Analysis of harmonic and interharmonic components using a recursive and adaptive algorithm to the signal under analysis

Analysis of harmonic and interharmonic components using a recursive and adaptive algorithm to the signal under analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of harmonic and interharmonic components using a recursive and adaptive algorithm to the signal under analysis Liz Rosana Alvarez Ferreira, Carlos Henrique Beuter, Alessandra Bortoletto Garbelotti Hoffmann, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5314118/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 May, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents a technique to characterize, extract, and analyze the information of harmonic and interharmonic components in Electrical Power System (EPS) voltage signals. The contributions include an adaptive threshold that enables the optimal number of signal samples. In addition, the treatment of amplitudes with frequencies very close to each other is performed to solve the problem that can arise when the threshold selects a high number of samples due to spectral scattering. The following frequency concerning a target frequency is defined to find the search direction, and a new correction term for the frequency drift is proposed. The methodology was validated with actual measurements and with an extensive set of synthetic signals with and without noise, created according to recommendations of national and international standards. The results indicate a good characterization of the components and the real possibility of signal reconstruction with a high degree of similarity to the original and easy implementation, which can be a valuable tool for extracting harmonic and interharmonic components from voltage signals. Harmonics Interharmonics Fast Fourier Transform Adaptive Threshold Spectral Leakage Power Quality Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 May, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 24 Oct, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 22 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5314118","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":370902439,"identity":"97b1250d-241b-4066-8788-c65f80e4b3b5","order_by":0,"name":"Liz Rosana Alvarez Ferreira","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Itaipu Parquetec","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liz","middleName":"Rosana Alvarez","lastName":"Ferreira","suffix":""},{"id":370902442,"identity":"428d7ddc-b0c8-4c59-ae85-cf4ed2b8f0ae","order_by":1,"name":"Carlos Henrique Beuter","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Rondonópolis","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carlos","middleName":"Henrique","lastName":"Beuter","suffix":""},{"id":370902443,"identity":"3a91e694-6408-4d0c-bca1-2ce3cee05fd7","order_by":2,"name":"Alessandra Bortoletto Garbelotti Hoffmann","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology – Paraná","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alessandra","middleName":"Bortoletto Garbelotti","lastName":"Hoffmann","suffix":""},{"id":370902444,"identity":"11e15b0d-da32-4800-8268-39f014412bd5","order_by":3,"name":"Mário Oleskovicz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of São Paulo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mário","middleName":"","lastName":"Oleskovicz","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-22 19:38:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5314118/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5314118/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-025-01172-7","type":"published","date":"2025-05-23T15:57:25+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83460000,"identity":"48a9ca00-2683-4c5a-911f-8b733b359a72","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 16:08:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1240435,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Article.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5314118/v1_covered_7bb19294-bfb5-4514-ba18-917239e8dd94.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of harmonic and interharmonic components using a recursive and adaptive algorithm to the signal under analysis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-control-automation-and-electrical-systems","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jcae","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems](https://link.springer.com/journal/40313)","snPcode":"40313","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40313/3","title":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Harmonics, Interharmonics, Fast Fourier Transform, Adaptive Threshold, Spectral Leakage, Power Quality","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5314118/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5314118/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents a technique to characterize, extract, and analyze the information of harmonic and interharmonic components in Electrical Power System (EPS) voltage signals. The contributions include an adaptive threshold that enables the optimal number of signal samples. In addition, the treatment of amplitudes with frequencies very close to each other is performed to solve the problem that can arise when the threshold selects a high number of samples due to spectral scattering. The following frequency concerning a target frequency is defined to find the search direction, and a new correction term for the frequency drift is proposed. The methodology was validated with actual measurements and with an extensive set of synthetic signals with and without noise, created according to recommendations of national and international standards. The results indicate a good characterization of the components and the real possibility of signal reconstruction with a high degree of similarity to the original and easy implementation, which can be a valuable tool for extracting harmonic and interharmonic components from voltage signals.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of harmonic and interharmonic components using a recursive and adaptive algorithm to the signal under analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-28 06:13:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5314118/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-10-27T17:15:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-10-24T09:13:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-10-24T09:11:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems","date":"2024-10-22T19:32:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-control-automation-and-electrical-systems","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jcae","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems](https://link.springer.com/journal/40313)","snPcode":"40313","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40313/3","title":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a600cabb-dc7e-4a5b-abe5-5627bce3e4c7","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 28th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-26T16:00:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5314118","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-025-01172-7","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-control-automation-and-electrical-systems","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-23 15:57:25","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 23rd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-28 06:13:05","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s40313-025-01172-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-025-01172-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5314118","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5314118","identity":"rs-5314118","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}