Evaluation of Shell Powders of Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean as Eco-friendly Fluid Loss Control Additives in Drilling Mud

Evaluation of Shell Powders of Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean as Eco-friendly Fluid Loss Control Additives in Drilling Mud | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of Shell Powders of Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean as Eco-friendly Fluid Loss Control Additives in Drilling Mud Kayii Joe Nwiyoronu, Oriji Onuoha, Onojake Mudiagha Chukunedum, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4441270/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fluid loss within a permeable formation is one of the expensive problems encounter during drilling of a wellbore. Commercially available materials such as Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose (HEC), Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC), and Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) are employed to minimize fluid loss but they are costly and cause increased viscosity when faced with high salinity and hardness. This study evaluate the application of shell powders of hamburger bean and bush mango as eco-friendly and cheap filtration control additives in water-based mud. Sixteen samples were formulated with different concentrations (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) of the shell powders. The effect of the additives on the rheological property was determined. Filtration test was determined using API 13B-I LPLP filter press. Results obtained showed that 15g and 20g of Bush mango reduced fluid loss, while the mud samples with hamburger beans exhibited a progressive decrease in filtration rate as the hamburger bean content increased. Both Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean-based mud produced cake thickness between 1.2-1.8 mm. The overall result indicates that Hamburger bean provide effective filtration control than Bush mango. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Article highlight 1. The study chose to evaluate the shell powders of widely available seeds as cheap filtrate control additives in water-based drilling mud. 2. The study focused on environmental sustainability through the application of eco-friendly fluid loss control additives in water-based drilling fluid. 3. This study offers a green additive as an alternative to the expensive and non-biodegradable conventional fluid-retardant additive in drilling mud. 1. Introduction Drilling mud remain a vital component of drilling a wellbore for the exploration and production of oil and gas [1, 2]. Drilling fluid is employed during the process of drilling an oil well to enhance drilling’s efficiency and well productivity [3]. Drilling fluid is a blend comprising of a base fluid as the continuous phase and different kinds of additives that perform definite or dual function(s) to remove drill cuttings to the surface, maintain wellbore stability [4, 5, 6] and control hydrostatic pressure [7]. Drilling fluids are classified as water-based, oil-based and synthetic-based. The type of drilling mud employed is dependent on the formation’s requirements and drilling condition [8]. Water-based drilling fluid is widely used by mud engineers in the drilling industry following its wide availability, cost effectiveness and environmental tolerance [9]. During the formulation of drilling mud, mud engineers incorporate materials such as Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose (HEC), Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC), and Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) to minimize fluid loss [11]. Nevertheless, these additives have limitations when faced with high salinity, hardness, and temperature, leading to increase in mud viscosity in addition to the high cost associated with its importation which negatively impacts the overall cost of drilling a wellbore [12,13]. In recent times, researchers have made efforts to source locally available agro waste materials as alternatives to the expensive imported polymers used for fluid loss control. Consequently, cocoyampeels [14], pumpkin seed shells [15], cassava starch [16], broad bean peel [17] okra shells [18] are some of the agro-based materials reported by some researchers. In this study, the shell powders of bush mango (BMSP) and hamburger bean (HBSP) are evaluated of their effect on the filtration property in water-based drilling mud. 2. Methodology 2.1 Materials Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum, bentonite, barite, and Soda ash were purchase from Masid Engineering Limited, Nigeria. We purchased hamburger bean and bush mango seeds from the fruit garden mart in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The seeds were identified by the taxonomist at the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 2.2 Pre-treatment of the shells Samples were de-hulled with a hammer and screened manually to remove contaminants. The samples (shells) were dried in an oven at 80 °C for 540 seconds. Thereafter, the samples were pulverized and sieved using a standard mesh size to obtained homogeneous particle size of 80μm. The powders obtained was kept in a cellophane bag to prevention contamination. 2.3 Mud preparation and evaluation The samples were used to formulate water-based mud in-line with the American Petroleum Institute (API 13B-I) recommended procedure. Each sample was formulated using a 350 mL of distil H 2 O poured into a plastic container and stir gently with Hamilton Beach mixer while varying concentration of the weighed additives were added in sequence at 540 seconds interval (Table 1). Thereafter, the samples were kept for 1day for aging before the API specified filtration test was conducted Table 1 Drilling fluid composition 2.4 Determination of rheological properties of the fluid The rheological properties were determined by pouring the mud samples into a cylindrical steel cup of Faan viscometer (Model 35) until it reached the marked point. The rotor dial readings were noted for different revolutions were used to calculate the fluid's plastic viscosity (PV), apparent viscosity (AV), and yield points (YP). The gel strength for 10 seconds and 10 minutes was measured at 3 RPM. The following equation was used to calculate these properties: AV) = θ 600 /2 (1) PV = θ 600 - θ 300 (2) YP = θ 300 - plastic viscosity (3) Where: θ 600 = dial reading at 600 rotation per minute (RPM) θ 300 = dial reading at 300 rotation per minute (RPM) 2.5 Determination of fluid loss The American Petroleum Institute (API) guideline for low pressure low pressure (LPLT) filtration test obtained from API 13B-1was adopted. The test was conducted at room temperature and 100 Psi for 1800 seconds. The mud samples with different additive concentrations were introduced to a cylindrical mud cell fitted with filter paper (Whatman 50) and other filter screens at the base of the cell held on a low-pressure low temperature filter press stand. The filtrate was received in a graduated beaker and was noted as the volume of fluid loss before the mud cell was taken down to obtain the filter paper containing a layer of filter cake. The thickness of the filter cake was obtained from the centre of the cake with a ruler and the results was recorded in millimetre. 2.6 pH Measurement pH meter consisting of a glass electrode (probe) and a displayed screen was used. In 100ml graduated cylinder was added the filtrate from the formulated mud. The glass electrode was inserted and then stirred continuously with the tester until a stable value displaced on the screen. The pH value was obtained as a readout on the screen. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Results Table 1: Properties of formulated mud in comparison with reference mud Properties Values Ref mud 5g BMSP 10g BMSP 15g BMSP 20g BMSP 5g HBSP 10g HBSP 15g HBSP 20g HBSP AV (cP) 65 69.5 60 75 77.5 76 75 92.5 93.5 PV (mPas -1) 33 29 19 26 15 30 29 40 YP(Ib/100ft 2 ) 64 81 82 98 125 90 92 105 111 Gel strength 10seconds (Ib/100ft 2 ) 22 27 23 26 32 27 25 34 32 Gel strength (10minutes) (Ib/100ft 2 ) 26 31 29 38 42 33 36 43 42 Density (PPG) 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.7 pH 8.4 9.75 9.75 9.79 9.82 9.53 9.56 9.6 9.74 Cake thickness (mm) 1.8 1.8 1.78 1.63 1.42 1.7 1.65 1.4 1.22 Fluid loss (ml) 30 mins. 13.6 13.8 138.6 12.4 11.6 13.4 12.4 11.6 10.8 BMSP= bush mango shell powder, HBSP = hamburger bean powder 3.2 Plastic viscosity Plastic viscosity of drilling fluid measures the degree of resistance in the flow rate of fluid which is dependent on the viscosity of the base fluids and their solid contents [19]. The PV of BMSP mud samples decreased in comparison to the reference fluid as shown in Fig. 1. The mud sample with 5g BMSP had a PV of 29cP, 10g BMSP (26cP), 15g BMSP (19cp) and 20g (15cp). Similarly, the PV for mud samples with HBSP containing 5g and 10g HBSP were lower than the PV of the reference mud, measuring 30cP and 29cP respectively. Also, the PV of mud samples containing 15g and 20g HBSP increased, measuring 40cP and 38cP respectively. 3.3 Apparent viscosity The apparent viscosity (AV) of drilling mud plays a crucial role in suspending drilled cuttings and ensuring effective hole cleaning [20, 21]. The AV in Fig. 2 for BMSP samples ranged from 69.5cP to 77.5cP, with the 5g BMSP mud sample having an AV of 69.5cP and the 20g BMSP mud sample having an AV of 77.5cP. For HBSP-based mud samples, the AV increased progressively with an increase in HBSP content. The addition of 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g of HBSP increased the AV by 14.3%, 14.7%, 35.1%, and 35.8% respectively compared to the reference fluid. These findings indicate a proportional increase in AV with an increase in BMSP and HBSP concentration conforming to the findings by Yalman et. al . [22] 3.4 Yield point Yield point (YP) measures the ability of drilling mud to carry drill cuttings in suspension while circulating in and out of the wellbore [22]. ]. Fig. 3 shows the yield point of drilling mud samples with BM as a fluid loss retardant additive. It was observed that the yield point in the BMSP-based mud sample consistently increased with increasing BMSP content. The YP of the sample with 20g BMSP increased by 48.8% compared to the YP of the base fluid. The YP results for HBSP mud samples ranged from 90kg/m2 to 111kg/m2, with the 20g mud sample having the highest YP of 111kg/m2. 3.5 Gel strength Gel strength measures the thixotropic behaviour and the degree of gelation that occurs due to the binding forces between particles within a recorded time interval in order to suspend cuttings in a static condition and flow when sufficient force is applied. The gel strength for the fluid samples containing BMSP and HBSP additive as demonstrated in Figure 4 was found to increase steadily with increasing additive content. The 10seconds and 10minute gel strength for mud sample containing 20 g BM and 20g HB respectively were found to increase significantly from 32Ib/100ft 2 to 42Ib/100ft 2 . 3.6 Fluid loss Fluid loss is a measure of the quantity of filtrate that permeates the cavities in a permeable formation due to hydrostatic pressure. A low volume of fluid loss is desired during drilling forestall the occurrence of formation damage and loss circulation [23, 24]. The use of bush mango shell powders as a fluid loss control additive in drilling mud samples (Fig. 5) led to a reduction in filtration rate, particularly with 15g and 20g of bush mango shell powders. The addition of 20g of bush mango shell powders resulted in a significant decrease in filtrate volume (13.2%) compared to the reference mud. Similarly, the addition of hamburger bean (Fig. 6) also resulted to a consistent reduction volume of fluid loss volume with increasing additive content. The addition of 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g of HBSP led to reduction in fluid loss by 1.47%, 8.82%, 14.71% and 20.6% which is consistent with previous studies by Duru et al .[25], Igwilo et al .[27], and Prakash et al . [28]. 3.7 pH The pH result obtained from the drilling mud samples with BMSP and HBSP showed minimal increase in pH value with increase in the additive content as presented in Fig. 9. Drilling fluid performs optimally in pH range of 9.5 – 12.5 for water based mud [6]. It was noted from the result in Fig 7 that BMSP and HBSP shell powders are good pH enhancer in drilling fluid. The findings on HBSP and BMSP mud samples were attributed to strong cohesive bond binding the molecules of HBSP and BMSP which resisted further reactions of electrons in the molecule. 3.8 Cake thickness Mud cake thickness is one of the parameters in drilling fluid desired to be thin, smooth, flexible and impermeable to forestall lost circulation, differential pipe stuck and formation damage (Okon et al., 2014). Figure 8 shows the mud cake thickness results of the drilling fluid samples containing BMSP and HBSP. It was observed that the mud cake from BMSP and HBSP-based fluids were thin, flexible, smooth and impermeable. Cake thickness of the drilling fluid sample with all concentrations of BM and HB ranged between 1.2 and 1.8mm. Yalman et al ., [22] reported thickness between 1.1 mm to 2 mm and Agwu et al ., [11] reported 2.8 - 3.8 mm 4. Conclusions Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that 1. The locally sourced hamburger bean shell powders provides better filtration control than bush mango while African oil bean does not retard filtration rate. 2. The shell powders of BMSP, HBSP and AFSP confer good rheological properties on the fluid samples. 3. Both bush mango and hamburger bean-based mud produced filter cake thickness within the API recommended thickness while African oil bean and composite additives based mud produced filter cake thickness above the API recommended thickness. 4. The pH of the mud’s filtrate was found to be within the API recommended pH range. Declarations Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Source of funding : No funding was received from any donor or government agency. Data availability: The authors declare that the data supporting the findings from this study is available within the paper. If a different format of the raw data is needed, the corresponding author can provide it upon request. Author Contribution Onojake M.C., Oriji, G.O. and G.U. Obuzor designed the research methodology Nwiyoronu Kayii wrote the main manuscriptAll authours review the manuscript References Amel, H.S., and Amed, A. H. (2021): Enhancing the rheological properties of water based Drilling fluid by utilizing environmentally friendly materials. Journal of petroleum research studies 6(2): 66-81. https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v11i3.533 Abo, T.T.A., Husam. H.A., Shari, D. and Mustafa, A.A. 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mud\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/e3a31ace04991619120b9f02.png"},{"id":57899841,"identity":"878cff77-1658-441d-b8e2-3db4d16facab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 08:33:44","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eQuantity of filtrate from BMSP-based mud\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/532602b3a540c70499f21121.png"},{"id":57900507,"identity":"a476d654-8844-4004-96a8-806de08d3336","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 08:41:44","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11528,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eQuantity of filtrate from HBSP-based mud\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/1e2347e9672c042ddba5822b.png"},{"id":57899844,"identity":"4e3ffe67-ddc0-43b7-9516-b54c6a526de8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 08:33:44","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":18436,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003epH of mud’s filtrate from BMSP and HBSP-based mud\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/ae9dea2cf1ef92fd926e9a63.png"},{"id":57900893,"identity":"3c29b88c-b73c-4f76-916d-0a3de5835117","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 08:49:44","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11484,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFilter cake thickness of BMSP and HBSP-based mud\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/c5dde9b63820becbefe0684d.png"},{"id":57899846,"identity":"b6f48dca-cd0f-4be9-9682-d21650f6d509","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 08:33:44","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":942723,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered image in the Methodology section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Unnumberfig.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/1d97bbdadcd46da3edd76a0c.png"},{"id":57901400,"identity":"76b9ab69-557c-4a62-afec-829532f28f87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 08:57:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1789928,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4441270/v1/3220acc8-1859-42ec-987b-2e061893d20c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaluation of Shell Powders of Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean as Eco-friendly Fluid Loss Control Additives in Drilling Mud","fulltext":[{"header":"Article highlight ","content":"\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The study chose to evaluate the shell powders of widely available seeds as cheap filtrate control additives in water-based drilling mud.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The study focused on environmental sustainability through the application of eco-friendly fluid loss control additives in water-based drilling fluid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; This study offers a green additive as an alternative to the expensive and non-biodegradable conventional fluid-retardant additive in drilling mud.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eDrilling mud remain a vital component of drilling a wellbore for the exploration and production of oil and gas [1, 2]. Drilling fluid is employed during the process of drilling an oil well to enhance drilling’s efficiency and well productivity [3]. Drilling fluid is a blend comprising of a base fluid as the continuous phase and different kinds of additives that perform definite or dual function(s) to remove drill cuttings to the surface, maintain wellbore stability [4, 5, 6] and control hydrostatic pressure [7]. Drilling fluids are classified as water-based, oil-based and synthetic-based. The type of drilling mud employed is dependent on the formation’s requirements and drilling condition [8]. Water-based drilling fluid is widely used by mud engineers in the drilling industry following its wide availability, cost effectiveness and environmental tolerance [9].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the formulation of drilling mud, mud engineers incorporate materials such as Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose (HEC), Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC), and Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) to minimize fluid loss [11]. Nevertheless, these additives have limitations when faced with high salinity, hardness, and temperature, leading to increase in mud viscosity in addition to the high cost associated with its importation which negatively impacts the overall cost of drilling a wellbore [12,13]. In recent times, researchers have made efforts to source locally available agro waste materials as alternatives to the expensive imported polymers used for fluid loss control.\u0026nbsp;Consequently, cocoyampeels [14], pumpkin seed shells [15], cassava starch [16], broad bean peel [17] okra shells [18] are some of the agro-based materials reported by some researchers. In this study, the shell powders of bush mango (BMSP) and hamburger bean (HBSP) are evaluated of their effect on the filtration property in water-based drilling mud.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1 Materials\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum, bentonite, barite, and Soda ash were purchase from Masid Engineering Limited, Nigeria. \u0026nbsp; We purchased hamburger bean and bush mango seeds from the fruit garden mart in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The seeds were identified by the taxonomist at the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2 Pre-treatment of the shells\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSamples were de-hulled with a hammer and screened manually to remove contaminants. The samples (shells) were dried in an oven at 80 \u0026deg;C for 540 seconds. Thereafter, the samples were pulverized and sieved using a standard mesh size to obtained homogeneous particle size of 80\u0026mu;m. The powders obtained was kept in a cellophane bag to prevention contamination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3 Mud preparation and evaluation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe samples were used to formulate water-based mud in-line with the American Petroleum Institute (API 13B-I) recommended procedure. Each sample was formulated using a 350 mL of distil H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO poured into a plastic container and stir gently with Hamilton Beach mixer while varying concentration of the weighed additives \u0026nbsp;were added in sequence at 540 seconds interval (Table 1). Thereafter, the samples were kept for 1day for aging before the API specified filtration test was conducted\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1 Drilling fluid composition\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cimg 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mIbA5mA20vMWhc3YbBDm4we8PWFT+Lp162qX8xP9P85cf7XQGGNMs/ASL2OMaRB8Aemhhx7a8YeXy5YtS1/+uvjiizt+/WvS4ZPKkfXr16cvSRljjFl4eIBijDHGGGOMaQxe4mWMMcYYY4xpDB6gGGOMMcYYYxqDByjGGGOMMcaYxuABijHGGGOMMaYxeIBijDHGGGOMaQweoBhjjDHGGGMagwcoxhhjjDHGmMbgAYoxxhhjjDGmMXiAYowxxhhjjGkMHqAYY4wxxhhjGsOi7S3q86GyaNGi+swYY4wxxhjTjRF1yyeOkQ1QjDHGGGOMMaZfvMTLGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNIZ5NUB57bXX0v+vcJwNuT9ffPFF9cQTT1RHHXVUdccddyQ7Y4wxZpw899xz1XnnnVedcsoptU0zIZ60n7SrBx54YLV27dqB21Pa4yVLlnR89pNPPqkefPDBFJbbbGMmk8YNUFBg7QzKBmXMYGGY9OLfbrvtVr399tv1VRkUYSnegkYkv9eP8iSepF/PoqQvv/zy6r333qtdmIUMDTcNP3KBfCBv7WRDjbxkCZPLIm4kb7ilwS+BXFI3FSadg1ER4yvT9M6ZMaOA+km79OSTT9Y2zYTByS9+8YvqhRdeqLZu3Zp0xQMPPNC1PZ0t++67bwrPGDOZNG6Awv9Gbtq0KZ2vWLEiXWO2bdtW3XvvvdXXX39dnX/++Wn2BQUdOfbYY5Nbjr1C5+qzzz6rr6bJ/dlzzz2r0047LZ134uqrr07xXLZsWbomHfgjUNBbtmxJ50uXLk3Kk2e6QTrphDEYOfPMM1MY+IuCX7x4cfXjH/946IM2M3ncfffd1X777Vf94Q9/qNavX1+9+eab1dlnn13fnQluV61aldzJXHzxxfXdaZlbvnx5Gpggb6+++mp13XXX7TKIYdCCXG7cuDHJ5AEHHJDkP6+bw4IwNm/enM5Vh6hXxiw0aJdoo9TeNBXabQYlxBf9QH398ssv67v9gz8836ntJBwGb8aYCabV4DeOVoeIXv321gCltplJq2PV8X6vtAYL21sd/O2tzllt0xnC7MUt8cLt1NRUbTOTfuMu/4hviTVr1qT7rQFRbWMWGq2O+i7yJrnIwe3KlSvrqzKqY9RFsWHDhmTH88CRa8KJUKd4fpQQ7mzrvzHzAepBk+tCu/hRh3ttewcBfTjqMIwxo6ORe1CYIenEunXr0uzpiy++uGOfSFxzGvegsMRFy0848uYFcH/CCSdUX331VXXNNdek+8wOt/NnXPBmhHS2OpTVEUccUdvOZPXq1enITPaoZq5Ns2HGMH9ziGwjNzl33XVXWhbCWzlkvSQzyF2rUzGjLv7kJz9Jx6effjodX3755XQ89dRT01GcfPLJaQlHO6hjLEVTHaPe8aYGozeBxEtL0HBrjOlMbOvypZbUcdoH1Snc5W/d27WVgvv4y3386VYvqde4pf3CKF4l5C9G7a6ej3akg3jjPn+bS3rjktSbb765vmOMmUQmcpM8nSZ1vB5//PF0/O6776pvvvlmlzWnDEJ4xdwajKVlKLpPh06vmVnewn1eGbfzZ1w8++yz6Ug62kF+0JmkQ/rGG2/UtmahQkeCzggN9m9/+9vadif7779/qj8sAbvsssvSUi6eEXQGkKV/+Id/qG2m0QD5lVdeScdnnnkmHQ855JB0FEceeWQ6thvgU8fwnzpG/T3nnHNSXWRgw/JNOj6HHnposqNu3nrrrTPiZ4yZyccff1z9/ve/T20cdUaTWuKGG26oXnrppbQsWMuQqWtxcqJdWwnUP5aLXn/99en+bbfdluplPkiI0J7ilrYJw3m75ZjYb9iwob6ahudzO9pmlm6RvgjpQH8wMCF9pLM08WKMmRwm9iteu+++ezpqlojO0zHHHJPOI3SEDj744HTODPP999+fztvRzp9BOO6443bMAEVTgg6l7kelz54boMPWC++//359ZhYiDArYk8QbDAYgetsRoeFnFpIBAB0AjnQ+8gZddawb3d545lDHGCTBBRdckCYL4Morr0xH3sjobZDqYt4hMcbshDcet9xyS6o31G8GKXTS9ZaEOs6ghLpGff3Zz36W7D/88MN0hE5tJQMS3kioXl566aXJv9tvvz1dD4NSG5fbEf/SflAGYECcSR/ubrrppmRnjJlMJnaA0ivMIjGzIkXNK+C5YmpqKs0a5SaHuB1//PHpHs+w5Kzd7LMxnaADgRzxgQZmE3lDwld02kFH49FHH02zpVqyZYyZbHgrCfoADG0MRssrf/rTnyb7SKe2kiWhvHGJE20MgBjUxKVk44I4E/eIN8kbM9lM7ACFV72QL0PJQXEx88OraWaZOnXWxgUNgRoDOpi8Dv/zn/+crvfYY490fP3119OxG4cddlh9ZhYyyBNLOuCRRx5Jx3YwI8lsaP41O2PMZKK3koK3owxMqOd86Y9JiZxubWW7Cbc8rHHAQElvZY0x84OJHKCgbPXt93yDbgk6a6zRveSSS6rTTz+9kYOUnH322Scd+awwaN1/CfKD5Tx8criXzyGbhQEdBwa7vEnpBssitKSLQTKylMuc3uqdeOKJ6XjWWWelY/62T89pOYgxZm7Rck3V6QsvvDBNWHz00UfprWm7twud2srnn3++PttJk9rSd999tz4zxswHGjlAydfC57DelCUpvJLu1gmK+zlYm0uHjY2ATUfposEgzqzBb7fs6+GHH04zSKVZMbOwoS6xfLATuMFoWQggdwx6Y13UWzy5O+mkk9Ixvt3DPc/xHyvjpNPmXWPmO1quqTpK+3Huued23C/Wqa2krWVfW/6xij/+8Y/1WXuiDumFb7/9tj6bed4JvurJAKzfsIwxzaWRA5R2a+GZreHzgihKFGb+haIPPvhgxhHYxKc1tayVZXZIM8AQZ4o1G1TyR4q52ywNClJKMj4v5A/xKK3dZbN8/qWTxx57LL2aP+OMM1Ja5D9+4Z49K+w58NuThYvqhuQDg2zwqVAGG0Kf0JasI4NXXHFF9dBDD83ovPApb9DmUwbH1CU232pJB0eusUcWCVPu9Xw7Pv3003SMHZBSvdN9uQfFXfUgQnpId68b/I2ZDzApoHpBXaUO0CaortLOPfXUU6nOUEf09UvqGjoBOrWV/Ekrk2B8gAO/GcygR/jIRSfQC+xVwa9YX0vt6d57752ON954Y0oDYfznf/5nsuPtjZ4pPctAivihA9Wu6o0PukPPGGMmiO0Ngyi1M0uXLk1/AJf/IR20Okoz3HINrY59+uM47DjmfyrHnxtyb8WKFelP6Ur+6A+foimRP5u7JYz8nuIJnHf6s0XuRT9ID/mxtf7jPLNw4U88qR+SDeSkJEvRXTf5wa3kjWf4o8YSyK3q2MqVK7vKY14PeD634zqvT7mbTib+waQx8xnqKfVYdZA2L28j0QXcx1CPqaOcU6dUV7q1lfiJG+6jDzZv3lzfKZPXXwx2ndpT4sY14RNn3Er3EM/8WeIviI90G/Y8wzVhuo00ZvJYxE+rQpsxw8wVm5R5tQ7MUnX7JLIxxhhjjDHzjXn/meFJgMEIn3DUP9pj/EUSY4wxxhizEPEbFGOMMcYYY0xj8BsUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xgW3ADltddeqxYtWpSOxhhjTDc++eST6sEHH6wOPPDA6o477qhtm8lzzz1XXX755amdm2u++OKLasmSJcU84h7x4j5xO++885JdL5xyyinJGGMWDmMdoKBwUFQlgxJDgc3VQOKJJ56oz4wxJdauXVusq5hYf957770ZdZtz7Mx4odMYywwd26mD2KlTiCyoo8l5rx3NSWbfffettm7dWl81l4MPPrh666236qvmgCwdccQR1Zdffllt2LCheumll6qnn366vmt6wf0Us5BYtL1FfT4WmJlaunRpOldUaOxefvnlNNvy1VdfVZs3b65OO+20dG9UMDP28ccf11fGmBzqyMqVK6vdd9+9tqmqb775pnrggQdSpwOoz8uWLatuu+226tJLL012dIxvv/326u23364OOOCAZGfmFsoFfXriiSfWNlV12GGHtdWrvC247LLLqhUrVlQvvPBCbTsNE0d01J988skkC3Q899xzz13czTeYLDvuuOOq9evXV1dffXVt20wokxdffHFHmzpulHdTU1PVscceW9uaflAdnu/1zJgdMEAZN60ODVq0vtrJli1bkn1rAFPbjIZVq1YVwzfGTLN58+ZUH3M2bNiQ6o/gulSXsGt1TuorM9dQRqXyK4E76cTWAKW2nWbTpk3JHnkQ0tPcm88gv6SzNUCpbZoL5UZcm4LyzjpgMLZt25b6SXl9NGY+04g9KMy+leB1MOSv1Vlje9RRR+1YqhDXsnLUWmFmbbQsBbu4jlhLx7jPDDDIPxGXqrCcAbfGLESYaVd9jDz00EPVP/7jP9ZX08tgIC5FoN4tXry42nvvvWubaajH1EXVu2h4xgwH8hIdd/bZZ6cZ2E7LZtGfvP1at25dbTOTZ599Nh3jmxfkgvLduHFjbVNGuhiDXkUXR6I8cMyXsxC3uIcBP/Klg6RNbQPucK+2AfCT53irF/U7x+gOyDfaFvl1880313d2gn+KD+ES3jhQu6Z4lFYDdGrPSCvX2AP5wzkmL4d25Uj+xfwVuOPtCXDkOl9uyDNCccRQntpTE930U46D6hn81nN5fole/Jbcyj72V3rNd9LFG2jeiuFHzAtj5i31QGWstJvtaQ1Mkn2r8attdtppFkszM2vWrEnX3OcedswCMtOH/9gx06d7cSZHdhHc8uZG7jQzrHCNWehQ10pvN1WfqSu44Tqfvade4kaz7pqZX7lyZbo2wwMdhn7Um2qM9GUO9ior3OUzttjhT047HS7Qn7hhJhiDbo66lPLHX+RF9/FP+lczyNhzjjvahSh/yBR2eoYj1zyncCV3yBl+4Ub6nzgK3OJ3DE/5p3iTT/jPPVAa5xrCjelWW4UR3doz7pMn2CEDlAdueQa/hdKo/IzlSD4of2PZAn5hr/BBdiV5wg6/CEPxUN5i12s5yl2/ekbuFF/5jX+iF7+JK2lRnPCP/FRaes134JlxyJcx46KxAxQqrhoEKQDAHjuOAnex4lLB8+eE7knxgJRPBKWRP084udIwZqFCvSl1dNVxoU5RX2JdFdRXGuFISQ+Y4UInUvkcO3JAhyt2LHET9SqU7KBb2eEvMhGJ+hU5UUcfkCH8U2ePuObywr2oj7mfyyPP5WnlOneHXUw7cc3DU4dU7tSRjJTanFFCnhGnUluFveilPSNdPEPeC9mJbuUIMY9Eqd0F+R/LnnPiFkG+SrLYrRx5ZhA9g7zEvJE89us3/uT5RZxxI72oPOiU74DfGGMWCo36zLBegWJ+/OMfp1earYqaXokKlhO04p2Oes2LuxL77LNPfdY/bAA9//zzZ8SJcNi03+m1sDELhd/97nfV//t//6++mgmb5qm7cMIJJ+yyrGiPPfYofhGp1eDXZ2YU8JECNtm2OoDVnXfeWdtOLzV55JFHRrb5+5hjjkn6mqUu0p/S68gGepWyl67da6+90j3p9meeeSYtpYngnz7OgB/I0+GHH56uxTnnnJOOPB+JH3oQr7zySn027ffJJ59cX02z22671WfTHHLIIelIGyT5jm3VXMDHZODoo49OR5Evm+6nPSstuVb6OpXjIFx88cVpeeBdd91V21Tpy16/+tWv6qvOdCvHQfUMH/hAtliKxRK25cuX13d20ovfyB3LK2O+33rrrenehx9+mI6iU74bsxBp1ACFgYfMli1bqlWrVlXXXHNNWlMb15VSaWmsWA99/fXXpy/NjIKpqakZcZLxl4jMQkdr//N9KdRTOmzXXXdd6uy++uqrqcFm7XncL8B9OiZaq869N998s7rkkkvStRktN91004zO1Zo1a3Z0nEYBX27SYAN5oIMbdTqUdG2/X1bkq3KRdvsbu0HHff/996+vyuD3G2+8kb6MdsYZZyS5jzI+Fyi9vbRJw2jPeinHfiAPr7322tSJZ8CDX0x8DGugNxs9w8DkoIMOqj777LP0SeScXv1moqaU73M9mDVm0mjsHzXS8bn//vvTIAWFePfddyd7Bid0dtiwyEzOKD9Z+Pzzz9dnO2FTnDELnd///vfVP//zP9dXO9H/GmjgwpEZezozPCOwZzP2u+++m2YVectCR6Xpn2+dL/A2gM4VoFOZYaeM4kwvaFOuZnJXrlyZ7HKw6zZRREcYnc7kE//TkW/0LenWaEfnL4dObZxlpjNZgtnufkE2u0EHG5n96KOPUhjIcf5GYi7oZWA0rPasWzn2S3yLwhshZGxYDKpnGHQwAGGC5ZZbbikO4nr1+6mnnqrPdsJALMqtMWZXGjFA6TQDo0ZUvP766+k46tkHlCSzOrni/+Mf/1ifGbNwoW6cdNJJ9dVOmNFl9jlCJ443ntGexpnlD0wyMJvIcgoPTuaODz74IHWmgKVKzK7nBlgKxrmWM5155pnpGDtXOr/ooovSsQSz0dLzdOzuueeeNPHEs0wyoedvvPHGGW0BHf33338/nfOWAvnRbLWgU8vz8gO5jH7oXPHuFQZrzJp3apuIu9KOjCPLxHEu/3xwv/32S8fSoDEyrPasUzl24ttvv63PdiW+RWFFBAOWYUG8BtEzLBNj2RxpbEcvfp911lkpf3ATYcJVdcoYU2bsAxQaIb0yjmBPY8SyAxoeKS2tOVWF58gyAJQmypPnaHzhvvvuS8eI7ukI8hOFgwLHD2ZPaGzYC8NrbOJCJ+uCCy5Ibo1ZqDDrSuNdmlVkFp2lQ3HpB3WU2e9Yd5hooFPF7KsMdSx2gMxwWFJ/IhW9BuQxbxrUmaKDqE5+NPEeR2BiiDK+6qqrUjnhJ+fYdZo0YuB6xRVX7IgD5Y9eVyeNmWjaAZbUEFcMe0Ck9zXLzpJf6WNk5vjjj0/3gVl9dPYNN9yQ4obhnEGW4qYOetynIHmLcnfvvfcmvwhDcdYbiE8//XSHP6RdnXMd2acxV5Au0ke+UK5A3LQ0jjiRrl7aM70xUjpAS8g0wOhWjsqX/O0T+5sgtrsRlS9pyfUK8Sc9aueh13IcVM/wNgydRTi4U95S9jwPvfjNHigGu+z/0X2O9DlUp3rJd1Cc8NsrOcyCoDXyHxutRi19qaKdaVXs9AWMVoenfmL6axp6jiP3+CpGS7mlr4no6xcyuBH5Pa4BP1uKcYcfYmpqasfXUIhL/MSgMQsV6mT+5Z5IrDcYzrGL8AUb6hRG7mRinTWzR18NwlAWncou0q4s0JfIAPfRmfgfv0BUgq8Z5TKhrxgJ3EgeCDe/zzX23MddKR3oaPmRxw0ZVPgyJTsR/SJcxY92g3aHZxUfTLs4jZq8PIgf8eLLXbHNivWSuMZ7MR0Y+ZHbdSrHPC95HqKdTIk8viJ/tp9yHFTP6DncSYZIK3ZKb69+IyukDXuVj+g134HweD7GwZj5zCJ+WpXAGGPmDN6q8JU9zdQLZiz5Q8F+N0cbYyYbPobDnpZhMko9Yx1mzGjxAMUYM6ewlIEPXbRTPSxbofE3xiwMqO8sa+LzvsNilHrGOsyY0dPYr3gZY+YnWldNI85aatazY2j0WR/PenljzPyGvRrsx2C/0W9+85sd/1kzLEapZ6zDjBk9foNijJlzaNTZOMvnbWHp0qVpU/Svf/3r4uZ7Y8z8ggHKZZddlj6wwAcORlHvR6lnrMOMGS0eoBhjjDHGGGMag5d4GWOMMcYYYxqDByjGGGOMMcaYxuABijHGGGOMMaYxeIBijDHGGGOMaQweoBhjjDHGGGMagwcoxhhjjDHGmMbgAYoxxhhjjDGmMXiAYowxxhhjjGkMHqAYY4wxxhhjGoMHKMYYY4wxxpjG4AGKMcYYY4wxpjF4gGKMMcYYY4xpDB6gGGOMMcYYYxqDByjGGGOMMcaYxuABijHGGGOMMaYxeIBijDHGGGOMaQweoBhjjDHGGGMagwcoI+aUU05JZtR88cUX1YMPPlh98skntU1ncHfHHXek54wxxrQHfYl+PfDAA5PenC/MVfuUQ7uzZMmSYl5y7/LLL0/3Fy1aVJ133nk9t1PjSo8xZviMdYCCIkEBlQzKCcX02muv1a5HwxNPPFGfzS3DDPe9996rrrjiiurSSy+tDjjggNq2M7g755xzqgsvvNCDFNMTyMnatWt3dByov8iemQzoDOY6tlPd79TZi3LA+ULQIfvuu2+1devW+sqMCmTuiCOOqL788stqw4YN1UsvvVQ9/fTT9V3TC+Pq1xgzTBZtb1GfjwVmppYuXZrOFRUau5dffjnNonz11VfV5s2bq9NOOy3dGyaETRgvvPBCbTM3DDNc8mr58uXVG2+8Ue255561be8wALzqqquqt956q7Yxpgwd0f3226869NBDq9dff726/fbbUyf1448/rl2YpiKdc+KJJ9Y2VXXYYYe11au8LbjsssuqFStW7KKnmDiio/7kk09Wu+++e+pQonvmWo/ONejK4447rlq/fn119dVX17ZmmCiPp6amqmOPPba2Nf0wrn6NMcNm7Eu8mMlftmxZfTUNjR2N4Kuvvpquf/GLX6TjMKFjv3Llyvpq7hh2uDfccEPyb5DBCdAI8Ox8WrZghg+N3qmnnpre0iEzdNBWrVrlGeUJ4a677trRsZZpNzjhrVi7N2PMzDIwuemmm5LuRnc89NBD1YsvvuhZW2PGzLj6NcaMBN6gjJsVK1bw6qS+mgn2pXutxnb74sWL073WAGf7li1bkv22bdu2b9iwYfvSpUu3T01Nbd+8eXM6x92aNWuSG+AZ+Y0hDqLV6drequQ77nEu/wF/W52z9AzhcY47wonuCFvuRKdwY1w5btq0qb5ThnjilviUiHkUDX5HyC/cGdMPyDZ1I4c6oDqdm24ybYaP9AT1njJrpy8AfUaZcuSZqJ9AejEH/ZG7zUH/Sg5wi96JdNN/0rXSafgR9S2QNulY3OGe5wR+8hy6Mcopx+gOYjug9HHOswL/FB/CJbxxQvqJiwxxFrldqX2CYeQztCtv3MVyEHIbDffjdYwr57InPqX0YC87pQv3yFeepkH1FnGU3JIXsZ8homznBjkT+BXlSXEk7rPt1xgzaTR6gKKGlQobQclIIeKGSokbXUup4YZzKrQamqiUCDevwDyPX1Km0X89i38oB+wJA2WBwX912IiL3OVhlMJFAeIf4UVFih/tUANQgnsxzvIv7xQAYXCvkxI2RiBTyBMyjKxGVH+4D7jlGmPGA/UbfRA7L6VOFGAvnYG7XE9hhz85uONeO9A7khfpN3Sz6Kb/sJO+5Vxyhn4V6GDs9AxHrnlO4UY9jV+4UXsRdSNu8TuGp/xTvCXb3AOlcdyQl8QzLyelSXlB2vP2CfvZ5jN0Km/8VDlEGQD8wl5+g+zy9AB2+EUYuMvTIzulCbdRBoTSiRvoVW8prxVfyRJhCIWn9lXPxPCBsGO+E2fC17X8Vl4SZq/9GmMmkcYOUKhwVNBYsQH7qCxBCkANjBRaVBKykyKBUkWm8ueKkDB5NioUnsvdlfzr1Q5FhBISKKU8zBz8aKdAeVbKVmCXhwuEy712nRZjhOoRBtmLnTpQIxplWXax7pnxQLmgAyiPvOzQl5SVwE2uL0p2ID/bgb+5Pop6vZv+I6653ude1H/cz3UYz+Vp5Tp3h11MO3Ft187IHfKcu4lpGieURyluefxwF8tzWPncrbwhz3MotdOAO+yjjHDeaxvczV3Jf9l10lukN+aN5Dami3DyPMUOd2LU/RpjJpFGfWY4fmHmxz/+cfX222+nddPsRxGsdW4pkRluTz/99HQvXze922671Wc7YXNvJx544IHqqKOOqq+m4YsiLQWX1l5HSvs+iF+/sDGQjwG0FNSONO21117pHnnQDsI6+uij66uZtJRm2jeQU/rKl+zeeeeddDSmHew/aemNqtXZSBvk2Uj93HPP1XertGka/vKXv6RjZO+9967PzLigrrN5Fn1255131rbTe4weeeSRkW3+PuaYY9IeFTbvSi9Jr/ei/5555pn0id8I/vGlJ8AP2oXDDz88XQu+VAg8H5GcRl555ZX6bNrvk08+ub6aJm9PDjnkkHTkIwGED7GtGifXX399yo+4L+jZZ5/tGr9h5XOn8h6Eiy++OLVp7KUSfNnrV7/6VX3VmW5t9aB6iz155A17P/iwBB+sydljjz2Ke/WQdzHqfo0xk0ijBih0fGS2bNmSNuFec801acCAAhArVqyY4Vbm/vvvr13MDinjyKCb0PuhlKZBv5BEXqD01HCqobrgggvS0ZjZQGeDz38CHVtBR4XO73333ZfqLOapp55KdbY0ODbjgU3usdO0Zs2a6tZbb62vhg8DWw026JjRcY06HYah/7755pv6bJpB9TYDpv3337++KoPffD2RL6OdccYZaaDSlM9uk9/kMwMVoB048sgj0/kw6JbPvZR3P+D/tddemyYQGfDg1+9+97uhDQhno7cYmBx00EHVZ599tkMnRq677ro0uNKHaJCRN998s7rkkkvStRh1v8aYSaOxf9TIWwsqJoMUFN3dd99d35mebSgpuziTOxtKsx2AkhklpfgPmiYUN3l38803p9kYGqrNmzenhsOYYUDDTaPKmxRBR4KvOn399dep0WYmnAmGxx57rHZhmgCzsNJndF55OxzfYGAAXcu5JjpWrlw5Y+ZZYIcsdAJ5Qacz+cRnzfP/WOmm/+jU5dBZVdyATmIJZrH75d13363P2oO889bpo48+SmGccMIJO94YjBt0P20Zefj444/veMvRjWHlc7fy7pf4FoW/IUAWh8WgeotBBwMQvjh6yy23FAcz9GVuu+22JE/UJWSEwVb+tnLU/RpjJo1GDFBKlVLkgwI1gnxeNzKsSozSY0AUlTEQx2HN1uQwaCCdN95444y8oFF4//3366tdIS9KnQVAcTIDyHIOZmGYiWz3WVGF2W2myJgcZOf444+vr6avaYCRO95EagYwn2E14+WDDz5InSRgqdLU1NQuBphV5lzLmc4888x0jPpR5xdddFE6lmCWWXqGDts999yzQ8/2ov94S8Fbjfxz6HRWeV5+MMMe/dC54t0rDNaYDY9+5RB3pR355i01cWzKnwrSXilfoRf9Pqx87lTenfj222/rs10hj/UWhQk3BizDgrgOordYFsgya9LYDtLM0jfkA3/xPx+cjLpfY8xE0qowY2Xr1ukN2nlUsNcmtZZCnLF5jU172LcakeSGzXitCl7f3blhL25U04azuLlPm//Y2KaNZ2xWw67VMO8IUxvhdI17wtazgmcIQ3Zyh4nuSuEqztgTR0z+XI7yp+SG/MAvjhjCxH1pE2erA5L8Kd0zBpBT5AgZQd4w1DtMRLJEXZDsIcvIXqzDZu6QTon6LOrBdlCOlF8OdpQvMoCfKutOUP7oIMWB66g/u+k/jtzDDTLH84QZdRbnuo97DOfET6Df83ThDrvoTu0FdoozcZL/+IOsc58jSPZ13QTIp3ZxIt15+8RxGPncrbxVDriJcI098lBC8cufA+6V0sN1DBuIK+HITmWHPenFUN7EW2koQTzwm/Tgl+RYeQccsZO/GOxwG+OktBNf7uMHboX8lr/Qa7/GmElkrAMUKh+Vq52holJJcwVBxaNCUglxJ0UJUgYyUga5HWgwQjicC85j3KjwMQ7RL4yUWzc70S5cFBB2uCX8eK8EccJtqfGhEcEv5VE0UcEB4UqhGVMCWZRsYpDP2GkRyBCNvDoA0VjGxoM61hjKpVRuJXAvXRmhDNG5KlP871au6JgoE5zn+q2b/uNaehl3pXTQIZMfedz61dPRL8JV/NCf6F6eVXww7eI0Tkh7qQxB8ZYRs81n6FTeeZ4rftFOpgTtcanjXXo2t2snA8SdOMY4y3TSW6RJ+aA8wA/slF65kbtoYtnwLH4QHveG3a8xZtJYxE9LuM2EwubDljJK618ja9eurVavXr3LK2peGd97773pVbZgKQAbKEf1BR+zcGAD6J/+9Kf0dZsIy3VajW915ZVXpmUixhgzCOwNYU/LMBml3mJp1z777LPL84R59tlnD/whHGPmO43dJG96Y926dWmtNIpUsH6YTwaX1s/yGcS4FhkluXXrVg9OzKzROu5DDz20ttkJMrd06VJ/atgYMzB09n/+85/XV8NhlHqL/Sfnn39+cXDDvpVly5bVV8aYnO/9S4v63EwgP/jBD9Kg46qrrqpOPfXUdM1bko0bN1Z//etfq+9///vVD3/4w/SVGb4iwuZFBjW4QzHzXwj/9m//lq6NmQ3/8z//kz79yVeA+ErU//3f/1V/8zd/k+SOjsXf//3fV8cdd1zt2hhjukObxab4Dz/8sHr00UfT57CH2V6NUm/xkQe+oPbf//3fKc7f+9730kcI+EjF7bffXv3yl7+s/vZv/7Z2bYyJeInXPIHBBl+P4VOSvDlBqfPZRH2Lnpmac889N335hPu8cUEhn3TSSV2/VGJMr/BGDtmjYachZvkhf3jnpV3GmEFAn/CHsCtWrEhf1hrF1yZHqbeYMOS/ovRHz7yRwe9f//rXI0mLMfMFD1CMMcYYY4wxjcF7UIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDlIxPPvmkevDBB6sDDzyweu2112pb0w7y6r333quvurN27dqUx8YYMynEduGOO+6obSeb5557rrr88surU045pbZpD256cSfIL3T9kiVLahtjjOmPsQ5QUPSLFi3axWhgwLHdvWHyxBNP1GfTfPPNN9XWrVvrK1Piiy++SA3WOeecUx1xxBG1bXdWr15drVmzpq9BjZl7KF91MKh3dMzyetIOyhbZUJ3l3OU9fnJ9S9lSzu3o1CmNssF5J3/mC/vuu+9EtwsMGmL7udtuu1UvvfRSfTVcvvvuu+qrr75KxhhjBmGsA5Srr7662rJlS7VixYrapqq2bdtWHXvssemcI9dAp5bGQfeGyfXXX1+fVdUBBxxQHXPMMfWVaceFF16Y8m3PPfesbXoD97/97W+rs88+229SGswVV1xRvfPOO9W1116b6t6XX35ZnX/++WkWuROU6QknnFCdddZZ1fbt25M58cQTk53Le3yQ96+88kq1fv36HebRRx9tW38p5xdffLG+msl5552XOrZvv/120s+cow/mM7QLdOgnmbvuuqs+m4a2lImHXnjhhReS6RUmrfbff//6yhhjBqDVgWgEK1eu3E50NmzYUNtMs2rVqu2bNm2qr4YP/ufZMDU1lew4ml2hPJYtW1ZfDUarg7S9NTCtr0yT2Lp16y71cMuWLalOLF26tLYpw3MlteL6NF7Qc5RhL+BOejGvo9R97Ddv3lzb7JSNUerpJqB2Ad01aajc8jpI+Y5KD5NPhGmMMYPQmD0ozKq3Or3VZZddltbGAutjFy9enGbscnBz1FFH7ViugBstM+AY95HglnMtRxCcP/DAA+lc/uTEZ/O1x8OIQycIT8soosGfuIRGr+3jEg7ZMXNKeIqH/MRoyQ7xjMs1usGbk3PPPbe+mklMZ27iDDpvzZih9dKf5sFs8aWXXlpfTcOMKGXGm5ROsAwG4nIwyp16vPfee9c20/QqK2Z2kJfoOd5aolOlG0qgt2677bZq3bp1tc1Mnn322XQ87bTT0hGQDcp348aNtU0ZdIvKF/2Vv42L8sAxX1JI3Ii/dFVp6SBpk07GHe6lkwE/eQ49GJcicozugHxDp8uvm2++ub6zE/xTfAiX8JoG+crbTzjuuONSXHMZUN5yj7yP9Y/nuUceRXopj0hsn/I4xLaOfJQ/hNFPO9qrP5LFXAaNMQ2iHqg0AmbiWg1dMsy+MItXghleoq6ZLM1srVmzJl1zX7M3+ME5bvSWJs4klmZ5on+aceIcO/yGYcahBP6QD3KnGc04s63ZasURcjue17McFX/FI6ZR8e0UN2ZO8zCF7mkmVbN2hFWCe8TJTAbMtPZSXrijbJEn5I3rXKb6lRUzONRV6jlvPcljjPRUDvYqK9xRdhHsSm9PVebtQC/hZtu2bckgR9KdQPnjL/Ki+/gnPYMd97HnHHfox/hGD5nCTs9w5JrnFK7kDjnDL9xI70Xdilv8juEp/xRv8gn/pVOVxiZCOmN+CuJLuoh7zFfSDdjxDHkR04Z9t/JQvgrccZ+y5lzgR57P+KVr+YMbzolPqR3txx/kgPSoLI0xzaNx71/VgEixlEAp5coJZRQVqBQy/omSks6VKPTy7DDjUAI3KNIIdiX/o18lO6WxmzvZdVLa8iumWxC32EABdrgvgVvyzDQf6iLlRUPfDdwiu5Q79XgYsmKGA+WnfI4dckBPxbqPG9xGSnbQrezwN9dnGpwCchJlCxnCPw1YiWsuL9zjOcH9fODFc3lauc7dYRfTTlzz8NQ2yR36MncT09QkSvoeKLdcB2OXl3Fu10t5qK0AdAB5musP7Nvls8pMce/WHvfqT1PLyBgzk8Z9Zvjv/u7vqpaiSV//uOGGG2rbmbCkoBX3dNQrezZslihtbHz99dfrs86Unv3222/TcdRxaCn64jIXlt+MEzbaAunO2WOPPYpfuaE8S/C6vV2emWbx8MMPpyUuvcofS8FaHZR0zgb5fElJv7JihgPlx2bnVqe0uvPOO2vb6eVMjzzySPpwySjgwyPoSZYESa9p6S6ygb6n7Fl2g9lrr73SPemHZ555JumLCP5pySF+IE+HH354uhZ8ZRB4PrL77rvXZzuRbgP8Pvnkk+uraXI9fsghh6Qjul/yXVqO3HRKH0rIl7vldCuPCMuyfv7zn1f333//LvqDZb6Um8odc/rpp6d7+XKxTu1oP/7ss88+9Zkxpsk0aoCCIrnmmmuqN954I613Z910uzWiNAgoSNZEsycC93PB+++/X5+NNg4oc5SuGj6UP1xwwQXp2ESuu+66NLBiHTBQnm+++WZ1ySWXpGszmVCO++23X0+dLzo2dNiQBTq7r776aup4svY9dhQsK+PlpptumjFAXLNmTXXrrbfWV8OHL0ZpsIE8MFDJO8FM+OTm448/ru/2Bp+Ij/T7lUHBgKnbV6jwm7aKr9SdccYZXfdgTBLDnDiizcS/dm057Wap7GkD+2FY/hhjmkFjBigodgYnjz32WFL8HGnI2DSvTrrgmg4PM7p03Efx6eFujDoOdAZXrVqV/Gc2iAHQ5s2bx5LWXuGtChts33333RRnZs75TO2oZmXN6KFefv755z3PDD/99NPpqDdsHJmxpy7//ve/T3ZgWRkvzEYzQAR02ZNPPjnjDQYGmCThXDp45cqVyS4Hu24TNMye01ncsmVL9dZbb6UOfYSZ9pxoxwA2h7cxsX347LPP6rOZ8MauX5DNbtBWIbMfffRRCmMhfU67l/IA8oe2jLZcE20RZKf0xqYkD50Ylj/GmGbQiAEKnSBeAWtwAhz//d//PTWizE5Fpa/XuuN8nT7qODCzzAwenTtmgZhJjF/OiWjZGcTzUcBsIeSNEGDHq38aIeLM6/5OHU4aEzpFpplocNJO7kowg53/ORt1mTeN0b5fWTHD5YMPPkgDQmCp0tTU1C4GWArGuZYznXnmmekY67/OL7roonQswey5Oo8MTu+55540q86zTLqg52+88cYZHUx0vt5Yo3eQH71xE/y3B8/LD966Rz90rnj3CnqJ/3eJfuUQd6UdGUeWiaMG6fOZbuWRw8CUASxvzuJbJg1q8+Xc/Q4qhuWPMaY5jHWAgvJHqTPrxHpfDU4EDRkNBYqQmTs1Blo/rNkYjnTg8Y+GkIaNBhjiXg913uMyAPmF3yjOXp8dZhxKsB769ttvT7OMGAZCNAYKD/TZVhp24s/9//zP/0x2zz///I6G4NNPP03HOHhR3HQE3Zf7EvoTy+iXIJ3MYinOGOIUOycROij5Om/TDJAn3mjSQaQMZehgaKkGZbpkyZJUzoKOAkuH4hIeZJbZ1rg8sV9ZMYNDGfFZVU3ykMe8adCAEL2rTn408Z50M3qIMr7qqqtSOeEn59h1mqxB3/Hnn4oD5c+AQgMf3qahDw466KAUVwy64eKLL073OeIemUS2kBVk5vjjj0/3gU4wbQWdVOKG4ZxBluImnRj3m0jeotzde++9yS/CUJzRqYB+lD+kXe2Sjk38o98f/ehH6Ui+k07iypE2i7oZ057nh9ypfYNeykPtiAYJTECSp3FPGm08bTsDSyYxpGPIf02M9NKO9uPPfffdl47GmIazfYy0GrX0VQ2Z+BUViPeiG77womc5tjpE6assLYWZvtChr4fI4KZkB/jFV0z6fXaYcSiBH63BWfIvPoPBH6Gv1CjcqanpL8tgH+MYn83t+o0b/sc4CH1JBRP9KvmHW+yJr2kW+vpNO4NcAUfKmq/3RChT6pTcc56Xcz+yYmYHekl5S1mgJ3qhXVlQ7nyRifvoHfyXTLQDfZTLBDIQwY3kgXDz+1xjz33cldKB7MqPPG7IoMKXKdmJ6BfhKn7oPvQ9zyo+mHZxagoqM/IEFG+ZfvOnU3nEfMGQZ3kbozaE8lHbiT3xVJnlz+BvyQ769ccY02wW8dOqsKZhMIO4evXqXd4qMRvFrBBLv8YFM+K/+c1v0jryCPZ8IUWzr4LZRv4kjhk4wSwuS3zGmQ4zPvqRFWOMMcYsLBr3mWEzvf/knXfe2WVwAsuXLx/7p4ZZLrF06dIZ63t5Zc+/FecdTuD1+7Jly+qr6SUDDz30kL+uskDpR1aMMcYYs/D43r+0qM9NQ6Djv3Hjxuqvf/1r9f3vf7/64Q9/mL4Sw1dlePOwbt266gc/+EHtejywjpj1x/zvwN/+7d+mvQqPP/549d///d8pbt/73vfSemPW/bKX5pe//GVyB7fcckv6zKzWn5uFRT+yYowxxpiFh5d4NRQGIrxl0PfomVU+99xz0+bE0puVcUE8TzrppPRWh4HVI488kj5ZCrxlYaPrr3/96x1vfaJ7s3DpRVaMMcYYszDxAMUYY4wxxhjTGLwHxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGOY9wOUTz75pHrwwQerAw88sLrjjjtq27nnvffeq9auXVstWbKkthkc0oN/vUK45IMxxpj+aUo7YsbLc889V5133nnVKaecUtsYY0ZFIwYoVPqjjjqqWrRoUerAX3755dUXX3yROtbDYN999622bt1aX40P4vDVV1/VV/1DnqAYzznnnOqII46obbuzevXqas2aNX0NaozJUZ2kjlJXkUXL1ORAx5pyk6EcKdN2UL7tOmJRDjjv5M98oSntyFwS5UVGA7TXXnuteL9JPPHEE/XZcNhtt92qt99+u74yxoySsQ9QGJycfvrp1c9//vNq+/bt1Zdfflkdf/zx1UEHHVS98847tavBOeCAA5JSGTcMKI488sj6ajAuvPDC6vrrr6/23HPP2qY3cP/b3/62Ovvss/0mxQzM3XffXe23337VH/7wh2r9+vXVm2++mWTKNB/q/SuvvJLKTebRRx9tq0t4W/Diiy/WVzNhBvmll15KHbVt27alc3TTfKYp7chcQ5u8adOmdL5s2bJU3ldffXW6PvbYY9P9lStXpmtkiusmQXs5TEgzb9GMMaNn7AOUe++9t1qxYkV16aWX1jbTDeCrr75aXxlgJohZShTkINARueSSS9LbKWP6hQ7uqaeemuopMkgnZdWqVQtuRnlSueuuu1IHknKTOe200+q7M+GtWLs3Y+ihJ598srrppptSpx298tBDD6XBzLBnq00z2GeffdKRsi4NaDXxdswxx6RjU6Cts34yZnJpxBKvjz/+eJclArxxOPHEE+urnWgdMK+S260HpjPFIAc3LEO4+eab6zs7icvKMLjvtkyBRlv+Yng+b8hppLX0gfvtBgTEG3cY4tINZoLOPffc+mom8kvxkslnehgI0pHwshzTL3RG88ExyxU1expBvlgalMsjxp3YuQd9+MADD6S3Xegjlua0Ax142223VevWrattZvLss8+mYxzcoKsXL15cbdy4sbYpw1IwyQHygS6PoAejbs9lhbgRf+m60hJD0lZaLizwk+fQmVFOOeb6v5d2pFd93zRIm9pS8kxL9jClNnVYzFUZkh5kHriHgfisyo4yFr30L4wxc8T2MTM1NcU74e2tBm77pk2batsya9as2b5s2bLtW7duTdcbNmxIz65atSpdw7Zt27YvXbo02XGOW57B3fr165Mb7OK14oD/ncDfVodsh79c47fYsmVLSkeMX2tQkM6B8AgHe9zgD/fxpxObN29OzxHPHOJMmIQNpFthlOBezC9j+gVZQ4aQXWQ4glwjj5Ix1QmMGQ/oDelO6j+mna7DXroEd1F/AXZR5wncca8d0oXICwb5kP4FdL90u+7jn3QedtzHnnPJWdSd6Ens9AxHrnlO4UqXosfxCzdRLwvcdmtHuun7JkPcKWvlBflP3iiNsS0mj7Brlzbln/K9HeTjXJah7ET+LG7JA6VLdSSWJ24JI4L7SSlnYyaZsQ9QAGUpxYiyKg1UUBrcR8FEUDTYq1FFmeQdfiml2LDEZ4DwuykdFGVUgFLwAkWZhx3TIoWJohS5Ei0hNzG+AvtcgWLXLi3Ej7QaMwjIOPKFyesDSFbVyIPs1Okw44NyQTdQHnnZoScpK4GbXI+U7EB+tgN/cz0VdSOyFGUGHYl/6Hcgrrlu5R7PCe6jkyPqZMa0cp27wy6mvZd2pJu+bzqqy7FNJd/J05iuWOc7mW71e67LkHPscrDLZbHX/gUg66U6YIwZLo1Y4sUSgbfeemvHZrzzzz8/vV6Nr36ffvrpdDz44IPTUfzsZz9LR23o5LXtySefnM5FvrmR8FppT0e98u3lyxxs4GcNPq+gee1866231nemOeSQQ9IR/7SMIr4+FqV1vPnyggibW4H45rSUe3pdn8OSnBLkq79CYgZFG2Opq0uWLKkuu+yyGUsUd99993T8y1/+ko6Rvffeuz4z4wK98MILL6QNz3feeWdtO73k55FHHtmxAXrYsD8BXYvelL6SbkRXslyw1TndsRxnr732Svekq5555pmkuyL4h04G/Gh1MqvDDz88XQu+eAg8H5GcRqRnoZd2pFd933RiumibSDd5mdPqlKe6n5vWQKB20Zm5LsNO7L///vXZNL32L4wxc0cjBigC5c5+FDo/KK0TTjhhl873d999V59NkzcaNHS58imBMkRZsqaa/R0o324QFxqjq666Kn1pLFfMKPc33ngj7Z0544wzktt8fW07Pvzww/qsP+6///6kPNVAovDhggsuSEdjRgF1la83AR1bQWeCzu99992XBt2Yp556KtWvdoNmM/ewyT12QtesWbPLhMswYWCrwQYDkXxfAZQ6v7QH/fDNN9/UZ9OUJoN6oZd2ZDb6vsnM9muTs2VYZTgI3foXxpi5Y+wDFDaz5dD54ROYNBKa2RCff/55fTaTOJvy7rvv1mdl6Mwfd9xxadMjHfpevoxFY0rHi04Wb3vazZShTJmF/Oijj6o99tijOMgaJsRj1apVKS3MPDLY2rx5c09pMmY2UBcYePAmRSD/fNXp66+/Tp8KZyacDa+PPfZY7cI0ATpevH0F9CFf5opvMDDA5AfnmgBZuXJlcTYZu26TPMgLEypbtmxJOpQOfaT0sZBox2etc9Ctiht89tln9dlM0MX90q0dgbnW93NBPkAYJnNdhv3SS//CGDM3jH2Awn+dlGad9KpVikGNH58ljnz77bfpeNJJJ6UjjSwzu52WTL3++uvp2G6QUYI3HAyYOr2ZQMlK0dJwMfgpDbL6RV8zi0pc8JURZvpYtqEZx3afDwXyhTwyZhggT7xNFFzTSUMeeQuKTNIpnctZUNOdDz74oLr22mvTOUuVpqamdjHApAznWs505plnpmPURTq/6KKL0rEEX0eSTmap6j333JPeqPAskykMlm688cYZepuO6/vvv5/O0YHo0vyrSnw+meflB19uin7oXPHulV7aEeKutA9T348bBqtMeg2buS7Dfui1f2GMmUNaHYix0lIMaZMcmwu1eZwNa2zkxj5uKGdjG1HWZjm5i5vltJERe+4D97HjeTa7adOdNjRybDVI6Rnu6bkIz8kPaDXaOzaGEiYGO/zgKDfc17U23OkaFLd8c15E/pTcKP84YgiDzYFKWw7+KA3G9Aqyh3ypnmKQo1yWJKvUA8kkMo5MluqVGT3oB8pA+Y+OizqzHZQj5ZeDHeWLDEgHl9xFKH90k+LAddTv0smKKwadrPscuSf9xfOEGfUc57qPewznxE9Ij8f44g676A55l53iTJzkP/4g69yXPpfs67rpxLqal4uuQfkayyOido1nOzHXZSiZIp08Q5r0bCkthMM9ngPc41+sKzzDs+3ywhgzPMY+QKHyU9FRVlR6FARKDGURlaSQApWSkTKJ0LjIL5QYbrjmWfwkPOx1Hzvigb9RWeaogcIvlJ4aMSkw7OSv3Mm/aI+Rcs7t2qH45+A/95QnnfyTcp6UBtQ0B2QHOZNsIbulukLdolHHyK0MMupGfe6R3sJQLp10XAT3lHMOZajOHGUqHd4JdHCUCc6RqYj0tMLN73MtnRl1ayTq/jxu6pBHU7IT3dqRTvp+ElDaGWCo/cjzXWmLRu1KKe8wnZjLMuQZ5Aw/CKeduwhpU14Qh7x/kT+Pn8aY0bCIn1ZFMw2H5QO/+c1v0trtCHt4Vq9evcsSGtZu87qapTaCZRZ8CSXaGTNMWK75pz/9KX3tLsJynVZHo7ryyivTUg5jzHhheRp7MVudbNdJY0zjaNRXvEx72C+zdOnSGZtGWcvLHp7S+v7ly5fP+GoS63jZvMx+AGNGATLG/pNDDz20ttkJsoj8+lPDxhhjjOmGBygTxG9/+9v0VkQfFeBrK3w9h7cozIbRQeQeg5gbbrihWrduXXIHd999dxqgxEGLMcNEX//hM9y88UMWkUlkk8E0/29g+TOmGehjMX/+85/T0RhjmoSXeE0gLNXiqyJ09jhn4KH/GFi2bFl17rnnVhdffPGONyvRvTGjhEEJ8qYvGi1evDj98ZuXdhnTHPjEc/xc9IoVK7z01xjTKDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGL/EyxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1AyPvnkk+qOO+6oDjzwwOq1116rbecH7733XnX55ZdXS5YsqW0miy+++KJ64oknqlNOOSWV0Wwo5YX8P+qoo2btvzFm/kC78OCDD6Z2Yb7pBvSedOGiRYuq8847r1q7dm265h6Mu10kTOI239rkuWaU5RjbZ0w7aHslXzEOxCvKXCe6hWHmB2MdoCBgKJ1ootDl9zCjVlDfffdd9emnn1Zbt26tbeYPpO2tt96qvvrqq9pm8thtt92qF198sb6aHV9++eUueYH/b7/9dn01GLlcz0aRIu90Hjp1imgUaHAUFo3QbFAj06mucS+mETNI3eQZBoTyg7SW4k+jRccJNzRidBZNfyBDymflY6fOADLQTnbVwcAfznvpVEw6++6777xsFyjjI444IunDDRs2VC+99FL15JNP1ndnUko/9XWQut8JdJCZZhR5MSo5Pvroo7u2zz/60Y/Ssdd+iGVh4TLWAcoLL7wwo6Jwjp3Yvn17UpiwcuXKatu2bdWxxx6brkcFivof//Ef66v5BXl38skn11eTx5577lmddtpp9dXsoJyPPPLI+mqaYfj/3HPPVXvssUe1fv36GWYQaPS//fbb6oEHHqhtdoWOOp36jRs3pvpywAEHVMuWLRu4w0j8P/vss66NzM033zwjfdTTfusmM2lnnHFGkkn8WLFiRUor1zH+nC9fvjx1iNEBr776anXdddd1HLSZmdCJfOWVV2aU2aOPPppkvgRy1U4GGCjSiWUgT3lwfuGFF9Z35yfUKyYv5hvoGMrx0EMPTdeXXnppGqh8/PHH6Sj5IP3HHHNMOs+566676rPhQIcUHRRBt6DfRt3+N41SXsyGTuU4W5AV/O8Gbnbffff6aidXX331DJkT119/fX22E/qJsa9o5imtSj92iEa7qExNTaV7rQa1thk9CpPjfIN8bEixD8yw5KFdXszG/1Yne3ur01ZfDYd28WkN6NO9NWvW1DbTLF68ePuqVavqq/7pJv+bNm3a3hqQ1FeDQ5ryvFq5cmUKmzAEacEuuiV87MgD0x3ycMuWLfVVZ3CnPEeeI5QL9ps3b65tpt3nZTYfGUdbNGr6aetKbiUPvTzfC8gS+ms+5fGgjCov+inzQcDvXG/kkKZe4iA9ZBYmE7sHhZneuDSEWT3NunJkBlB7CXCrJTAsRwBmjuKymHYzzrjHTVxWwrMKNy6BKNkxA8I18eAcf4irwF5LJaIhboK4MUuuezGtzIxquQV2hMV5t1fucquwSu5j3MhLZryF4qT7+BFfxeIf9wkjxh930Z8S3FfZcCTsErhTGjjmxHLP4zcK8J9ZZ+JCmcx2qVU3Xn755XQ89dRT01HwBqLTW5fZwowWbzCQw9nkKTNm+WzZlVdemY7ffPNNOgJh8HYluv3JT36Sjk8//XQ6DkqUzdxgPx9ADpGHs88+O6Wpk24gP2677bZq3bp1tc1Mnn322XSMbxp5G9nqSKW3eJ2QLsVQR/Jlet3qa65z8CPXJaRN7QLucM9zAj95Dt2W64/oDsg3ZFx+8dYwB/+ijpwkmSHOxx13XDrnyDX5R76oTekE5XX++een8/h8zGPlj9o8/FaeKs9UhuT3CSeckJb+XHPNNek+fmCPrCATuex2K2/uY6fy5Ry3+JXLTq8Qpyin5EMkyg2G8xgW92P+qp3FSObb5UVMD34SPkZp7hZ2P/Bcu7IShKu0KLwSsZyI71NPPVXfmQZ/c5njWu2Y4gDkt/IA8Fv3MbKHkh1hcY094RFOZJLr9LyjHqiMFaLRLioa7cdZBM0cy05uNJPMfc2wMpLXKF12jMo1A6xn44yw7JjNZYaI2cJly5YlO80cMpu7dOnSGTMFuR3XuJdfhEEcdZ9zZkg0s6nZghgX/CDsGF+ekR88q1ln8kNxjTOcEc1cEDZuSB/+YeJsNHHBED72+IkbrnWftHIPO8VB94kn93kOt4QV86IThKP4K70R+aEZW/kbZ3A5J2zFT3mLf0J5kYNdlLdeIUzlC34Q7xinQWkXH2SAe8pzoXTFtPYDz7V7nvzEf4WN4TyPw6AobMmirvO3RKCwZwMygiH+GM7xV3VyPkAekn9KW7v8BOyV9lL+Yoc/OZKHdqC/JCcY6kmU6W71VWWDPee4o35R1wR6ADs9w5FrnlO4UQfhF25UX3K9i98xPOWf4q0Zbsmq0jhJkP6Yz8C59Hmkndtol+cxeYJMKV/IU+yVp2ojIjwbZYN8VhnFsLuVt+wUBmXJMzF+/YIf+CU5ldxLBjgSB8kS17jHTvWKo/KXvEH2FU/cRfK8iOnBnnAUn17CBvzI87JEL2XFfYWPO/IHv2M9IGzsFC/CJU4xDhyVJxGVuyAM3BKXGAZ5iLs8frjHLUcgLlwrXOLEc8pj7hM30gPcn7Q6PZ9o36LMIQhINxMrqQQ+VjoEMwoSApg/B+3sSs9KiAEBR3ARbsEzufCW7PCLiptTss/jQgXJ3aDUcKf0qxKrUnVCbiNKr8JRJY5IqUvJoEwwQvdjnpGOXGGU8icnT0veyed+3sHCLpZrVDJA+eEmxrmUF5D7NQjkA3mIX1FOB6FdfMjHUvyVrlgW/SB56PY8eSpZjPk6G4h7LFvFpZR+7LvJUifkd5SvTuHNB6gTkhvVZUEdjuku5W+7PG8niwJ/cz0W871bfSWuuU7iHs8J7ud6gefytHLdTX8Q13Y6UO6QldxNrquajuSdY4Q0Yh8puW33PHZ5eQPlFctC+iPCdSwLKIXTa3kjm4O0Qznqd0Q5VXjS8aQ5D0vPldoedZyhlOdc53lBvHO5g17DbldmOd3KSoOCUr2NeUtcc1mQXzEOpfSX7KBUfqV8IY6xTpIPeR0lz6RHiM+k1+n5RKOWeLXis4tpCUx9dycsKeAeR71Onu2Xl7rB8hJeX7YqY23TH/vvv399tpNWpUivZHPiRrNnnnkmvebUq0rMrbfemu59+OGH6Sh62aBWgo2HrUq5Iy4sUyKdMczTTz893dMrXvIdo9fVP/3pT5N9Tr6EB7ptwG4pkbRMSa+7S6+NS5vstCyIV768GidNiv9ee+2V7o1aTgR5yuZhyjhfyjJfoGxvueWWqtXYpK/+lGS5H1guwEbu1atX1zajRV+TKW1C3W+//eqz+QU6gs2lrUa5uvPOO2vb6aUhjzzySFp2NwrYmEt9ZrmE5ET1upf6ih5kaUgE/9hUC/iBzjr88MPTtTjnnHPSkecjJf2B7An8zj8okm+SP+SQQ9KR9ofwod0Sl4VIqc2jvNiIT34hC2rL+qXf8h6kHcqR+9jOkhb1RYC2mmVBEe5R30pfRivFS7LUibwuQL9hd6NbWbHckzob8yNPD/0Fyun444+vbaYp1b/ZwtJjwlK/AYhjrJPkA8sSpWcw6Bj0D3rJdbpZTOweFISHSooAIpit0XN9Z3SUFO5suP/++5PSU0VQxbrgggvSUaxfv37GoE1mmBUnV3jkZylM4gxae4ryozPHF4GGBfnAem/KlXjla3zb8c4779Rn05Tiz9dp5goU96pVq2bdcW86GlD85S9/ScdBefjhh6vHHnus2GiPAhpvyud3v/vdjjJ6/PHH06DypJNOStfzlZtuuik15oJB5qCdxV5gwK7BBp0aOjxaNy+GUV/j3iUYVJbosHTT9/j9xhtvVCeeeGL6Gh2dmnyNvpkJ9Yx8uuqqq1KnlbZtNgyrvIeJBs2RuYrXMMPuVlZff/11caAU4a8NYJ999knHUaKJVn31i35V/qVOYNK7pGtor12nm8VEDlAQPDbl0YmlMztXnx5EGdJ5GRYMMOggkQ5G8lSszZs375KefEMZ0LhrYDMM8I/P4woGTnkHAjRY4LOivCH46KOP0izLsD/BSd7QObnkkkvS25teBymR0jOD+DMbmCmK+TpMzjrrrHTM5UAzwXNVL9QA6o3EIPCW6eKLL96lMSUN1Lk4uw1KMw3JbGAzOINsZsupgzTKfMZ4rjoU44L6Kl1GXjKzGN9gYAA9wLnym7ebpZln7LpNEtEBYIJjy5Yt6f+YaPwj3errm2++WZ/thPKK8t/uk6yD1MF33323PmsPcsJbJ/QgYbCxWYNdMxPaE+oackD5D2OCbZjl3SulDmuctY8D/8gw+w7tGFbYvZZVqU6W+OCDD+qz0UJfijxAbzDZpDdqkeeff74+20nUM67TzWEiByivv/56Og7zDUIv0IjnYead+FKnvh18lYNZOpZcMIKnQ57/DwedUGYeowKEu+++e8fryNlC5SOMM888M12ro3HDDTeko4iVmA7JueeeO5KOHPkiUBTE5957761tuqNO7Y033jijPEjn+++/X1/NDXRy9GWqYaNZftUHIL00Ggx85woabMpIyxz6hcEJDUk7WaLOkaZYlkpzqQHqBwbalA91jzpIXRw0HZMEHYZrr702naNHmFXMDdBJ4Vy6RjoiDgp0ftFFF6VjCcpY5Uf+3nPPPUnn8Gwv9ZWBKG81om4A/oOD5+UHy1yiHzpXvHuFwRoTMNGvHOKutCO76GjiONsvy80l/M/SXMGSZPInXyEwCMMu717Q/4fwVa0Isq36wQBech0hXqPurwwz7F7KisELbvLwInvvvXc65kvuRgXplC4B4hghj5CZfJD5xz/+MR3nQ52eV7Qa5bHSGu2mTVAYbTSLaBNaS7B2bCiTnTYvcWw1KGmzE/fwEzvcxE10pQ1j2tTFs/K/1SAnOzZ24Rf2nEc3gB3uCJMNlISFm1YFSX7gVmESv/gstDp1yS1HDPFiU1jclMUzPIsfuOG+joLnFI9u8Jzc4jfpI86kJSI/CZtnuE+4gngrP/Aj5oX85lncxXTzDO6iXQ7PKA/wW3EA5WeMC35hh9+COGCHX5QLJi8DpTHKXUlGeoHnCEtpxxBmLEtATnAX498J0p+nN0K+4B/hEyblwHVMp8pcedgN1Z2Se/KFuCjPkHPsYniAG+JBetuh+JJPhBUNz8tPjvglGSVMrkvx6xfSiVwQHoYw8Jcw5gvkFXmMLAEyynU32skddrHuc15yFyFPkRPFgesop93qq2QANyojwoz1S3LLfdxjOI96QfU7xhd32EV32hCPneJMnOQ//iAj3JescOT+JMmOdCD5H5G96jmojKJb5SflQT6Sdtnl+lb25B/glnLAjvyWrqCcVT6yK4XdS3ljRzyirAFueDba9YLiy5E0E57SA6SRsKLcEGfsdA3K3ygrkq+oM/O8UHpwF8sGeg27lJc5vZQVfuI3RunAHjexXsR6Q/wx8os4KG6dZA6/sMet8iCXL0G56JkcpQtDfHCLP3LLMcadYzu/zOgZ6wBFQhqNKiPk9zAIShRwjggtlYCKgtKSgMrgJrfDSPiiEVQMKTH8xf+8MhCu3BCG4oXg43cn/4G4Snnm7oivIBxVXtzGe8qH0nMliCNpkZLjWFJUcqe4SbkI4s49jJQM58qHGCdMKS+wK0GeKlyOxAPa+ZHbCeKldBKvqPhK+datvDqhstdzlFcpfVLgUSm2o53M5uBO+UW4lEVE5YjpRp4vmIjKHXvSQNhRLgRlyH38a4fqTsmozAVlp7i1k9lBQK7bxaNb+UwK5KXSRFopw17Afan8KG/yjfuqnyUZiER9qnjE+gid6ivkMlBKB/VLfuRxK9Xvkp2IfhGu4ofMU8d4VvHBtItTU1G8o4GYJgzpzHURboRkgbzulJ8gWSSvcCt9iL0gD7EjDMouD5tr0am8IT6HKcUPu14pyX5OlFNMrpPz/CU9JTvI8yK6weRx7xZ2p3LM6aWs8jqJG/KFPIr1l3Cxxx338EO6iHTl6Ve6uIc7nlXdiu4wOfKvHfgtXaQ4C+7FuHB/kur0fGMRP62CMGOATeZsMM6XtrCUiiVNLDcx8xOWqrQU4ZwuJ+L1d75UcNSMI8xeYekDSyX5ElkEezbsw6i+amWMMcaY9kzsV7wmHTqofHWqtO5++fLlu6ydNPMHOsCffvrpnA5OWHNb+qLJKGFt9qj23wwD9p+UPndJnTzssMPm7aeGjTHGmKbzvX9pUZ+bOYS3JBs3bqz++te/Vt///verH/7wh+mrEWyqpmPH14V+8IMf1K7NfIGBAptv6bjPVfkia59//nn62tpcgQwfeuihaTNrU/nXf/3X6j/+4z/Sl1r+93//Nw1I2CDJBnw2m/7TP/1T7dIYY4wxc4mXeI0ROnEPPfRQ6gzBsmXL0pexSp9bNcYMFy3x4ut8W+vPc7Lsjq9RjfqLO8YYY4xpjwcoxhhjjDHGmMbgPSjGGGOMMcaYxuABijHGGGOMMaYxeIBijDHGGGOMaQweoBhjjDHGGGMagwcoxhhjjDHGmMbgAYoxxhhjjDGmMXiAYowxxhhjjGkMHqAYY4wxxhhjGoMHKMYYY4wxxpjG4AGKMcYYY4wxpjF4gGKMMcYYY4xpDB6gGGOMMcYYYxqDByjGGGOMMcaYxuABijHGGGOMMaYxeIBijDHGGGOMaQweoBhjjDHGGGMagwcoxhhjjDHGmMawIAcozz33XHX55ZdXp5xySm1jeuGLL76onnjiiZRvd9xxR207GJ988kny48ADD6xee+21ZCf/jzrqqFn7b4wxwwJ99eCDDyZ9tRB003vvvVedd9551aJFi6olS5ZUa9euTXo/tpklHT6XEDZxo90wvTHKMov9g059K2QLeaLsYhz6Kc9uYZj5wVgHKAgYCrBkEFQU5CgU32677Va99NJL9ZXpB/LuxRdfrK9mz9atW+uzafD/7bffrq8mh1yWZ6M8peQ7yT5uaGQUFg3PoNAgqPPVCeIT04gZpH4qLJ6nntMwlRol7GIniefM4JDPsey6dQaQq3ZyrA4G/nDeS6di0tl333130VfzEXTJCSecUF133XXVtm3bqlWrVlW33npr9fHHH9cuZlLKE/TTMCFOo+gLTALDzksYlRwfffTRXfsHP/rRj9Lxq6++SsdujCL9ZjIY6wDlhRdemFFRtm/fngxK8f7770+DiOOOOy698Rgmxx57bNfOmNmVPffcszrttNPqq9lxwAEHVMccc0x9Nc0w/Z9LkM899tijWr9+/QwzCPj12WefdVTydNR5A7hx48ZUX8jLZcuWDdRJ5Jk33nijevXVV7s2WjfffPOM9G3YsCHVpX4g7nfeeWd1ySWXJD/o5F5zzTXVFVdcUbuYhngtX7483UcfED86THSyTf/QwXvllVdmlN+jjz6a6lwJyqmdDDJoRDczkUDZcH7hhRfWd+cn1DEmTxYCTz/9dOo8HnHEEUk+brnllqRnGKDQZouSDhfXX399fTYc7rrrrvpsJ1dffXX15ZdftpXh+QCdc9qDYdGpzGYL5YD/3cDN7rvvXl/tpF15lmQJOYyyaOYpLcUzdlqdq+2lqGzZsiXZL126tLYZHitWrEjG9A9l0urg1FeDMzU1lfziGBmW/3MFctTqqNVXs6ddvkBrEJHurVmzpraZZvHixdtXrVpVX/UP+Y2/7di0adP21oCkvhqcPN7kG/WbsEmbIC3YxXwl/Nyd6Q3yE33aC7hT/uc6EjnAfvPmzbXNTj3NvfmM6uUk6aZB6KYLIiVdJdkZFpK5kj6cz1Cv0OvDlrdSmQ0T/O7Wt5KMdYvDsGXJTBaN2IPSbgaEGRzQzG5cYhKXHpTsmIHlGntmYTkvvSLGHbPRuOOtSqelMrhlZlF7JJjt1lIVljkAYciOMHlGxHW9GPzBTjBbwjP4jb3in/sD8X5u4itR4qv4cOxlBrrXvMvjmBPv44/yaD5BXjPTTDpJ32yWWvXCyy+/nI6nnnpqOoqTTz65euCBB+qr4cMsFm8wkN/ZvHJnNjZC3edtCnz33XfpCITRauRm6Iaf/OQn6cgMr4j1NzfYm+m3J8jG2WefnfKk01IZ8vO2226r1q1bV9vM5Nlnn03H+KYTPd3qSKU3ep2gfqhsqC/opkjUpxxzOVNZo0vkR9SfQNrQq9zHHe6j7sRPnutFx5JvcYkhbxBz8E/xIdxJljnyjnTwRhM4xwBlQ9rIp05QxtJDep58VTtEGJIDlT9+q8ww5LnKgnvnn39+Omc1Bffxg7LDH/I+p1ub148MlOC56D9xjES5wXAe5ZT7Me74xzlGMo8bltnxJovywB/ckXaVA34SPkbx7hZ2P/Bc9CvvrwDhKi0Kr0Ssl8T3qaeequ9Mg795eXKdyxLksii5lZE9lOwIi2vsCY9wIvOpTk889UBlrDDaLkVFs8XMIgjNuMYReslu5cqVO2Zr8Ye3NHG0jlvsmJXledx0m4XGjWZxeV7+yY5nNcusWQpdA3EkXgqPa+IA2DEryTO4wS/80ExD9CePq2ZaYj4B6cd/3EOMZye65Z3iqBlTxTvOoBIn0pfnUZwNUh5FvyF312RIM/lJWok3ZTDbmeR2+QKqK8hLpNcZqXbo+RLIAPcVNobzPA6Dgt/kn1D687ctoLAFsokhLhjOcYP8mWnIT+kClV8pbwF75V2e14Ad/uRINtpB/ZfMYKgzsY5TZ/AXWdN9/JM8q2yx51w6MMoNegg7PcORa55TuL3qWNzidwxP+ad4S+9yD5TGSUf5IUg/+UR+5OnDPpYT5M9Lf2BHflIG+IMd92Keyr8on6UwOKcMYzggOY9lonChHxkogfsop5J7hccRmZA/XOMeO9Urjoo78UX2iQP5i7sIbpQ3IHf4iT3hKD69hA34gb8cO0E4xFPyr3Aj3Ff4uCN/8DvKCWFjp3gRLnGKceBYKk+Vi2gni+Qh7vL44R63HIG4cK1wiRPPKY+5T9xID3A/l3kzd8yUhjGhSh5BUBA27PMOH+5zocntOI/PIXASSuB+Lsy5HyXwIwq0aGcX/YvKA1BOebq5jsoZcr9VaVWJQHZKI/e4RhlHpASiwsrplnc83y2OhJOXG/lNHgjlZfQbcr8mBdKB8uuWv91oly9A2XAvJy//ftHz3UDRS24p42FAmqKcKv0lGcBedUruopx1etZM12XJUNRFQBnEfIt5LUp2ID/bgb/qJIpYbrFTAMgZ/knGiCt1K8K9qE+4n+sldUBiWrnupr+Iax6eOrZyh6zlbnKdN4mQPtKZQxnnZa/6xlGUni/VVUBPYh/1Je1EDKcUBuTh9NPmcd1NBnIU1yinki/5rQFMRM9Ffam4q+MMpXzjOo8TeZPLHfQadrv8zOnWX6EsuS7V21h+xDWv+/IrxqGU/pIdlGSxlC/EMcoc+ZDLYOyXEJ/5WKcnlUZ9Zliv4zA//vGP0ybMloC2fW3YibPOOiu9muO1KK8h2ZiVb+gtLS3r5RXvoLAB7NJLL93xmpYvo5QobSBjg6vQ/b/85S/pGNl7773TUctgDj744HQUP/vZz9Kx0ybsXvKuFMdvvvmmPquqJ598Mr2aj2VKefLKmtfQ8xHyiA3DLWW3y/KV+QJ1hmVarQYmlfFsy5K6gHwN8nEEfQ2mtIl0v/32q89MhLxmc2mrUU4fKxCU4yOPPJI2qo4CNuaydAK9IpmRXkcG0AutjsEOXbHXXnule/qi3zPPPJOWhkTwD50K+NHqKFWHH354uhbnnHNOOvJ8pJuOxW+WTUbyTfKHHHJIOrJchPBhkLZqIbHPPvvUZ9OwPLDVD0lH8py8HPQrjv22ed1kIEfPU4cE7bniDyxJYllQhHvUN/RlTqkPIlnqRF4XoN+wu9Gtv8JyT+pszI88PSynol4ef/zxtc00pbyfLSxDJizkSBDHWCe79Utcp5tFowYoVHSZ1sg/fd6Q9ZdUun4HDlSsP/zhD0nhHHTQQamz3QuDKsdeoAIg+FdddVWqsAy+BoFGF6Vz3333pXzBsKZzxYoVM5QFxHX90MuXaAbNu3feeac+m2ZqampGmcrkcZxPkDbkdrYd96azevXqdCwNknsFuX399dfTF/sGgcaXvP7d7363I78ff/zxNEA86aST0rUpc9NNN834ahsDznYTJsOAwbt0K50aOjy5Ti/pinaftm1HnCSBUgewF+iw7L///vVVGfzmC3gnnnhidcYZZyTdnq/RN92hI0iHm84knUzasdkwSJs3TDRojgwqh/0yzLC79Ve+/vrr4kAporLIB6ajAB2DbtFXv5CrI488Mp1HOvVLXKebRaMGKBE6H3Rc6IDQsN199931nd5BYJkt5HOat99++y6boeYSGmMGFVSCt956a1ajcirRQw89lBQEAwhmGxnEPfbYY7WLnXz++ef12Uy6zWAMI++ef/75+mwn+YbC+Qh5y2eHRwFvtyCfZdPMH+U2F6jR01uMfqE+MONZmrEnDQwy8tlMpZnGQ7CZm3rFbDezYTSqfJJ4rjoEkwqdNvIYyFdmFuMbDAwwa8y58n7lypXFt6/YdetYovvQ6Uw+oQNp/CMl3RDt3nzzzfpsJ5R3rAvtPsk6SH18991367P2IGfI8EcffZTCYGPzfJ+cGCaUHZvf+QABM9/D0F+Dtnm9Uuqwxln7OPCPqL6NkmGF3Wt/pVQnS3zwwQf12WhBjsgD9AaTVXqDGunWL3Gdbg6NGKDkM2mRdhUrfya/jrP+LB+59tprRzpD2I0PP/wwzcpdcMEFtc3gkFYqDQMIZkwY/dPwx06ZOgv33ntvOopvv/02HTvNMA8j7+jI8Mo5V+Z//OMf67P5Cx2bK6+8sr4aLio33jwI5IGGgsH8XEG5ImNa2tAPxJfBCW/q2kGDSJpivVaaY6PD/2+Q18y0Uw+oE4PEaaFBh4F6DSxrYFYxN0AnhXMtfTjzzDPTMQ4KdH7RRRelYwmWPKosKZ977rknTTzxrAakN95444zyplPw/vvvp3MGpejP/G0u/4/B8/IDnRP90Lni3SsM1liuGf3KIe5KO7qXTipxjF+Zm0Tyt1CjRHV6GMtoZtPm9YL+P0RfORPItuoH7Z7kOoIcjXqp0DDD7qW/wuAFN3l4ES05z5dYjgrSKV0CxDHSrV8yX+v0xNJq1MdKa7SbNkHlUcFeG6RaAjdjI1arI5bs2cDFhjg2XLUa0uSu1ZimjVotZZWe5xzTEswdm6q4bjVAyT3nAj/wN9rlaGMYYYrSRjT8wA4/OZcb4g7Ek/hgRxowcqN4QvRH8KzscIshPqS3XT4B93gmxr0E/rXLu17jKHcY4oF/5DlxF9pgGDfilfKyqRBXZIj4K6/I23xTneSYYy9Ixtq5x55wCZ8wyd9clikf7PINo+2QrMTyESp/wgPcYBfDQ7YoX0yUwRzuSb6iId9UNwC/ib/sCJNr3EaIM2HiJ0ayVkrHQoV8I39VLshrNx0A5C15moOd9Jp0SsldhDJBZhQHrqPMShcorhjKVfclD7hRGRNmrGuqN9zHPYbzkl6K8cUddtEd9UZ2ijNxkv/4g4xxX7LGkfuTLHvkBflOOlTfQfaxTKCkw2VHPuAH+Se7XK/LXuXIkTDIV+7xrMqMMids5S9+YR/jSdlgp/hIPqO8y79uMlCCZ/Qs8SE8jMBv5DTKDXHBTteguEdZkXxFnc1ziif27coHeg1bea48KqE8UtqIp9JOPDD4id8YpSPWG9nFekP8MfKLOChupfJUXPELe9wqD3JZFJSLnslRujDEB7f4I7ccY9w5tvPLjJ6xDlAkpO0MgoMQxcoFXCNEuMEPCTxuJUicqyJjEH4Js+xkJIS5XY4EX4YwcztMyT9QRVWFUGXGvl0ccjsgHaRfeRANyiJWWuKHHfcIt5NSEu3yrp84AvcUR/wjvaKUl538aiKSO8WVfCINOZSvFHk3on8yJWK5Em5eR8h38hz/upGHlz9DpyHKEGFHGQPCx43ul5CbPDyZKB9AY6L8wN+S7CKrpXqAKZXFQkR6B0NexU59J3Bfkh/KnnznPuWJ/7k85FB2sZw4jx0RwA3lrHDz+7k8lNKBDMmPPG4l/dJJ50S/CFfxQ76RZZ5VfDDt4jQplPJC5Z/bQ0mHA/lN+ZL/5Ec7d4Bb5SFH8lX6Mual5I17oGdkYl0nPOkZyiTqjX5lIKck+zlRTjG5fs7jTnxLdkAecM19wo5uMDHd0C3sTmWRQ9pwQx4STuyviLxO4oZ8IY9i/Y1lwj38kC6KMiCjdOWyBNEdJkf+tQO/pYsUZ8G9GJdJr9OTziJ+WgVhJgheT/7pT3/aZYkMSyJaFT8teRnGWl4zXHj9HNcqzwVzHSavx1k+1Gn51rBg6QJ70/I/f8T+4YcfTuej+iqVMcYYY0ZHYzfJmzJ0vth/cuihh9Y2O2G9ZWvEv2Pdp2kODCpLXxQZJayNHtVemHa025g4Cth/Utr4ytrhww47zJ8aNsYYYyYUv0GZMHhLsmzZsjQQ+dWvfpU25/EJPza1seGQTtmoN+OZ/uALIWzUnMtyYXDCIHau3qQhly+//HLaiJpvTBwVfLlu69at1W233bYjrbzB+fOf/1z913/91y5vVowxxhgzGXiAMoEwG08HVF+YWLx4cfrMqpd2mYWElnjxiVwGKrBixYr0NSkP0o0xxpjJxQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwHhRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjQGD1CMMcYYY4wxjcEDFGOMMcYYY0xj8ADFGGOMMcYY0xg8QDHGGGOMMcY0Bg9QjDHGGGOMMY3BAxRjjDHGGGNMY/AAxRhjjDHGGNMYPEAxxhhjjDHGNAYPUIwxxhhjjDGNwQMUY4wxxhhjTGPwAMUYY4wxxhjTGDxAMcYYY4wxxjSGRdtb1OdDZdGiRfWZMcYYY4wxphsj6pZPHCMboBhjjDHGGGNMv3iJlzHGGGOMMaYxeIBijDHGGGOMaQweoBhjjDHGGGMagwcoxhhjjDHGmMbgAYoxxhhjjDGmMXiAYowxxhhjjGkMHqAYY4wxxhhjGoMHKMYYY4wxxpjG4AGKMcYYY4wxpjF4gGKMMcYYY4xpDB6gGGOMMcYYYxqDByjGGGOMMcaYxuABijHGGGOMMaYhVNX/D3um+q3lXWorAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.4\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDetermination of rheological properties of the fluid\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rheological properties were determined by pouring the mud samples into a cylindrical steel cup of Faan viscometer (Model 35) until it reached the marked point. The rotor dial readings were noted for \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; different revolutions were used to calculate the fluid\u0026apos;s plastic viscosity (PV), apparent viscosity (AV), and yield points (YP). The gel strength for 10 seconds and 10 minutes was measured at 3 RPM. The following equation was used to calculate these properties:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAV) \u0026nbsp;= \u0026theta;\u003csub\u003e600\u003c/sub\u003e/2\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;(1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePV \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;= \u0026theta;\u003csub\u003e600\u003c/sub\u003e- \u0026theta;\u003csub\u003e300\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYP \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;= \u0026theta;\u003csub\u003e300\u003c/sub\u003e- plastic viscosity\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere: \u0026theta;\u003csub\u003e600\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e= dial reading at 600 rotation per minute (RPM)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026theta;\u003csub\u003e300\u003c/sub\u003e = dial reading at 300 rotation per minute (RPM)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5 Determination of fluid loss\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe American Petroleum Institute (API) guideline for low pressure low pressure (LPLT) filtration test obtained from\u0026nbsp;API 13B-1was adopted. The test was conducted at room temperature and 100 Psi for 1800 seconds. The mud samples with different additive concentrations were introduced to a cylindrical mud cell fitted with\u0026nbsp;filter paper (Whatman 50) and other filter screens at the base of the cell held on a low-pressure low temperature filter press stand.\u0026nbsp;The filtrate was received in a graduated beaker and was noted as the volume of fluid loss before the mud cell was taken down to obtain the filter paper containing a layer of filter cake. The thickness of the filter cake was obtained from the centre of the cake with a ruler and the results was recorded in millimetre.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.6 pH Measurement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003epH meter consisting of a glass electrode (probe) and a displayed screen was used. In 100ml graduated cylinder was added the filtrate from the formulated mud. The glass electrode was inserted and then stirred continuously with the tester until a stable value displaced on the screen. The pH value was obtained as a readout on the screen. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and discussion ","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;3.1 Results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1: Properties of formulated mud in comparison with reference mud\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProperties\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValues\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef mud\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5g BMSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10g BMSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15g BMSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20g BMSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5g HBSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10g HBSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15g HBSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20g HBSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAV (cP)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePV (mPas\u003csup\u003e-1)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYP(Ib/100ft\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGel strength 10seconds (Ib/100ft\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGel strength (10minutes) (Ib/100ft\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDensity (PPG)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCake thickness (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.573770491803279%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFluid loss (ml) 30 mins.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.01639344262295%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.557377049180328%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.836065573770492%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMSP= bush mango shell powder, HBSP = hamburger bean powder\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.2 Plastic viscosity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic viscosity of drilling fluid measures the degree of resistance in the flow rate of fluid which is dependent on the viscosity of the base fluids and their solid contents [19]. The PV of BMSP mud samples decreased in comparison to the reference fluid as shown in Fig. 1. \u0026nbsp;The mud sample with 5g BMSP had a PV of 29cP, 10g BMSP (26cP), 15g BMSP (19cp) and 20g (15cp). Similarly, the PV for mud samples with HBSP containing 5g and 10g HBSP were lower than the PV of the reference mud, measuring 30cP and 29cP respectively. Also, the PV of mud samples containing 15g and 20g HBSP increased, measuring 40cP and 38cP respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.3 Apparent viscosity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe apparent viscosity (AV) of drilling mud plays a crucial role in suspending drilled cuttings and ensuring effective hole cleaning [20, 21]. The AV in Fig. 2 for BMSP samples ranged from 69.5cP to 77.5cP, with the 5g BMSP mud sample having an AV of 69.5cP and the 20g BMSP mud sample having an AV of 77.5cP. For HBSP-based mud samples, the AV increased progressively with an increase in HBSP content. The addition of 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g of HBSP increased the AV by 14.3%, 14.7%, 35.1%, and 35.8% respectively compared to the reference fluid. These findings indicate a proportional increase in AV with an increase in BMSP and HBSP concentration\u0026nbsp;conforming to the findings by Yalman \u003cem\u003eet. al\u003c/em\u003e. [22]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.4 Yield point\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYield point (YP) measures the ability of drilling mud to carry drill cuttings in suspension while circulating in and out of the wellbore [22]. ]. Fig. 3 shows the yield point of drilling mud samples with BM as a fluid loss retardant additive. It was observed that the yield point in the BMSP-based mud sample consistently increased with increasing BMSP content. The YP of the sample with 20g BMSP increased by 48.8% compared to the YP of the base fluid. The YP results for HBSP mud samples ranged from 90kg/m2 to 111kg/m2, with the 20g mud sample having the highest YP of 111kg/m2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.5 Gel strength\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGel strength\u0026nbsp;measures the thixotropic behaviour and the degree of gelation that occurs due to the binding forces between particles within a recorded time interval\u0026nbsp;in order to suspend cuttings in a static condition and flow when sufficient force is applied. The gel strength for the fluid samples containing BMSP and HBSP additive as demonstrated in Figure 4 was found to increase steadily with increasing additive content. The 10seconds and 10minute gel strength for mud sample containing 20 g BM and 20g HB respectively were found to increase significantly from 32Ib/100ft\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eto 42Ib/100ft\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.6 Fluid loss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluid loss is a measure of the quantity of filtrate that permeates the cavities in a permeable formation due to hydrostatic pressure.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;A low volume of fluid loss is desired during drilling forestall the occurrence of formation damage and loss circulation [23, 24]. The use of bush mango shell powders as a fluid loss control additive in drilling mud samples (Fig. 5) led to a reduction in filtration rate, particularly with 15g and 20g of bush mango shell powders. The addition of 20g of bush mango shell powders resulted in a significant decrease in filtrate volume (13.2%) compared to the reference mud. Similarly, the addition of hamburger bean (Fig. 6) also resulted to a consistent reduction volume of fluid loss volume with increasing additive content. The addition of 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g of HBSP led to reduction in fluid loss by 1.47%, 8.82%, 14.71% and 20.6% which is consistent with previous studies by Duru \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.[25], Igwilo \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.[27], and Prakash \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. \u0026nbsp;[28].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7 pH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The pH result obtained from the drilling mud samples with BMSP and HBSP showed minimal increase in pH value with increase in the additive content as presented in Fig. 9. Drilling fluid performs optimally in pH range of 9.5 \u0026ndash; 12.5 for water based mud [6]. It was noted from the result in Fig 7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;that BMSP and HBSP shell powders are good pH enhancer in drilling fluid. The findings on HBSP and BMSP mud samples were attributed to strong cohesive bond binding the molecules of HBSP and BMSP which resisted further reactions of electrons in the molecule.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.8 Cake thickness\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mud cake thickness is one of the parameters in drilling fluid desired to be thin, smooth, flexible and impermeable to forestall lost circulation, differential pipe stuck and formation damage (Okon \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2014). Figure 8 shows the mud cake thickness results of the drilling fluid samples containing BMSP and HBSP. It was observed that the mud cake from BMSP and HBSP-based fluids were thin, flexible, smooth and impermeable. Cake thickness of the drilling fluid sample with all concentrations of BM and HB ranged between 1.2 and 1.8mm. Yalman \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., [22] reported thickness between 1.1 mm to 2 mm and Agwu \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., [11] reported 2.8 - 3.8 mm\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the experimental results, it can be concluded that\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The locally sourced hamburger bean shell powders provides better filtration control than bush mango while African oil bean does not retard filtration rate.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The shell powders of BMSP, HBSP and AFSP confer good rheological properties on the fluid samples.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Both bush mango and hamburger bean-based mud produced filter cake thickness within the API recommended thickness while African oil bean and composite additives based mud produced filter cake thickness above the API recommended thickness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; The pH of the mud’s filtrate was found to be within the API recommended pH range.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of funding\u003c/strong\u003e: \u0026nbsp;No funding was received from any donor or government agency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare that the data supporting the findings from this study is available within the paper. If a different format of the raw data is needed, the corresponding author can provide it upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnojake M.C., Oriji, G.O. and G.U. Obuzor designed the research methodology Nwiyoronu Kayii wrote the main manuscriptAll authours review the manuscript\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAmel, H.S., and Amed, A. H. (2021): Enhancing the rheological properties of water based Drilling fluid by utilizing environmentally friendly materials. Journal of petroleum research studies 6(2): 66-81. https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v11i3.533\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbo, T.T.A., Husam. H.A., Shari, D. and Mustafa, A.A. (2019): Insight into the application of new ecofriendly drilling fluid additive to improve the fluid\u0026rsquo;s properties in water based drilling fluid systems. Journal of petroleum science and engineering 183(4):\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWilliamson, B. (2013): Drilling fluids basics; oilfield review spring 25(1). www.slb.com/defining.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbdou, M.I.., Al-sanagh, A.M., Hany, E.A. and Fadl, A.M. (2018): Impact of barite and ilminite mixture on enhancing the drilling mud weight. Egyptian journal of petroleum 27(4): 955-965\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOloro, J. (2018): Comparative study of mud treating agent. International journal of innovative science and research technology 3(1): 15-20\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRita, N., Khalid, I and Efras, M.R. (2020): Rheological properties of drilling mud containing carboxylmethyl cellulose made from carton waste and chemical additives of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e for reducing lost circulation. IOP conference series on material science and engineering\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAtul, K.P., Seyantan, P., Nitu, K.T. Anjali, S. (2021): A review and comparative analysis of effectively functionalized eco-friendly and biodegradable nanoparticle based additives for drilling muds. w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / m a t p r\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOlaitan, O.M., Orodo, O.D., and Ehinmowo, A.B. (2017): Experimental investigation of limonene-based eco-friendly emulsion drilling mud. American journal of engineering and applied science 10(2): 611-621\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbo, T.T.A., Husam. H.A., Shari, D. and Mohammed, A. (2020): Utilizing a new eco-friendly drilling mud additive generated from waste to minimize the use of conventional chemical additives. Journal of exploration and production technology 2(13): 67-75\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePrem, N.G., Apura, A., Shirsh, R.A. and Kakuli, G.R. (2022). Development of cost effective drilling fluid from banana peels pectic and fly ash for loss circulation control. Materials today proceedings 62(6): 4177 - 4181\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAgwu, O.E., Akpabio, J.U. and Archibong, G.W. (2019): Rice husk and saw dust as filter loss control agents for water-based muds. A review. \u003cem\u003eJournal of petroleum science and engineering 7(10): 78-82.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02059\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOkon, N.O., Francis, D. and Perpetual, G. B (2014): Evaluation of rice husk as fluid loss control additive in water based drilling mud. Paper presentation at the SPE annual international conference and exhibition. Http: //doi/10.2118/17237-MS\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBorah, B. and Borkha, M.D. (2022): A review on application of bio-products employed in drilling fluid to minimize environmental footprint. Journal of environmental challenges 2(6): 47-54. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100411\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIzuwa, N.C., Ngozi, N. and Chi, A. (2019) Experimental Evaluation of the Suitability of Local Agro Materials as a Potential Alternative to Conventional Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate in Fluid Loss Control. International Journal of Scientific \u0026amp; Engineering Research 6(10): 23-33\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOnuh, C.Y., Igwilo, K.C., Anawe, P.A.L., Daramola, O. and Ogunwomoju (2017): Environmentally friendly fluid loss control agent in water based mud for oil and gas operation. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Applied Engineering Research 12(8)- 1520-1523\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDankwa, O., Prince, O. and Mike, T. (2018): Performance evaluation of local cassava starch flour as secondary viscosifier and fluid loss control agent water based drilling mud. \u003cem\u003eGhana mining journal 18(2):68-76.\u003c/em\u003e Doi: 10.4314/gm.v18i2.9\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAmadi, K.., Mortadha, A., Ibiye, I., Dushaishi, M.F., Al-hameedi, A., Alkinani, H. (2018): Emperical studies of the effectiveness of bio-enhancers (food waste products) as suitable additives in environmental friendly drilling fluid systems. Paper presented at the 2018 AADE fluid technical conference and exhibition sponsored by the American Association of Drilling Engineers.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMobeen, M., Zeeshan, T., Xianmin, Z., Dhafer, A., Mohamed, M., and Mohamed, S.K. (2021): Okra as an environment friendly fluid loss control additive in drilling mud. Experimental and modeling studies. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108743\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBridges, S. and Robinson, L. (2020). A practical handbook for drilling fluids processing. Elservier journal and book 12(3): 3-26. https:/doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-012-821341-4.00001-4\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWidodo, H., Mohammad, R.S., Andhy, A., Prastya, M., and Amalia, A (2019). Laboratory analysis using coconut shell from Bakasi Regency for drilling fluid additive in oil and gas well. Journal of earth energy 1(6): 47-58. Doi:1025299/jeee.2020.3975\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOnojake, M.C. and Chikwe, T.N. (2017). Rheological properties of some oil based mud used in reservoir in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Global journal of pure and applied sciences 25(2): 39-44\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYalman, E. Tolga D; Gabriella, F. and Al-Khalaf, H. (2019) A New Eco-Friendly and Low Cost Additive in Water-Based Drilling Fluids. The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin. DOI: 10.17794/rgn.2021.5.1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePapoola, L.K. and Gbadomosi, A.O. (2023): Experimental investigation of magnetized cos nucifera husk supported citrullus lanatus peels micro-particles as loss circulation agent in water based drilling mud. South African journal of chemical engineering 45(1): 73-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.sajce.2023.04.08\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOkorie, E.A., Julius, A. and Glory, A. (2019): Rice husk and saw dust as fluid loss control agents for water based muds. Journal of petroleum engineering and Technology 1(4): 15-22 https//doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon. 2019.e02059.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDuru, U.I., Onyejekwe, I.M., Uwaezuoke, N. and Arinkoola, A.O. (2020): Performance evaluation of \u003cem\u003eMucuna Solannie\u003c/em\u003e as a drilling additive in water based mud at cold temperature ironmentally friendly oil based mud using palm oil and groundnut oil. 34\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e annual SPE international conference and exhibition, (1-9), Calabar, South-South, Nigeria.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIgor, M., Nediljka, G.M., Karolina, N. M. and Petar, M (2022): Waste mandarin peel as an eco-friendly water based drilling fluid additive. Energies 2022, 15, 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072591\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIgwilo, K.C., Okorie, A., Okoro, E.E. and Ibeneme, I. (2019): Experimental Analysis of Persea americana as Filtration Loss Control Additive for non-aqueous drilling fluid. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.44.8\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePrakash, V., Sharma, N. and Bhahacharya (2021): Effects of silica nano-particles on properties of environmentally additive in water base drilling fluid. Journal of petroleum exploration and production technology 11(20): 4253-4267.https://doi.org/10.10007/s13202-021-01305-z\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4441270/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4441270/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFluid loss within a permeable formation is one of the expensive problems encounter during drilling of a wellbore. Commercially available materials such as Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose (HEC), Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC), and Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) are employed to minimize fluid loss but they are costly and cause increased viscosity when faced with high salinity and hardness. \u0026nbsp;This study evaluate the application of shell powders of hamburger bean and bush mango as eco-friendly and cheap filtration control additives in water-based mud. Sixteen samples were formulated with different concentrations (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) of the shell powders. The effect of the additives on the rheological property was determined. Filtration test was determined using API 13B-I LPLP filter press. Results obtained showed that 15g and 20g of Bush mango reduced fluid loss, while the mud samples with hamburger beans exhibited a progressive decrease in filtration rate as the hamburger bean content increased. Both Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean-based mud produced cake thickness between 1.2-1.8 mm. The overall result indicates that Hamburger bean provide effective filtration control than Bush mango.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of Shell Powders of Bush Mango and Hamburger Bean as Eco-friendly Fluid Loss Control Additives in Drilling Mud","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-07 08:33:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4441270/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-10T12:05:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-01T10:12:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-30T12:19:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-30T09:51:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-29T13:21:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"246950808935707285216390363951928302345","date":"2024-05-29T12:41:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"311447308874798297821908661506716197261","date":"2024-05-29T04:18:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"237105664992652599854914051679467685102","date":"2024-05-26T09:29:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"310771399685369797093458961897057638367","date":"2024-05-26T07:19:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-26T06:46:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-26T06:44:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-26T06:44:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Applied Sciences","date":"2024-05-18T13:42:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7c5fb6b1-e12a-4c08-a1b7-071d0d200bcc","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 7th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-07-29T08:47:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-07 08:33:39","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4441270","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4441270","identity":"rs-4441270","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}