The Cyclic Model of the Universe: Bounded by Planck and Cosmic Scale

This study proposes a novel cyclic cosmological model characterized by finite Cosmic scales. The model posits that the universe undergoes cyclical epochs of expansion and contraction, bounded by a finite maximum spatial scale. Spacetime is considered to possess intrinsic dynamic properties, where matter accumulation induces spacetime shrinkage and generates potential energy. This stored energy subsequently drives a repulsive force, counteracting gravity and leading to cosmic expansion. The model incorporates fundamental constants to derive Cosmic scale and timescale, and analyzes phase transitions between deceleration and acceleration phases. Mathematical derivations describe expansion and contraction dynamics, including Hubble parameter variations. The model’s predictions will be compared with observational data, such as Type Ia supernovae measurements, to assess its consistency with observed cosmic acceleration without requiring the presence of dark energy.