Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin and silver (I) nanocomplexes in inflammatory bowel diseases: in vitro and in vivo examination

Abstract Purpose Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Current treatment strategies of IBD are insufficient, expensive and connected with high toxicity. In search for alternatives that could help in the management of IBD without causing serious side effects, natural compounds attracted much attention recently. Curcumin is a natural, inexpensive compound with anti-inflammatory properties derived from rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. Concurrently, silver can suppress microbial activity and promote wound healing. Taking into consideration properties of both compounds, we decided to combine, with the use of nanotechnology, silver and curcumin to synergistically enhance their activity. Methods We obtained two formulations: curcumin and silver (I) nanoparticles complex (curcumin + nAg) and curcumin nanoparticles and silver (I) nanoparticles complex (ncurcumin + nAg). We assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of formulations in vitro in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Results In vitro, both formulations inhibited nitric oxide (NO) release and in vivo complexes alleviated colitis. Conclusion In conclusion, our research showed that combination of curcumin with nAg improves curcumin’s anti-inflammatory properties and that using nanocurcumin instead of curcumin further enhanced this effect. Curcumin and silver (I) nanocomplexes may become a new treatment option in inflammatory bowel diseases.