Dysmenorrhea in adolescents

Dysmenorrhea is a common complaint in menstruating females. It can impact their quality of life, negatively affect attendance at school or work, and increase health-care use. Most dysmenorrhea in the adolescent years is due to primary dysmenorrhea, however adolescents can suffer from secondary dysmenorrhea as well. Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea can be attributed to Müllerian anomalies, ovarian cysts and endometriosis. This article reviews the etiologies, pathophysiology, and treatment options for primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.