Smart-Sized Silica and Brick Kiln Dust for Stronger More Sustainable White Cement

Smart-Sized Silica and Brick Kiln Dust for Stronger More Sustainable White Cement | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Smart-Sized Silica and Brick Kiln Dust for Stronger More Sustainable White Cement Shivani Pandey, Sachin verma, Raushan Kumar, Kanhaya Lal, Anil Kumar Shukla This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619066/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research analyzes the performance of White Portland Cement (WPC) when partially substituted with 40% Smart-sized silica(SSS) and 5% Brick Kiln Dust (BKD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in experiments to investigate microstructural changes, compressive strength, hydration behavior, and setting times. The characteristics of WPC are greatly enhanced by the inclusion of BKD and SSS. A small adjustment to the setting time ensures high workability without sacrificing performance. After 28 days of curing, the blended cement acquires a much higher strength than standard WPC, according to the compressive strength tests. The main cause of this improvement is the capacity of SSS to promote the development of dense calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which improves the cement matrix. BKD enhances strength and durability by participating in the pozzolanic reaction. Furthermore, using SSS and BKD in place of certain WPC lowers production costs and the environmental impact. According to this study, WPC is a great substitute for conventional formulations since it produces a stronger, more sustainable cement when 40% SSS and 5% BKD are added. White Portland Cement (WPC) Smart-sized Silica (SSS) Brick Kiln Dust (BKD) Compressive Strength Sustainability Hydration Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 08 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7619066","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":531710200,"identity":"c2d87b12-5c5c-47fe-8fd0-2c6e98277e4f","order_by":0,"name":"Shivani Pandey","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shivani","middleName":"","lastName":"Pandey","suffix":""},{"id":531710201,"identity":"7bbd2b6c-6447-4d11-a908-ae2d8f6f5300","order_by":1,"name":"Sachin verma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CMP Degree College, University of 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Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"White Portland Cement (WPC), Smart-sized Silica (SSS), Brick Kiln Dust (BKD), Compressive Strength, Sustainability, Hydration","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619066/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619066/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research analyzes the performance of White Portland Cement (WPC) when partially substituted with 40% Smart-sized silica(SSS) and 5% Brick Kiln Dust (BKD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in experiments to investigate microstructural changes, compressive strength, hydration behavior, and setting times. The characteristics of WPC are greatly enhanced by the inclusion of BKD and SSS. A small adjustment to the setting time ensures high workability without sacrificing performance. After 28 days of curing, the blended cement acquires a much higher strength than standard WPC, according to the compressive strength tests. The main cause of this improvement is the capacity of SSS to promote the development of dense calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which improves the cement matrix. BKD enhances strength and durability by participating in the pozzolanic reaction. Furthermore, using SSS and BKD in place of certain WPC lowers production costs and the environmental impact. According to this study, WPC is a great substitute for conventional formulations since it produces a stronger, more sustainable cement when 40% SSS and 5% BKD are added.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Smart-Sized Silica and Brick Kiln Dust for Stronger More Sustainable White Cement","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-21 19:25:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619066/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-25T07:35:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-23T22:44:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-17T14:37:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"80955145413919578795213841710592926960","date":"2025-10-16T21:10:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9589856794343293403219360949606193266","date":"2025-10-15T16:44:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-10T13:02:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"99401681464121579921860526226374918946","date":"2025-10-08T09:59:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-08T09:19:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-08T07:31:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T11:35:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T10:08:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Chemistry","date":"2025-09-24T10:04:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Chemistry](https://link.springer.com/journal/44371)","snPcode":"44371","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44371/3","title":"Discover Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ea0aeac3-ca0d-4c70-b14f-a70a29d95864","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-02T15:53:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-21 19:25:34","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7619066","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7619066","identity":"rs-7619066","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}