Design of high precision multichannel biological 3D printer

Abstract 3D printing technology is expected to solve the problem of organ shortage. However, due to accuracy limitations, current biological 3D printing technology is difficult to achieve accurate control of the spatial position and distribution of single cell or single component droplet. In order to accurately construct transplantable organ tissues and organs to achieve directional deposition of different cells and biological materials in the spatial position during the construction of large tissues and organs, a high precision multichannel biological 3D printer with submicron level motion accuracy is designed as well as the concurrent and synergistic printing methods are proposed in this paper. On the basis of studying the high-precision motion characteristics of the gantry structure and the requirements of concurrent and synergistic printing, a set of 6 channels biological 3D printing system is designed that makes the six in one printing came true. Based on Visual C++ environment, the control system software that integrates PMAC motion control subsystem, pneumatic control subsystem and temperature control subsystem is developed and designed. Finally, based on measurement and experiments, it was verified that the biological 3D printer and its control system can meet the requirements of multichannel printing, concurrent printing and synergistic printing with submicron level motion accuracy, and significantly shorten the printing time as well as improve the printing efficiency. Therefore, this study will provide equipment basis for printing complex structures or heterogeneous tissues or organs containing multiple cells, make the construction of complex multicellular tissues or organs possible, and greatly improve the flexibility and functionality of bioprinting.