Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using modified bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO

Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using modified bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using modified bentonite /UV/TiO 2 /ZnO Tayyaba Jamil This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4567955/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO 2 /ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined UV, Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5–15 V), ozone dose of (0.2–0.8 mg/min), pH (5–10), and catalyst dose (0.5–1.5 g/L) on turbidity and COD removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O 3 ), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O 3 ), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O 3 /catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet UN sustainability goals. Antibiotics Combine Hybrid Pharmaceutical Photocatalyst Wastewater Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4567955","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":317085841,"identity":"55253666-7a52-4df9-9358-4576df7730ea","order_by":0,"name":"Tayyaba Jamil","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tayyaba","middleName":"","lastName":"Jamil","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-12 06:32:51","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4567955/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4567955/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":58933056,"identity":"9a6c605b-b451-4d14-bfab-cbba57608c68","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-24 09:26:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":872696,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4567955/v1_covered_e781c1fc-31db-419c-bea1-14e47435b9f0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePhotocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using modified bentonite /UV/TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/ZnO\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Antibiotics, Combine, Hybrid, Pharmaceutical, Photocatalyst, Wastewater","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4567955/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4567955/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined UV, Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5\u0026ndash;15 V), ozone dose of (0.2\u0026ndash;0.8 mg/min), pH (5\u0026ndash;10), and catalyst dose (0.5\u0026ndash;1.5 g/L) on turbidity and COD removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. 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