkey for periods ranging from 300 days to 600 days, within the scope of the state service obligation law. At the end of this mandatory working period, psychiatry specialists have the right to continue working for the government or to work in private clinics. The population of this study included all psychiatrists working actively in Turkey. All psychiatrists included in this study were medical doctors, specialized in psychiatry, and clinicians actively following-up and treating patients diagnosed psychiatric disorders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eConcepts and Institutional Processes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mostprominent centres in the treatment of substance use disorders in ourcountry are the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research, Treatment, and TrainingCentre (AMATEM) and they have been serving since the 1980s in Turkey. MAP follow-up and treatment is carried out in outpatient or inpatient AMATEM clinics or closed psychiatric wards. Hospitalization in the treatment of MAP can be performed voluntarily or involuntarily based on articles 432-437 of the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) obtained from local courts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the concept of partial or complete involvement of the participants in the treatment of any MAP case is frequently mentioned. By the concept of complete involvement, it is meant situations in which psychotic symptoms are completely eliminated and the patient achieves remission, starting from the first admission of a MAP episode. There is no requirement for the participant to carry out this described treatment process alone. The treatment processes in which he was involved as part of a team consisting of more than one psychiatrists were accepted as his own experience. This information is explained in detail in the introduction to the internet survey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe concept of \u0026ldquo;working duration in psychiatry\u0026rdquo; indicates the participant\u0026apos;s year in psychiatry. For example, a 2-month psychiatric resident is considered to be in the 1st year. In Turkey, psychiatrists can work in university hospitals, training and research hospitals, city hospitals, provincial state hospitals, district state hospitals, mental health and disease hospitals, community mental health centres, private clinics, and private hospitals. Inpatient treatment units are mostly located in university hospitals, training and research hospitals and mental health and disease hospitals. In city hospitals, there are mostly inmate forensic psychiatry inpatient units and high security forensic psychiatry inpatient units. Community mental health centres are day care centres. In provincial and district state hospitals, there is usually no inpatient treatment unit and it functions as an outpatient clinic. Closed psychiatric wards are only available in mental health and disease hospitals, and with the decision of TCC 432-437, involuntary hospitalizations are only carried out in these hospitals. The number of mental health and disease hospitals in Turkey is 11.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the institutions mentioned in this study, except the private clinic and private hospital, are managed by the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLong-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics can be used in the treatment of MAP. In this study, LAI antipsychotics available in Turkey were questioned. These are once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M), zuclopenthixol decanoate depot, risperidone consta, haloperidol decanoate, aripiprazole maintena.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSample Size Calculation\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the literature was examined, it was seen that there was no study examining psychiatrists\u0026apos; approaches to MAP in the world or in Turkey. It is estimated that the number of actively working psychiatrists in Turkey is approximately 6000. In order to determine the rate of psychiatrists participating in the treatment process of at least one MAP case, data from the city where the first author was located (Elazığ) were taken into account. Almost all psychiatrists (n=45) working in Elazığ province were contacted and asked whether they had ever followed-up a MAP case. The rate of those who said yes was determined as 78%. Using a population size of 6000 and 78% as the population proportion of MAP follow-up at 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level, a sample of 253 patients diagnosed with MAP would achieve adequate power for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDevelopment of Questionnaire\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe survey draft was developed in collaboration with all authors, who have academic and clinical experience in the field of MAP, and was finalized by the first author. All questions had neutral content and leading questions were avoided. The survey language was Turkish. While creating the survey, literature, psychiatric training in the Turkey, clinical experiences, and local substance use characteristics were taken into consideration. We piloted and further revised the survey based on feedback from eighteen psychiatrists in the field of psychiatry. The survey, created via Google Form (Alphabet, Googleplex, Mountain View, California, United States), was delivered to participants working in the Turkey via Yahoo and WhatsApp groups. Yahoo and WhatsApp groups, which are thought to have similar ones in every country, were unofficial, but they were the groups in which the majority of psychiatrists in Turkey participated (containing approximately five thousand participants from Turkey). These groups were created by known psychiatrists in the country and required a reference from a psychiatrist in the group to join the group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eRecruitment Procedure and Consent Process\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn initial e-mail/message and up to ten e-mail/message reminders were sent to Yahoo and WhatsApp groups. Participants were directed to the Google Form research page by clicking on the \u0026quot;https://\u0026quot; link of this internet-based form. The survey\u0026apos;s landing page included information such as the name of the survey, definition of MAP according to the DSM-5-TR, purpose of the study, ethics committee approval information, information that the data will be kept confidential, information that the currently working psychiatrists will participate in the study, the survey does not contain questions that may cause personal sensitivity, and average filling time of the survey. Following this information, the question \u0026ldquo;Do you approve of participating in this study?\u0026rdquo; was asked, and those who answered \u0026ldquo;yes\u0026rdquo; were offered with three options, of which they could choose only one: (Group 1) I have \u0026ldquo;never\u0026rdquo; encountered a patient diagnosed with MAP during my psychiatry life (this option contains 10 questions), (Group 2) I was \u0026ldquo;partially\u0026rdquo; involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP (this option contains 59 questions), (Group 3) I was \u0026ldquo;completely\u0026rdquo; involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP (this option contains 59 questions). Participants were directed to a different page depending on their answers to these three options. Participants were not able to skip items except for the gender question. Questions on age, gender, working duration in psychiatry, type of institution where the participant works (university hospital, training and research hospital, city hospital, community mental health centre, private hospital, etc.), the institution from which the residency training was received, experience working in a psychiatric inpatient unit, working experience in outpatient or inpatient AMATEM unit were asked to all three options. Apart from these, some options included different questions that would be included in the findings section of the study. Estimated mean completion time for option 1 survey was approximately 1-2 minutes, for option 2 and 3 was 6-8 minutes. The survey was open from October 8, 2023 \u0026ndash; November 6, 2023. The survey responses were evaluated separately and together by all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInclusion and Exclusion Criteria\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThose who were not actively practicing psychiatry were not included in the study. There was no age or gender limit. Each response was evaluated on its own. It was planned to exclude discordant respondents from the study. However, it was observed that the participants answered all questions completely and harmoniously, including gender. Therefore, no data were excluded from the study. Only adult psychiatrists were included in the study, and the word psychiatrist used anywhere in the text refers to adult psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthical Approval and Funding\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Firat University Non-invasive Research Ethics Committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki was complied with (Date: 14/09/2023; Number: 2023/12-12). All respondents provided their consent for the information provided to be used for research purposes. No funding was declared.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eData Extraction, Data Security, Statistical Analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe web-based survey was hosted on the Google Forms platform, a secure end-to-end encrypted form builder for free to create online forms that capture classified data. Data was downloaded and stored on Microsoft Excel, an application for managing online surveys and databases. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and continuous variables were given as mean\u0026plusmn;standard deviation, and categorical variables were given as frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical data between the groups and genders. Binary logistic regression analysis was used in group prediction. In regression analysis, the grouping variable (group 2 and group 3) was accepted as the dependent variable, sociodemographic and clinical parameters as the independent variable. The suitability of the independent variable to the model was checked through the Hosmer and Lemeshov test. A p value of less than 0.05 was set as statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSociodemographic and Psychiatric Training Characteristics of Participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData from 78 participants (40 females, 38 males) in group 1 were examined. While the mean age was 30.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.13 years (min 25 years, max 52 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 3.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.56 years (min 1 year, max 25 years). Data from 128 participants (70 females, 58 males) in group 2 were examined. While the mean age was 32.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.06 years (min 25 years, max 43 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 5.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.59 years (min 1 year, max 16 years). Data from 202 participants (106 females, 96 males) in group 3 were examined. While the mean age was 36.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.28 years (min 26 years, max 59 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 9.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.21 years (min 1 year, max 30 years). While the mean age of the total participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;408) was 33.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.61 years (min 25 years, max 59 years), the working duration in psychiatry was 7.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.97 years (min 1 year, max 30 years). There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of age (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and working duration in psychiatry (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). All three groups were significantly different from each other in terms of both age and working duration in psychiatry. Sociodemographic and clinic characteristics of groups 1, 2 and, 3 were shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic and Psychiatric Training Data of Participants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 1 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%) or mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;128)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%) or mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;202)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%) or mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (years)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFemale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (51.28%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (54.68%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 (52.47%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (48.72%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (45.22%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 (47.53%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking duration in psychiatry (years)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResidency training from\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (53.84%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (64.06%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (53.46%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraining and research hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (33.33%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (28.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (18.81%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCity Hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (7.69%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMental health and diseases hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (5.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.84%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (26.73%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurrent institution\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (41.02%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (23.43%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (9.90%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraining and research hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (30.76%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (25.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (21.78%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCity Hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (7.69%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (6.93%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMental health and diseases hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.83%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64 (31.68%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrivate clinic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (12.82%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (7.92%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrivate hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (2.56%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.56%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (7.92%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProvincial state hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (5.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (8.91%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDistrict state hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (14.06%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (4.96%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommunity mental health centre\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of working anywhere with a psychiatric ward\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 (84.61%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118 (92.18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200 (100.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (15.39%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.82%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of working in a psychiatric ward during residency\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64 (82.05%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118 (92.18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200 (100.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (17.95%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.82%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of psychiatric ward in current institution\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (64.10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (68.75%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 (74.25%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (35.90%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (31.25%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (25.75%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOutpatient/inpatient AMATEM experience\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (12.82%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (40.62%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158 (78.21%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (87.18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (59.38%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (21.79%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Standard Deviation, AMATEM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research, Treatment, and Training Centre; Kruskal-Wallis and then Tamhane's T2 were used to compare numerical data. Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eClinical Approaches and Experiences of Group 2 and Group 3\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiences and clinical approaches to MAP of group 2 and group 3, which represent participants who were involved in the treatment process of at least one MAP case, are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperiences and Clinical Approaches of Group 2 and Group 3 in MAP Treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;128)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;202)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow many patients diagnosed with MAP have you been involved in their treatment process?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 patients\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 (56.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 patients\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (20.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u0026ndash;50 patients\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (25.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;50 patients\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (10.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (45.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIs there a treatment guideline you follow in MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (18.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (41.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104 (81.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118 (58.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you think that inpatient treatment is necessary at any time during the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118 (92.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186 (92.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.972\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf inpatient treatment is preferred in MAP, do you think hospitalization in a closed ward is necessary?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (65.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 (82.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (34.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you think that the involuntary hospitalization decision should be issued routinely in MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 (43.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (53.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 (56.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (46.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn a patient diagnosed with MUD who initially had no psychotic symptoms, would the psychotic symptoms added to the clinic later affect your antipsychotic choice?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102 (79.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164 (81.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.737\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (20.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo the dopamine receptor-related properties of the molecule affect your antipsychotic choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (71.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e172 (85.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (14.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDoes the detection of an additional illicit drug in the current admission in the MAP affect your antipsychotic choice?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (35.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 (65.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (64.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (34.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever administered haloperidol plus biperiden intramuscularly in the treatment of any patient diagnosed with MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (70.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186 (92.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (29.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever administered chlorpromazine intramuscularly in the treatment of any patient diagnosed with MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114 (56.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (67.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (43.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever administered zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase intramuscularly in the treatment of any patient diagnosed with MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (34.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 (76.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (65.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (23.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any diazepam intravenously in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (14.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (21.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110 (85.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158 (78.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any vanoxerine consta three monthly in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (12.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (98.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e176 (87.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you routinely prefer intravenous fluid replacement in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (17.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 (82.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.028*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 (27.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146 (72.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: MAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder, MUD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Methamphetamine Use Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAP treatment has its own challenges. The approaches of group 2 and group 3 to possible situations that may be encountered during the MAP treatment process are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproaches of Group 2 and Group 3 to Possible Situations Encountered During the MAP Treatment Process\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;128)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;202)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich psychotropic is your first choice for insomnia complaints in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuetiapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (65.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160 (79.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMirtazapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (17.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (13.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBenzodiazepine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrazodone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChlorpromazine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich psychotropic is your second choice for insomnia complaints in treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuetiapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (26.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (19.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMirtazapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (29.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (39.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBenzodiazepine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (16.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrazodone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChlorpromazine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (16.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich oral antipsychotic do you prefer most often in a patient diagnosed with MAP with antisocial personality traits?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (73.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 (76.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (19.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaliperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(4.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich antipsychotic do you prefer most often in a patient diagnosed with MAP who has a history of suicidal-homicidal thoughts-behavior and self-mutilation?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (54.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 (65.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (34.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (23.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaliperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAripiprazole\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAmisulpride\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDoes a history of suicidal-homicidal thought-behavior and self-mutilation in MAP encourage you to use LAI antipsychotics?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (60.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144 (71.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (39.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (28.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich mood stabilizer do you use most often in the presence of antisocial personality traits, suicidal-homicidal thoughts-behavior and self-mutilation accompanying MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (20.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (13.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSodium valproate plus valproic acid\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (40.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (40.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarbamazepine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (34.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLithium\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (10.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich oral antipsychotic would you most frequently choose for a patient diagnosed with MAP who has a body mass index of around 18 and antisocial personality traits?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (4.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.049*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (14.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (22.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (71.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e140 (69.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaliperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAripiprazole\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever experienced any extrapyramidal system side effects during MAP treatment?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (31.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162 (80.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (68.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (19.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is the most common extrapyramidal system side effect you encounter during MAP treatment?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI did not encounter\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (65.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDystonia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (21.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (42.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAkathisia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (20.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParkinsonism\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used biperiden and/or bornaprine for extrapyramidal system side effects that occur during MAP treatment?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI did not encounter\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (65.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (34.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164 (81.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever encountered life-threatening conditions such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant catatonia, serotonin syndrome during MAP treatment?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (11.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128 (100.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e178 (88.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever had a patient in whom delirium was added to MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (36.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (98.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128 (63.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: MAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePsychotropic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral antipsychotic use characteristics of group 2 and group 3 are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. LAI antipsychotic use characteristics of group 2 and group 3 are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. Non-antipsychotic psychotropic use characteristics of group 2 and group 3 are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral Antipsychotic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;128)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;202)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich is the typical oral antipsychotic you prefer most in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 (48.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (10.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHaloperidol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150 (74.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChlorpromazine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (8.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eZuclopenthixol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich atypical oral antipsychotic is your first choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (40.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (57.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110 (54.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAripiprazole\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaliperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (4.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAmisulpride\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich atypical oral antipsychotic is your second choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (46.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.046*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (29.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (41.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAripiprazole\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaliperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAmisulpride\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich atypical oral antipsychotic is your third choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOlanzapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAripiprazole\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 (30.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaliperidone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (20.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (36.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAmisulpride\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClozapine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (8.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf you prefer olanzapine in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u0026ndash;10 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (54.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 (27.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u0026ndash;20 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (40.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142 (70.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;20 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not prefer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf you prefer risperidone in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u0026ndash;4 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116 (90.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114 (56.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5\u0026ndash;8 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (42.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not prefer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf you prefer aripiprazole in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u0026ndash;10 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (20.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u0026ndash;20 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (29.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98 (48.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21\u0026ndash;30 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (10.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (21.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not prefer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (17.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (8.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf you prefer amisulpride in the maintenance treatment of MAP, at what dosage ranges would you use it?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1-400 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (21.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e401\u0026ndash;800 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102 (50.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;800 mg/day\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not prefer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (19.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow long do you continue antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of a first MAP episode?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use antipsychotics during maintenance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.254\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI stop as soon as the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 1\u0026ndash;6 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (35.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 6\u0026ndash;12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (37.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 1\u0026ndash;3 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 (27.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 3\u0026ndash;5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI will use it throughout life\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow long do you continue antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of a second MAP episodes?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use antipsychotics during maintenance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI stop as soon as the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 1\u0026ndash;6 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (17.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (6.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 6\u0026ndash;12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (17.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 1\u0026ndash;3 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (21.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (21.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 3\u0026ndash;5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (35.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI will use it throughout life\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (16.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow long do you continue antipsychotics in maintenance treatment of a third or more MAP episodes?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use antipsychotics during maintenance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI stop as soon as the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 1\u0026ndash;6 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 6\u0026ndash;12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 1\u0026ndash;3 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (15.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI use it for at least 3\u0026ndash;5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (13.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI will use it throughout life\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (57.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (62.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: MAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAI Antipsychotic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;128)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;202)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used LAI antipsychotics in treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (31.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148 (73.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (68.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich LAI antipsychotic is your first choice in treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (54.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (24.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePP1M\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (40.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eZuclopenthixol decanoate depot\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (24.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisperidone consta\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHaloperidol decanoate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (4.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAripiprazole maintena\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used LAI antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150 (74.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (67.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (25.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDoes the price of the medication affect your choice of LAI antipsychotic in MAP treatment?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (29.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122 (60.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (70.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (39.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: MAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; LAI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Long-Acting Injectable; PP1M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Once-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Antipsychotic Psychotropic Use Characteristics of Group 2 and Group 3 in MAP Treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;128)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;202)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any antidepressant in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 (75.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180 (89.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (10.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich antidepressant is your first choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (20.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (9.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSertraline\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (35.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (44.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEscitalopram\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (9.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVenlafaxine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (6.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBupropion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (19.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParoxetine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDuloxetine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFluoxetine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any benzodiazepine in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (71.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 (82.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.027*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich benzodiazepine is your first choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (21.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiazepam\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (31.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLorazepam\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (45.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlprazolam\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (7.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClonazepam\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any mood stabilizer in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (46.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136 (67.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (53.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 (32.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich mood stabilizer is your first choice in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 (48.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (34.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.031*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSodium valproate plus valproic acid\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (29.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 (36.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarbamazepine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (21.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (30.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any modafinil in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (15.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (22.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (84.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156 (77.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave you ever used any psychostimulant in the treatment of MAP?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (16.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116 (90.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168 (83.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: MAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder; Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical data.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eComparison of Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables of Group 2 and Group 3 in Terms of Gender\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants in group 2 and group 3 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;330) were compared in terms of some variables according to their gender. No significant difference was detected between genders in terms of residency institution, current institution, experience of working in a psychiatric ward, AMATEM experience, and number of MAP cases followed-up (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Female and male participants\u0026rsquo; attitudes were similar on issues such as the necessity of inpatient treatment, the need for a closed ward, and involuntary hospitalization; psychotropic preference in insomnia, LAI antipsychotic preference, typical oral antipsychotic preference, atypical oral antipsychotic preference, atypical oral antipsychotic maintenance doses, duration of antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment according to the number of episodes, intramuscular use of haloperidol/chlorpromazine/zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase; antidepressant, mood stabilizer, benzodiazepine, modafinil, psychostimulant, intravenous diazepam, routine intravenous fluid replacement preferences; psychotropic preferences in antisocial personality pattern/suicide/homicide; encountering conditions such as delirium, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, extrapyramidal system side effects (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eThe Association between Sociodemographic/Clinical Variables and Being from Group 2 and Group 3 with Binary Logistic Regression Analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinary logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal whether sociodemographic/psychiatric training characteristics and MAP-related clinical approaches/attitudes/experiences indicate which group the psychiatrists belongs to. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied separately for each independent variable. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the p value of age, working duration in psychiatry, outpatient/inpatient AMATEM experience, number of MAP cases followed-up, treatment guideline follow-up, LAI antipsychotic use, most common LAI antipsychotic use, LAI antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment, most common typical oral antipsychotic use, maintenance dose of olanzapine, maintenance dose of risperidone, maintenance dose of aripiprazole, maintenance dose of amisulpride, experience of haloperidol plus biperiden intramuscularly use, experience of chlorpromazine intramuscularly use, experience of zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase use, experience of extrapyramidal system side effect, and experience of delirium was determined to be less than 0.001. Binary logistic regression analysis of these 18 variables was performed (Beginning block, -2 log-likelihood\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;440.741\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e, constant p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.456, Exp (B)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.578; Block one, -2 log-likelihood\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;146.636\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e; Cox \u0026amp; Snell R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.590; Nagelkerke R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e 0.800). It was aimed to create a meaningful model with fewer variables. Variables with a Nagelkerke R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e of 0.200 or less were removed from the model. The Nagelkerke R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e of number of MAP cases followed-up, LAI antipsychotic use, LAI antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment, most common typical oral antipsychotic use, experience of zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase use, experience of extrapyramidal system side effect, and experience of delirium was above 0.200. Only one variable with the highest Nagelkerke R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e was taken from the questions on the same topic. Questions \u0026ldquo;LAI antipsychotic use in maintenance treatment\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;experience of zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase use\u0026rdquo; were removed from the model because they questioned the same field as \u0026ldquo;LAI antipsychotic use experience in the treatment of MAP\u0026rdquo;. According to the binary logistic regression analysis of the remaining five independent variables, the question that contributed the least to the model was number of MAP cases followed-up (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.127). This variable, which was more difficult to question with more than two answer options, was removed from the model. Only twenty participant responded to zuclopenthixol oral use, which is one of the answers to \u0026ldquo;most common typical oral antipsychotic use\u0026rdquo;. When this variable was added to the regression model, the Hosmer and Lemeshov test p value remained below 0.05. Therefore, this variable was also removed from the model. As a result, a total of three independent variables were included in the model. All of these variables were two-choice questions and easy to apply. Data from the binary logistic regression model were presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the sensitivity of our model related to the determining the participants who was involved in complete treatment process of at least one MAP case was 81.2, and the specificity was 68.8 percent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinary Logistic Regression Analysis of Group 2 and Group 3 in terms of Independent Variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent Variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExp (B)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95% C.I. for EXP (B)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLAI Antipsychotic Use Experience\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.763\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.359\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of Extrapyramidal System Side Effect\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.374\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.950\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.251\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of Delirium\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.664\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.359\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.340\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.738\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConstant\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.361\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.899\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Abbreviations: LAI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Long-Acting Injectable; Binary logistic regression analysis was used. Model Summary: -2 log-likelihood\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;313.187\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e, Cox \u0026amp; Snell R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.321; Nagelkerke R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e 0.435; Hosmer and Lemeshov test p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.203.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study examines the practices and attitudes of psychiatrists who continue to work actively in Turkey regarding MAP treatment. Although the participants were initially divided into three groups, the focus of the study was those with partial (group 1) or complete (group 2) MAP treatment experience. These two groups, who participated in the treatment process of at least one MAP case, were compared in terms of sociodemographic data, psychiatric training, institutional, regional characteristics, MAP-related experience, clinical approaches, psychotropic preferences, and significant findings were obtained.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fact that genders were similar between the groups made it easier to interpret the findings. Those whose current institution is a university hospital, city hospital, provincial/district state hospital, and community mental health centre have more partial MAP treatment experience. Complete MAP treatment experience is higher in participants whose current institution is a mental health and disease hospital. The reason for this is most likely the need for closed ward in MAP treatment and the closed wards are almost always located in a mental health and disease hospital in Turkey. The majority of patients diagnosed with MAP admitted to institutions other than mental health and disease hospitals are referred to mental health and disease hospitals before starting treatment and their treatment is usually completed there [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Participants involved in the complete MAP treatment process have higher AMATEM experience. This finding is expected since drug-related treatments in Turkey are often carried out in these centres [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fact that MAP cases are mostly followed-up and treated in mental health and disease hospitals also affects the number of complete MAP treatment experience of the psychiatrists working there. Those who have experience with complete MAP treatment are more likely to follow any guideline. Considering that psychiatrists who are partially involved in MAP treatment often refer patients to a closed psychiatric ward, it can be understood why they do not need a guideline. Almost all of those involved in MAP treatment, both partially and completely, think that hospitalization is necessary at any stage of MAP treatment. Participants with complete MAP treatment experience think that hospitalization in MAP should be performed in a closed psychiatric ward. This approach to closed ward admission is understandable for participants with complete MAP treatment experience, who have witnessed all stages of MAP treatment and are more exposed to possible risks. It is seen that those with both partial and complete MAP treatment experience are undecided about involuntary hospitalization and the rates of both groups are similar. It is suggested that the medical, ethical and judicial dimensions of involuntary hospitalization be discussed in depth and that studies be carried out to eliminate the uncertainty on this issue. The patients diagnosed with MAP in the acute exacerbation period will have consequences including suicidal and homicidal behaviours [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The delusions of jealousy, reference, persecution, and auditory hallucinations in MAP cases lead to loss of insight and therefore rejection of voluntary admission [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. In such a case, the choice of involuntary hospitalization should be discussed, taking into account the high benefit of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntramuscular antipsychotic administration use rates including haloperidol, chlorpromazine, zuclopenthixol decanoate acuphase were higher in participants who experienced complete MAP treatment. Antipsychotics can be administered intramuscularly for rapid and strong effectiveness in MAP accompanied by agitation and aggression [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Patients with these characteristics are generally inpatients. Since the rate of working in places with psychiatric ward was higher in the complete MAP treatment group, it can be said that this finding is an expected finding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuetiapine is most commonly used in the treatment of possible insomnia that occurs in MAP, and those who are involved in the complete treatment use quetiapine more frequently for this purpose. The potential benefits of quetiapine in substance use disorders may be related to its frequent use [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Majority of the participants involved in the MAP treatment, both partially and completely, most commonly favour oral risperidone as an antipsychotic, sodium valproate plus valproic acid, carbamazepine as a mood stabilizer in patients with antisocial personality traits, suicidal/homicidal thoughts/behaviours, and self-mutilation. Also, a history of suicidal/homicidal thoughts/behaviours and self-mutilation in MAP encourage the majority of participants to use LAI antipsychotics. A patient diagnosed with MAP whose body mass index is below normal limits, even if he/she has antisocial personality traits, changes the antipsychotic preference of psychiatrists from risperidone to olanzapine. The frequency of encountering extrapyramidal system side effects, life-threatening conditions and delirium was found to be higher among those working in institutions with service. Additionally, it has been observed that the most common extrapyramidal system side effect during MAP follow-up and treatment is dystonia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile olanzapine is the most frequently preferred atypical oral antipsychotic in both groups, risperidone is the second most frequently preferred atypical oral antipsychotic. It is known that antisocial personality traits are common in MAP cases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. It was emphasized above that participants in both groups preferred risperidone more frequently in patients diagnosed with MAP with antisocial personality traits. Despite this, it can be argued that olanzapine is more frequently preferred as an atypical oral antipsychotic in the treatment of MAP. One possible explanation may be that risperidone is associated with more extrapyramidal system side effects [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Aripiprazole and paliperidone are the most preferred atypical oral antipsychotics after olanzapine and risperidone. The participants who have experience with complete MAP treatment are more likely to use higher doses of olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and amisulpride in the maintenance treatment of MAP. The fact that participants with complete MAP treatment experience have been involved in the treatment of more patients diagnosed with MAP and have encountered many drug side effects may enable them to make courageous decisions. Non-antipsychotic psychotropic use was higher in participants who participated in the complete MAP treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn both groups, the participants who think that antipsychotics should be continued for at least 6\u0026ndash;12 months after the psychotic symptoms disappear in the maintenance treatment of the first MAP episode constitute the largest proportion (37.5% and 37.6%). However, when the results are examined in detail, it is seen that the participants do not have a common practice on this issue. It has been determined that the duration of antipsychotic use in the maintenance treatment of MAP varies over a wide range (1 month to 3 years). In both groups, the participants who think that antipsychotics should be continued for at least 3\u0026ndash;5 years after the psychotic symptoms disappear in the maintenance treatment of the second MAP episode constitute the largest proportion (35.9% and 33.7%). When the results are examined, it is seen that the participants do not have a common practice in the second episode. Attitude differences have reached an extremely wide range, from 1 month to throughout life. Those who think that antipsychotics should be used throughout life in the third and subsequent MAP episodes are in the majority in both groups. However, disagreements regarding the duration of antipsychotic use in MAP maintenance continue here as well. On the other hand, participants with complete MAP treatment experience think that antipsychotics should be used for a significantly longer time in the second and subsequent MAP episodes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo significant effect of gender was found on the variables examined in this study. As the working duration in psychiatry increases, the doses of antipsychotics used in the maintenance treatment of MAP and the duration of use of antipsychotics become longer. It is thought that this is directly related to the increase in patient experience. Binary logistic regression analysis determined that antipsychotic use characteristics and having encountered possible life-threatening situations were the most effective variables in revealing the experience of partial or complete MAP treatment. Again, according to binary logistic regression analysis, it is possible to determine which group the participant belongs to with a rate of 43.5% with three yes/no questions (experience of LAI antipsychotic use, extrapyramidal system side effect, and delirium).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStrengths, Limitations and Future Directions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most important strength of this study is that there is no study with similar features in the literature. Another strength of the current study is that participants representing psychiatrists actively working in Turkey were reached through a web-based survey. Psychiatrists' practices and attitudes towards the follow-up and treatment processes of MAP are discussed in detail. The effects of psychiatric training and institutional characteristics on approaches are discussed. Just as the psychotic features of MAP cannot yet be clearly explained and positioned according to primary psychotic disorder, psychiatrists' views on the subject are far from a common practice. There are significant differences of opinion on very important topics such as hospitalization, features of oral/intramuscular/LAI antipsychotic use, approaches to possible conditions accompanying MAP, and antipsychotic use characteristics in maintenance treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cross-sectional nature of the study can be considered as a limitation. The validity of the responses to the survey has not been confirmed as it is a web-based study. This study includes only adult psychiatrists working in Turkey. Considering that drug use characteristics vary regionally, it is not appropriate to generalize the results. Since the study was shared only on certain web environments, it is possible that not all psychiatrists could be reached.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese differences in approach suggest that the DSM-5-TR definition of MAP should be re-evaluated. It is thought that special importance should be given to the MAP section in the next edition of DSM. Undoubtedly, the item of MAP related to duration of psychotic symptoms will be one of the most discussed items. Additionally, the fact that MAP has different characteristics from other drug-associated psychotic disorders may be the subject of the next DSM edition. In this respect, this study will provide a different perspective to studies examining the similarities and differences between primary psychotic disorder and MAP.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThere are many variables that affect psychiatrists' attitudes and practices regarding MAP treatment. The psychotic nature of MAP and psychiatrists' approaches to this nature appear to vary significantly. The duration of antipsychotic use in the maintenance treatment of MAP is an important matter of debate. The most important result of this study is that psychiatrists make courageous decisions such as more LAI preferences, administering higher doses of anipsychotics, selecting more potent drugs, using more antidepressants, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers; as their experience participating in all phases of MAP treatment increases. This study, which examines the approaches of psychiatrists to MAP treatment in Turkey, needs to be supported by further studies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAs researchers, we would like to thank the valuable psychiatrists who participated in our study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e XXX.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNo funding was declared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Fırat University Non-invasive Research Ethics Committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki was complied with (Date: 14/09/2023; Number: 2023/12-12).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate:\u003c/strong\u003e Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAll individual participants consented to the publication of their non-personal data.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2023) World Drug Report 2023. 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Harv Rev Psychiatry 14(3):152\u0026ndash;164. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/10673220600748486\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/10673220600748486\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Prescription pattern, Prescription practice, Treatment approach, Psychotropic selection, Psychotropic preferences, Prescription trend, Treatment attitude, Methamphetamine, Psychosis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117935/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117935/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurposes\u003c/strong\u003e: Many variables such as psychiatric training, experiences, institution, and region characteristics may affect approaches of psychiatrists to methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder (MAP) treatment.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eThis study was aimed to reach adult psychiatrists actively practicing in Turkey through an internet-based survey and to determine their practices and attitudes to MAP treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eThis was an internet-based, double-blind, quantitative, cross-sectional, psychiatrist approach-based observational survey. Participants were divided into three groups based on their answers: Those who do not follow-up any MAP patient were group 1 (n=78), partially involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP were group 2 (n=128), completely involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP were group 3 (n=202).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eThere was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of age (p\u0026lt;0.001), working duration in psychiatry (p\u0026lt;0.001), and institution and psychiatric training characteristics (p\u0026lt;0.001). Psychotropic preferences in insomnia (p\u0026lt;0.001), typical oral antipsychotic choice (p\u0026lt;0.001), preferred doses of olanzapine/risperidone/aripiprazole/amisulpride for maintenance treatment (p\u0026lt;0.001), long-acting injectable antipsychotic use practices (p\u0026lt;0.001), non-antipsychotic psychotropic use characteristics (p\u0026lt;0.001), extrapyramidal system side effect experiences (p\u0026lt;0.001), delirium and life-threatening situations encounter rates (p\u0026lt;0.001) were significantly different between group 2 and group 3. While the duration of maintenance with antipsychotics in the first MAP episode was similar between group 2 and group 3 (p=0.254), it was different in the second and subsequent MAP episodes (p\u0026lt;0.05). The attitudes of male and female participants were similar on almost all issues. A binary logistic regression model containing the experiences of LAI antipsychotic use, extrapyramidal system side effect and delirium was created (overall p\u0026lt;0.001, Nagelkerke R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.435; Hosmer and Lemeshow test p=0.203).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eThis first study in the field, which examines the current issue in detail, reveals that there are many factors that seriously affect psychiatrists' approaches to MAP treatment in Turkey. The most important result of this study is that psychiatrists make courageous decisions as their experience participating in all phases of MAP treatment increases.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Practices and Attitudes of Adult Psychiatrists Regarding Methamphetamine-Associated Psychotic Disorder: An Internet Based Survey Conducted in Turkey","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-25 06:11:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117935/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"16e624d6-5992-48bf-b5cc-21e0e49cf642","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 25th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-17T14:31:51+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-25 06:11:38","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4117935","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4117935","identity":"rs-4117935","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}