A Comparative Evaluation of Cold Maceration, Soxhlation and Ultra Sound Assisted Extraction for Phytochemical Screening of Whole Plnt of Blumea Lacera(Burm.f.) Dc. Along With It’s Antibacterial Effect With Respect to Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don.

A Comparative Evaluation of Cold Maceration, Soxhlation and Ultra Sound Assisted Extraction for Phytochemical Screening of Whole Plnt of Blumea Lacera(Burm.f.) Dc. Along With It’s Antibacterial Effect With Respect to Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. 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Dc. Along With It’s Antibacterial Effect With Respect to Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don. Dipan Banik, Suparna Mandal, Bidyutparna Bhattacharya Kundu, Biplab Kumar Chakra, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7117171/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Here the experiment was performed with two medicinally important traditional plants extracts like Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. And Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.. Three distinct extraction procedure like cold maceration, ultra sound sonication and soxhlation were used for extraction of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. and compared the variation of phytoconstituents extracted through those traditional and modern methods of extraction. Also there were a systematic examination of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. extract effectivity against a diverse range of pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative, with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.extract.These analysis highlighting the potency of traditional medicinal plants as sources of novel antibacterial agents. Results Maximum greenish brown extract was obtained by Soxhlation of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. whole plant that was 8.8% but maximum phytoconstituents were extracted by ultrasound assisted sonication. It was observed that antibacterial activity of 100 mg/litre of whole plant Soxhlate extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.was more than Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. against Escherichia Coli (ATCC-8739). Again whole plant extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. 100mg/litre was effective against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) and Salmonella abony (NCTC-6017) and 50 mg/litre was also effective against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) where Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. extract was ineffective. Conclusion This study validates the most efficient extraction technique of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. to get specific phytoconstituents and notable antibacterial efficacy with specific concentrations against specific pathogenic bacteria with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. This study showed that the quality and quantity of yield of each extraction technique derived extract may varied. Here the highest yield was obtained by soxhlation and lowest yield was obtained by cold maceration technique. With respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.was more effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, due to it’s large number of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids etcetera. These findings highlight the need to choose specific plant extracts with specific concentrations to target particular pathogens effectively. Applied & Industrial Microbiology Soxhlation Cold Maceration Ultrasound assisted Sonication Pathogenic bacteria Extract Phytoconstituents Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 BACKGROUND Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. is the plant belonging to the asteraceae family, found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are charecterized by their aromatic leaves and small, daisy like flowers. These plants often thrive in disturbed habitats such as roadsides and clearings [1]. The plant is a tiny tree with a strong camphorous smell that can reach heights of 3–4 meters in lowlands, riverbeds, valleys, mountainous areas, fields, beneath forests, and roadsides [2]. This plant is used in traditional medicine and have applications in herbal remedies, including their ecological roles such as providing habitat for various insects [3]. The anticancer effects have been investigated, though the Indian species of Blumea have not been disclosed [4]. In traditional medicine, the plant, which has a potent turpentine scent, is employed as a diuretic and antihelminthic. Numerous biological properties of the plant, including astringent, stimulant, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic, are well-known [5]. In the other hand Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. (family Apocynaceae) is the well-known periwinkle plants, which are primarily native to the temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest and central Asia. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. has been valued in traditional medicine worldwide—used in India for wasp stings, in Hawaii to stop bleeding, and in China as an astringent, diuretic, and cough remedy. This plant is also called Vinca rosea , Ammocallis rosea ,or Lochnera rosea. It’s known English names are Cape Periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle, Rosy Periwinkle, and Old Maid. Extensively cultivated in northern India to meet demand in traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, its growth is often hindered by soil salinity. The plant is a latex-containing, erect or spreading herb or small shrub [6]. Vinca alkaloids have a long history of use in managing conditions like diabetes and hypertension, with some of their derivatives also employed as disinfectants. Their most notable impact, however, is in oncology, where they serve as powerful chemotherapeutic agents. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. has a long-standing role in traditional medicine, especially in Europe, where it was used for centuries as a folk remedy for diabetes. It’s enduring use highlights it’s importance and value in natural and herbal healing practices [7]. These diverse uses reflect its widespread therapeutic significance across cultures [8]. RESULT Organoleptic Evaluation Table 1:Organoleptic properties of dried powderof whole plant Serial number Parameters Result Blumealacera (Burm.f.) DC Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. 1 Colour Greenish Brown Green 2 Odour Characteristic Characteristic 3 Taste Bitter Bitter Qualitative Evaluation Table 2: Colour, Nature and % Yield of Whole Plant Extract of Blumealacera (Burm.f.) DC SL NO COLOUR NATURE PERCENTAGE OF YIELD (% Weight/Weight) COLD MACERATION SOXHLATION ULTRA SOUND SONICATION 1. DARK GREEN SMOOTH 5.6 8.8 7 Table 3: Result of Physicochemical Evaluation of Whole Plant Extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC [ Fig 5] SL NO PHYTOCONSTITUTES TEST PROCEDURE OBSERVATION 1. ALKALOIDS Dragendorff’s test COLD MACERATION EXTRACT ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACT SOXHLATION EXTRACT + + + Mayer’s test _ _ _ Wagner’s test + + + Hager’s test + + + 2. CARBOHYDRATES Molisch’s test _ + + Barfoed’s reagent _ + _ 3. TANNINS Ferric chloride test _ _ _ 4. STARCH Iodine test _ _ _ 5. STEROIDS AND TRITERPENOIDS Liebermann-Burchard test _ + + Salkowski test _ + _ 6. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Baljet’s test + + + Legal’s test _ + + 7. PROTEINS Xanthoproteic test _ + _ Biuret test _ _ _ (+) present, (-) absent Antibacterial Effect of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don In this experiment the cork borer method was used to determine the in-vitro comparative antibacterial activity for whole plant extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.. It was observed that Escherichia Coli (ATCC-8739) was sensitive against 100 mg/litre of whole plant extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. [Fig 6]. It was also observed that Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) and Salmonella abony (NCTC-6017) were sensitive against 100 mg/litre of whole plant extract of Blumealacera (Burm.f.) DC though Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. was inefficient to prevent their growth. Table 4: Sensitivity Test of Bacterial Strain against Plant extract SL NO Bacteria used Dose applied Inhibition zone diameter for Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride (millimetre) Inhibition zone diameter for Blumealacera (Burm.f.) DC (millimetre) Inhibition zone diameter for Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. (millimetre) 1. Escherichia coli (ATCC-8739) H 15 13 11 L 6 0 0 2. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) H 20 9 0 L 12 3 0 3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-9027) H 15 0 0 L 5 0 0 4. Salmonella abony (NCTC-6017) H 13 11 0 L 7 0 0 H= 100 milligram /litre, L =50 milligram /litre Table 5: In-vitro comparative antibacterial activity against a standard antibiotic Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride for whole plant extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. was evaluated using Anova: Single Factor where was no significant difference (p<0.05) Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Column 1 8 93 11.625 27.41071429 Column 2 8 36 4.5 31.14285714 Column 3 8 11 1.375 15.125 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 441.5833333 2 220.7916667 8.990063015 0.001511640732 3.466800112 Within Groups 515.75 21 24.55952381 Total 957.3333333 23 DISCUSSION Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants with huge variety. In the field of pharmacy, plant derived antibacterial agents are very potential. Plant derived antibacterial agents are generally different types of secondary metabolites which may disrupt bacterial cell walls, inhibit enzymes, or interfere with microbial metabolism [ 9 ]. Many previous studies concluded that extraction of plants with organic solvent is most efficient than other solvents to extract out maximum secondary metabolites which are mainly acts as antibacterial components of plants. Specially to extract aromatic and saturated organic constituents, ethanol, methanol or other organic solvents are essential [ 10 ]. Due to this reason in this experiment methanol was choosed as solvent in all kind of traditional and modern method of extractions. Extraction of phytoconstituents from medicinal plant is very demanding part in the field of pharmacognosy. To extract different metabolites from different parts of plant or whole plant, varieties of extraction techniques are used. The results of those extractions are very important in the field of pharmaceutical research work. Always it’s an initial step of photochemistry to choose the right method of extraction for desired outcomes. Competent extraction technique should that are simple, economic, environment friendly, faster process to achieve maximum yield within short time without deviation any therapeutic effects [ 11 ]. Here in case of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. maximum extract was obtained by Soxhlation of whole plant with restoration of its antibacterial effectivity [Table 4 ] but maximum phytoconstituents were extracted by ultrasound assisted sonication within very short time [Table 3 ]. Antibacterial agents which remain present into the plants can be lost by continuous heating process during extraction [ 12 ]. But in this experiment Soxhlet extract was selected to study the antibacterial effectivity of extract. The result of that experiment proved that the antibacterial effectivity may not completely abolish in spite of continuous heating. Here the experiment significantly provide an information about in-vitro antibacterial effectivity of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC., an medicinally important traditional plant with respect to another medicinally important plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. In this experiment Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. showed inhibited zone against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria but in the other hand Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. showed effectivity only against gram negative bacteria [Fig. 6 ]. Even the zone of inhibition of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. was more than Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. [Table 4 ]. CONCLUSION In this experiment the results of the three distinct extraction techniques included traditional and modern method of extraction with whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC., were compared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which showed that the colour and percentage of yield along with extracted phytoconstituents were varied. Investigating the synergistic potential with broad spectrum antibiotics may also offer a new avenue to utilize it’s antibacterial efficacy. The assessment of the antibacterial activities of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. against various pathogenic bacteria revealed notable efficiency of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.than Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. with particular concentration. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. demonstrated particularly robust inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, due to the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids etcetera which were observed as present in phytochemical screening. As in this experiment Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. showed greater antibacterial efficiency, evidenced by it’s larger zones of inhibition compared to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., positioned it as a promising candidate in novel antibacterial drug development. These results emphasize the importance of thoroughly exploring and standardizing traditional medicinal plant like Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. to ensure consistent and safe therapeutic applications. Overall, this study contributes significantly to phytomedicine by confirming the more antibacterial promise of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.. METHODS Aim This study is aimed to compare the traditional and modern methods of extraction of whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. to detect the suitable technique to extract specific phytoconstituents and detect it’s in-vitro antibacterial effect of whole plant extract with respect to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. which will be effective in the development of new era of antibacterial medicines. Design and setting of the study All required chemicals and glass apparatus were used in this experiment from Pharmacognosy and Microbiology Laboratory of PG Institute of Medical Sciences,Chandrakona Town, West Midnapore, West Bengal. Sample collection Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.often known as Blumea or “Blumea plants”, belong to the family Asteraceae. These plants are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions including roadsides and disturbed lands. Here the source of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.was roadside environment of Chandrokona Town, West Midnapore, West Bengal . Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don also known as Periwinkle, belong to the family Apocynaceae. These plants are commonly found in roadsides, in shaded woods, and in disturbed, well-drained ground. Here the source of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don was the herbal garden of PG Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandrokona Town, West Midnapore, West Bengal . The authentication was proceeded by the help of Botanical Garden, Shibpur, Howrah. During authentication Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. was considered under Specimen number PGIMS/BBK-01 and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. was considered under Specimen number PGIMS/BBK-02. Extraction procedure: At first collect the whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.. Thoroughly washed the whole plant with tap water and then with distilled water to remove all type of dirts and impurities. After cleaning all parts of the plants were cut into small pieces by used a sharp knife. Then dried the whole plant into a hot air oven under 60 degree centigrade constant temperature for 24 hours [13]. After that completely dried plant were crushed by used a mortar pestle to produce a fine powder and proceeded for extraction. Cold maceration [14] Took 40 gram of dried powder of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.in a round bottom flask and proceeded for the method of cold maceration for 24 hours where 400 ml of methanol was used as solvent. After 24 hours filtered the mixture and collected the filtrate. The marc were again proceeded for extraction as previous and repeated the process for 5 days until the menstruum became colourless. After completion of the cold maceration process, combined the filtrate and proceeded for the solvent evaporation method at below 50 degree centigrade temperature. As a result collected a viscous semisolid mass. The collected residue were kept in a desiccator for further study. Ultrasound assisted extraction [15] Took 40 gram of dried powder of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.in a conical flask and proceeded for Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for 30 minutes where methanol was used as solvent for extraction. After successful extraction the mixture was filtered and collected the filtrate. Then proceeded for the solvent evaporation method at below 50 degree centigrade temperature. As a result collected a viscous semisolid mass. The collected residue were kept in a desiccator for further study. Soxhlet extraction [16] Took 40 gram of dried powder of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. separately into two thimbles and the thimbles were kept into the soxhlet chamber for extraction at below 50 degree centigrade temperature where methanol was used as solvent for extraction. After 8 hours of successful extraction the solvent was proceeded for the solvent evaporation method at below 50 degree centigrade temperature. As a result collected a viscous semisolid mass. The collected residue were dried in a desiccator for further study. Qualitative Analysis of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.: Table 6: Phytochemical screening of different extract of Blumealacera whole plant [17] SL NO PHYTOCONSTITUTES TEST PROCEDURE OBSERVATION 1. ALKALOIDS Dragendorff’s test COLD MACERATION EXTRACT ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACT SOXHLATION EXTRACT Raddish brown precipitate was found Raddish brown precipitate was found Raddish brown precipitate was found Mayer’s test No colour was found No colour was found No colour was found Wagner’s test Raddish brown colour was found Raddish brown colour was found Raddish brown colour was found Hager’s test Yellow colour was found Yellow colour was found Yellow colour was found 2. CARBOHYDRATES Molisch’s test No ring was found Violet ring was found Violet ring was found Barfoed’s reagent No colour was found Brick red precipitate was found No colour was found 3. TANNINS Ferric chloride test No colour was found No colour was found No colour was found 4. STARCH Iodine test No colour was found No colour was found No colour was found 5. STEROIDS AND TRITERPENOIDS Liebermann-Burchard test No ring was found Brown ring was formed Brown ring was formed Salkowski test No ring wasfound Red colour ring was formed no ring was found 6. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Baljet’s test Orange colour formed Orange colour formed Orange colour formed Legal’s test No colour found Blood red colour found Blood red colour found 7. PROTEINS Xanthoproteic test No colour found Yellow colour formed No colour found Biuret test No colour found No colour found No colour found Study of Comparative Antibacterial Activity of Soxhlate Extract [18] : Here crock borer method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of Soxhlate extract of whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. with respect to whole plant of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.. Here the antibiotic assay media number 1 containing petridishes were aseptically inoculated with Escherichia Coli (ATCC-8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538), Salmonella abony (NCTC-6017) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-9027) separately. Then 100 micro litters of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride (Standard) with concentrations 100 mg/litre which was considered as higher dose (H) and 50 mg/litre which was considered as lower dose (L)were respectively inoculated aseptically into the left hand side bores of culture media. In the same manner 100 μlt of whole plant extract of Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.with concentrations 100 mg/litre which was considered as higher dose (H) and 50 mg/litre which was considered as lower dose (L)were respectively inoculated aseptically into the right hand side bores of culture media into separate petridishes. In all dilution of standard and sample, methanol was used as solvent.After successful inoculation the petridishes were incubated at 37°C for 5 days. The sensitivity of a particular strain to as specific extract is determined by the diameter of the inhibited zone in the petridish in respect to blank, was recorded. Abbreviations mg Milligram µlt Micro litter ℃ Degree centigrade References MASYUDI M, Hanafiah M, RINIDAR R, Usman S, MARLINA M (2022) Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 23(3) Van Van D, Tra N. T, Le Ngoc Quynh Giao D.A, Son N. V. N. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ATIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Blumea densiflora var. hookeri (CB Clarke ex Hook. f.) CC Chang & YQ Tseng LEAVES. Rao A. M (2021) In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Blumea lacera leaf extract. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7117171","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":484880349,"identity":"345a42c5-fd9e-4bc0-a1d8-0eeb473f5cd6","order_by":0,"name":"Dipan Banik","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dipan","middleName":"","lastName":"Banik","suffix":""},{"id":484880350,"identity":"60905e95-c8bb-4a38-be53-5780e9ed896b","order_by":1,"name":"Suparna Mandal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suparna","middleName":"","lastName":"Mandal","suffix":""},{"id":484880351,"identity":"6688325e-be7c-4474-9756-2c1c2a8a107e","order_by":2,"name":"Bidyutparna Bhattacharya Kundu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACA2YGAxib8cGHCiDFzNxAhJYEMJvZcMYZEMVIQAsDQgubNG8b2Db8WszZmbdJ8/64I28+u/mx4cx5tdH87UAtPyq24dRi2cxWJs2T8Mxwzp1jhg8+bjueO+MwYwNjz5nbuB12mMcMqOUw4wyJBGPDmduO5TYAtTAzthHWYj9DIv2bNO+cY7nzidWSOEMix0yat6EmdwMhLUC/FFvOSXuWDNRSbDjj2IHcjUAtB/H5xZz/8MYbb2zu2AIdtvHBh5q63HnnDx988KMCtxYgYJFgYDgA4xwGkwdwKIUB5g9IauoIKB4Fo2AUjIKRCACKaF4O6fKXCAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4973-1715","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bidyutparna","middleName":"Bhattacharya","lastName":"Kundu","suffix":""},{"id":484880352,"identity":"2f911d8a-6d66-4b73-bb5e-dec8bb3ae78c","order_by":3,"name":"Biplab Kumar Chakra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Biplab","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Chakra","suffix":""},{"id":484880353,"identity":"7ebaddac-c26b-46a2-a538-f39846d7a77c","order_by":4,"name":"Nilanjan Adhikari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nilanjan","middleName":"","lastName":"Adhikari","suffix":""},{"id":484887878,"identity":"252e6aa8-ae45-417b-ae50-00f615eaa15c","order_by":5,"name":"Achin Bhunia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Achin","middleName":"","lastName":"Bhunia","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-14 05:28:41","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7117171/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7117171/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86913026,"identity":"439b1136-1fb7-4266-a403-6c9f997f120e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:39:12","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":51835,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComperative percentage yields of methanolic extract of whole plant of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera \u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC by cold maceration, ultrasound sonication \u0026amp; soxhlation\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/149d93ed3d259fad8d81edcb.png"},{"id":86913036,"identity":"b2555d41-eede-4932-9d74-cd4b3607e96d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:39:12","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":123730,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSensitivity Test of Bacterial Strain against Plant extract\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/1a03811dc6bd0c904dcaf816.png"},{"id":86913041,"identity":"fe3dae15-0b74-4a06-a657-90346d79e2f5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:39:13","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":262327,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthentication of Plants \u003c/strong\u003e[A: Herbarium of \u003cem\u003eBlumea\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003elacera \u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.; B: Herbarium of\u003cem\u003e Catharanthus roseus \u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don.; C:\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eAuthentication report from BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA]\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/dec7c805690d4b0d1584e5c1.png"},{"id":86913060,"identity":"468ce3ba-bbaa-41b7-95b8-e42e75987f5a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:39:17","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":478499,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSteps of Extraction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/566f1b34b90205c2dd0a26c2.png"},{"id":86913058,"identity":"87c35c08-46e2-41ba-82df-8f133b78de59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:39:16","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":453372,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObservations of phytochemical screening of cold maceration, ultrasound assisted extraction and soxhlation derived extracts separately\u003c/strong\u003e [A: Dragendorff test; B: Wagner’s test; C: Hager’s test; D: Molisch test with soxhlate and ultrasound assisted extract; E: Barfoed test with ultrasound assisted extract; F: Libermann-Burchard test with soxhlate and ultrasound assisted extract; G: Salkowski test with ultrasound assisted extract; H: Baljet’s test; I: Legal’s test with soxhlate and ultrasound assisted extract; J: Xanthoproteic test with ultrasound assisted extract.]\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/d8c3e69e1cf695a0dd94eca9.png"},{"id":86913291,"identity":"897cd360-45e7-43e9-b743-2fc8722fcb17","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:47:14","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":272339,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObservations of Comparative Antibacterial Effect against \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEscherichia Coli\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e (ATCC-8739)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/4c090bff42bc5784f5ed7011.png"},{"id":86913298,"identity":"15ec1673-7763-4b70-a2ec-c14b5805008c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-17 05:47:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3400136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7117171/v1/2cc43c66-4627-4bc5-8bb0-553c80fccb52.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA Comparative Evaluation of Cold Maceration, Soxhlation and Ultra Sound Assisted Extraction for Phytochemical Screening of Whole Plnt of Blumea Lacera(Burm.f.) Dc. Along With It’s Antibacterial Effect With Respect to Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"BACKGROUND","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. is the plant belonging to the asteraceae family, found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are charecterized by their aromatic leaves and small, daisy like flowers. These plants often thrive in disturbed habitats such as roadsides and clearings [1]. The plant is a tiny tree with a strong camphorous smell that can reach heights of 3\u0026ndash;4 meters in lowlands, riverbeds, valleys, mountainous areas, fields, beneath forests, and roadsides [2]. This plant is used in traditional medicine and have applications in herbal remedies, including their ecological roles such as providing habitat for various insects [3]. The anticancer effects have been investigated, though the Indian species of Blumea have not been disclosed [4]. In traditional medicine, the plant, which has a potent turpentine scent, is employed as a diuretic and antihelminthic. Numerous biological properties of the plant, including astringent, stimulant, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic, are well-known [5]. In the other hand\u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. (family Apocynaceae) is the well-known periwinkle plants, which are primarily native to the temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest and central Asia. \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. has been valued in traditional medicine worldwide\u0026mdash;used in India for wasp stings, in Hawaii to stop bleeding, and in China as an astringent, diuretic, and cough remedy. This plant is also called \u003cem\u003eVinca rosea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAmmocallis rosea\u003c/em\u003e,or\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Lochnera rosea.\u003c/em\u003e It\u0026rsquo;s known English names are Cape Periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle, Rosy Periwinkle, and Old Maid. Extensively cultivated in northern India to meet demand in traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, its growth is often hindered by soil salinity. The plant is a latex-containing, erect or spreading herb or small shrub [6]. Vinca alkaloids have a long history of use in managing conditions like diabetes and hypertension, with some of their derivatives also employed as disinfectants. Their most notable impact, however, is in oncology, where they serve as powerful chemotherapeutic agents. \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. has a long-standing role in traditional medicine, especially in Europe, where it was used for centuries as a folk remedy for diabetes. It\u0026rsquo;s enduring use highlights it\u0026rsquo;s importance and value in natural and herbal healing practices [7]. These diverse uses reflect its widespread therapeutic significance across cultures [8].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULT","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganoleptic Evaluation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1:Organoleptic properties of dried powderof whole plant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSerial number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParameters\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 308px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBlumealacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColour\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGreenish Brown\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGreen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOdour\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBitter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBitter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative Evaluation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Colour, Nature and % Yield of Whole Plant Extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumealacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"620\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSL NO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCOLOUR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNATURE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 394px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;PERCENTAGE OF YIELD (% Weight/Weight)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCOLD MACERATION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSOXHLATION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eULTRA SOUND SONICATION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDARK GREEN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMOOTH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Result of Physicochemical Evaluation of Whole Plant Extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC [\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig 5]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"745\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSL NO \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHYTOCONSTITUTES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTEST PROCEDURE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 313px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; OBSERVATION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALKALOIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDragendorff\u0026rsquo;s test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCOLD MACERATION EXTRACT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSOXHLATION EXTRACT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMayer\u0026rsquo;s \u0026nbsp;test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWagner\u0026rsquo;s \u0026nbsp;test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHager\u0026rsquo;s \u0026nbsp;test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCARBOHYDRATES\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolisch\u0026rsquo;s test\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBarfoed\u0026rsquo;s reagent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTANNINS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFerric chloride test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSTARCH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIodine test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSTEROIDS AND TRITERPENOIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiebermann-Burchard test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSalkowski test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCARDIAC GLYCOSIDES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBaljet\u0026rsquo;s test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegal\u0026rsquo;s test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePROTEINS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXanthoproteic test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiuret test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e_\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(+) present, (-) absent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibacterial Effect of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this experiment the cork borer method was used to determine the\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;in-vitro\u003c/em\u003e comparative antibacterial activity for whole plant extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don.. It was observed that\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Escherichia Coli\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC-8739) was sensitive against 100 mg/litre of whole plant extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC and \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. [Fig 6].\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIt was also observed that\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(ATCC-6538) and\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Salmonella abony\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(NCTC-6017) were sensitive against 100 mg/litre of whole plant extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumealacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC though\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Catharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. was inefficient to prevent their growth.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Sensitivity Test of Bacterial Strain against Plant extract\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"594\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSL NO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacteria used\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDose applied\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInhibition zone diameter for\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOxytetracycline Hydrochloride\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(millimetre)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInhibition zone diameter for\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eBlumealacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Burm.f.) DC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(millimetre)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInhibition zone diameter for\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(L.) G. Don.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(millimetre)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(ATCC-8739)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eaureus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(ATCC-6538)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePseudomonas\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eaeruginosa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(ATCC-9027)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eabony\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(NCTC-6017)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH=\u003c/strong\u003e100 milligram /litre, \u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e=50 milligram /litre\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5: \u003cem\u003eIn-vitro\u003c/em\u003e comparative antibacterial activity against a standard antibiotic Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride for whole plant extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. was evaluated using Anova: Single Factor where was no significant difference (p\u0026lt;0.05)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"0\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnova: Single Factor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSUMMARY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGroups\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCount\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariance\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColumn 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.41071429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColumn 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.14285714\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColumn 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSource of Variation\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edf\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF crit\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween Groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e441.5833333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220.7916667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.990063015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001511640732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.466800112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithin Groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e515.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.55952381\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e957.3333333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eNature is a rich source of medicinal plants with huge variety. In the field of pharmacy, plant derived antibacterial agents are very potential. Plant derived antibacterial agents are generally different types of secondary metabolites which may disrupt bacterial cell walls, inhibit enzymes, or interfere with microbial metabolism [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany previous studies concluded that extraction of plants with organic solvent is most efficient than other solvents to extract out maximum secondary metabolites which are mainly acts as antibacterial components of plants. Specially to extract aromatic and saturated organic constituents, ethanol, methanol or other organic solvents are essential [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Due to this reason in this experiment methanol was choosed as solvent in all kind of traditional and modern method of extractions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtraction of phytoconstituents from medicinal plant is very demanding part in the field of pharmacognosy. To extract different metabolites from different parts of plant or whole plant, varieties of extraction techniques are used. The results of those extractions are very important in the field of pharmaceutical research work. Always it\u0026rsquo;s an initial step of photochemistry to choose the right method of extraction for desired outcomes. Competent extraction technique should that are simple, economic, environment friendly, faster process to achieve maximum yield within short time without deviation any therapeutic effects [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Here in case of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. maximum extract was obtained by Soxhlation of whole plant with restoration of its antibacterial effectivity [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] but maximum phytoconstituents were extracted by ultrasound assisted sonication within very short time [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAntibacterial agents which remain present into the plants can be lost by continuous heating process during extraction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. But in this experiment Soxhlet extract was selected to study the antibacterial effectivity of extract. The result of that experiment proved that the antibacterial effectivity may not completely abolish in spite of continuous heating.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere the experiment significantly provide an information about \u003cem\u003ein-vitro\u003c/em\u003e antibacterial effectivity of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC., an medicinally important traditional plant with respect to another medicinally important plant \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don. In this experiment \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. showed inhibited zone against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria but in the other hand \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don. showed effectivity only against gram negative bacteria [Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Even the zone of inhibition of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. was more than \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don. [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this experiment the results of the three distinct extraction techniques included traditional and modern method of extraction with whole plant of\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Blumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC., \u0026nbsp;were compared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which showed that the colour and percentage of yield along with extracted phytoconstituents were varied. Investigating the synergistic potential with broad spectrum antibiotics may also offer a new avenue to utilize it\u0026rsquo;s antibacterial efficacy. The assessment of the antibacterial activities of\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don.\u0026nbsp;against various pathogenic bacteria revealed notable efficiency of\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.than\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. with particular concentration.\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.\u0026nbsp;demonstrated particularly robust inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, due to the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids etcetera which were observed as present in phytochemical screening. As in this experiment\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.\u0026nbsp;showed greater antibacterial efficiency, evidenced by it\u0026rsquo;s larger zones of inhibition compared to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don., positioned it as a promising candidate in novel antibacterial drug development. These results emphasize the importance of thoroughly exploring and standardizing traditional medicinal plant like\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.\u0026nbsp;to ensure consistent and safe therapeutic applications. Overall, this study contributes significantly to phytomedicine by confirming the more antibacterial promise\u0026nbsp;of\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Blumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don..\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAim\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study is aimed to compare the traditional and modern methods of extraction of whole plant of\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. to detect the suitable technique to extract specific phytoconstituents and detect it\u0026rsquo;s \u003cem\u003ein-vitro\u003c/em\u003e antibacterial effect of whole plant extract with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don. which will be effective in the development of new era of antibacterial medicines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign and setting of the study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll required chemicals and glass apparatus were used in this experiment from Pharmacognosy and Microbiology Laboratory of PG Institute of Medical Sciences,Chandrakona Town,\u0026nbsp;West Midnapore, West Bengal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample collection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.often known as Blumea or \u0026ldquo;Blumea plants\u0026rdquo;, belong to the family Asteraceae. These plants are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions including roadsides and disturbed lands. Here the source of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.was roadside environment of \u0026nbsp; Chandrokona Town, West Midnapore, West Bengal . \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don also known as Periwinkle, belong to the family Apocynaceae. These plants are commonly found in roadsides, in shaded woods, and in disturbed, well-drained ground. Here the source of \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don was the herbal garden of PG Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandrokona Town, West Midnapore, West Bengal . The authentication was proceeded by the help of Botanical Garden, Shibpur, Howrah. During authentication \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. was considered under Specimen number PGIMS/BBK-01 and \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. was considered under Specimen number PGIMS/BBK-02.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtraction procedure:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAt first collect the whole plant of \u003cem\u003eBlumea\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003elacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. and \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G..\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThoroughly washed the whole plant with tap water and then with distilled water to remove all type of dirts and impurities.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAfter cleaning all parts of the plants were cut into small pieces by used a sharp knife.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThen dried the whole plant into a hot air oven under 60 degree centigrade constant temperature for 24 hours [13].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAfter that completely dried plant were crushed by used a mortar pestle to produce a fine powder and proceeded for extraction.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCold maceration\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[14]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTook 40 gram of dried powder of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.in a round bottom flask and proceeded for the method of cold maceration for 24 hours where 400 ml of methanol was used as solvent.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAfter 24 hours filtered the mixture and collected the filtrate.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe marc were again proceeded for extraction as previous and repeated the process for 5 days until the menstruum became colourless.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAfter completion of the cold maceration process, combined the filtrate and proceeded for the solvent evaporation method at below 50 degree centigrade temperature.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAs a result collected a viscous semisolid mass.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe collected residue were kept in a desiccator for further study.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltrasound assisted extraction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[15]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTook 40 gram of dried powder of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.in a conical flask and proceeded for Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for 30 minutes where methanol was used as solvent for extraction.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAfter successful extraction the mixture was filtered and collected the filtrate.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThen proceeded for the solvent evaporation method at below 50 degree centigrade temperature.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAs a result collected a viscous semisolid mass.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe collected residue were kept in a desiccator for further study.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoxhlet extraction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[16]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTook 40 gram of dried powder of \u003cem\u003eBlumea\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003elacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC. and \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. separately into two thimbles and the thimbles were kept into the soxhlet chamber for extraction at below 50 degree centigrade temperature where methanol was used as solvent for extraction.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAfter 8 hours of successful extraction the solvent was proceeded for the solvent evaporation method at below 50 degree centigrade temperature.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAs a result collected a viscous semisolid mass.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe collected residue were dried in a desiccator for further study.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eof \u003cem\u003eBlumea\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003elacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm.f.) DC.:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6: Phytochemical screening of different extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumealacera\u003c/em\u003e whole plant\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[17]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"745\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSL NO \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHYTOCONSTITUTES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTEST PROCEDURE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 313px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; OBSERVATION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALKALOIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDragendorff\u0026rsquo;s test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCOLD MACERATION EXTRACT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSOXHLATION EXTRACT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaddish brown precipitate \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaddish brown precipitate was\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaddish brown precipitate was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMayer\u0026rsquo;s \u0026nbsp;test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWagner\u0026rsquo;s \u0026nbsp;test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaddish brown colour was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaddish brown colour was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaddish brown colour was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHager\u0026rsquo;s \u0026nbsp;test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYellow colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYellow colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYellow colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCARBOHYDRATES\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolisch\u0026rsquo;s test\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo ring was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eViolet ring \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eViolet ring \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBarfoed\u0026rsquo;s reagent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBrick red precipitate was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTANNINS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFerric chloride test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSTARCH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIodine test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour \u0026nbsp;was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSTEROIDS AND TRITERPENOIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiebermann-Burchard test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo ring was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBrown ring was formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBrown ring was formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSalkowski test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo ring wasfound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRed colour \u0026nbsp;ring was formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno ring was found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCARDIAC GLYCOSIDES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBaljet\u0026rsquo;s test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrange colour formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrange colour formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrange colour formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegal\u0026rsquo;s test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlood red colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlood red colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePROTEINS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXanthoproteic test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYellow colour formed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiuret test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo colour found\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy of Comparative Antibacterial Activity of Soxhlate Extract\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[18]\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere crock borer method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of Soxhlate extract of whole plant of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm. f.) DC. with respect to whole plant of \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don.. Here the antibiotic assay media number 1 containing petridishes were aseptically inoculated with \u003cem\u003eEscherichia Coli\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC-8739), \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(ATCC-6538), \u003cem\u003eSalmonella abony\u003c/em\u003e (NCTC-6017) and \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(ATCC-9027) separately. Then 100 micro litters of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride (Standard) with concentrations 100 mg/litre which was considered as higher dose (H) and 50 mg/litre which was considered as lower dose (L)were respectively inoculated aseptically into the left hand side bores of culture media. In the same manner 100 \u0026mu;lt of whole plant extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Burm. f.) DC. and \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L.) G. Don.with concentrations 100 mg/litre which was considered as higher dose (H) and 50 mg/litre which was considered as lower dose (L)were respectively \u0026nbsp;inoculated aseptically into the right hand side bores of culture media into separate petridishes. In all dilution of standard and sample, methanol was used as solvent.After successful inoculation the petridishes were incubated at 37\u0026deg;C for 5 days. The sensitivity of a particular strain to as specific extract is determined by the diameter of the inhibited zone in the petridish in respect to blank, was recorded.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003emg\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMilligram\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u0026micro;lt\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMicro litter\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e℃\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDegree centigrade\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMASYUDI M, Hanafiah M, RINIDAR R, Usman S, \u0026nbsp;MARLINA M (2022) Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 23(3)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVan Van D, Tra N. T, Le Ngoc Quynh Giao D.A, Son N. V. N. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ATIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Blumea densiflora var. hookeri (CB Clarke ex Hook. f.) CC Chang \u0026amp; YQ Tseng LEAVES.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRao A. M (2021) In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Blumea lacera leaf extract. Journal of Biotech Research\u0026nbsp;12\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKhair A, Ibrahim M, Ahsan Q, Homa Z, Kuddus M. R, Rashid R. B, Rashid M. A (2014) Pharmacological activities of Blumea lacera (Burm. f) DC: a medicinal plant of Bangladesh. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research\u0026nbsp;4(13) : 1677\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKhandekar U, Tippat S, Hongade R (2013) Investigation on antioxidant, anti-microbial and phytochemical profile of Blumea lacera leaf. Int J Biol Pharm Res\u0026nbsp;4(11) : 756-761\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatil P. J, Ghosh J. S (2010) Antimicrobial activity of Catharanthus roseus\u0026ndash;a detailed study. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology\u0026nbsp;1(1) : 40-44\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAslam J, Khan S. H, Siddiqui Z. H, Fatima Z, Maqsood M, Bhat M. A, Sharma M. P (2010) Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. An important drug: it\u0026rsquo;s applications and production. Pharmacie Globale (IJCP)\u0026nbsp;4(12): 1-16\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGovindasamy C, Srinivasan R (2012) In vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G. Don. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(1): S155-S158\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eReichling J (2010) Plant‐microbe interactions and secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Annual plant reviews volume 39: Functions and biotechnology of plant secondary metabolites 39: 214-347\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFelix G, Soto-Robles C. A, Nava E, Lugo-Medina E (2021) Principal metabolites in extracts of different plants responsible for antibacterial effects. Chemical Research in Toxicology 34(9) : 1970-1983\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShrivastav G, Prava Jyoti T, Chandel S, Singh R (2024) Eco-friendly extraction: innovations, principles, and comparison with traditional methods. Separation \u0026amp; Purification Reviews 1-17\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNortjie E, Basitere M, Moyo D, Nyamukamba P (2022) Extraction methods, quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening of medicinal plants for antimicrobial textiles: a review. Plants\u0026nbsp;11(15): 2011\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAltemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson D. G, Lightfoot D. A (2017) Phytochemicals: Extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants\u0026nbsp;6(4) : 42\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAleixandre-Tudo J. L, du Toit W (2018) Cold maceration application in red wine production and its effects on phenolic compounds: A review. Lwt 95: 200-208\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTiwari B. K (2015) Ultrasound: A clean, green extraction technology. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry\u0026nbsp;71: 100-109\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eL\u0026oacute;pez-Basc\u0026oacute;n M. A, De Castro M. L (2020) Soxhlet extraction. In Liquid-phase extraction. Elsevier pp. 327-354\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShaikh J. R, \u0026nbsp;Patil M (2020) Qualitative tests for preliminary phytochemical screening: An overview. International journal of chemical studies 8(2): 603-608\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEloff, J. N (1998) A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta medica 64(08): 711-713\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"PG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Soxhlation, Cold Maceration,Ultrasound assisted Sonication, Pathogenic bacteria , Extract, Phytoconstituents ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7117171/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7117171/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere the experiment was performed with two medicinally important traditional plants extracts like \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. And \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don.. Three distinct extraction procedure like cold maceration, ultra sound sonication and soxhlation were used for extraction of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. and compared the variation of phytoconstituents extracted through those traditional and modern methods of extraction. Also there were a systematic examination of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. extract effectivity against a diverse range of pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative, with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don.extract.These analysis highlighting the potency of traditional medicinal plants as sources of novel antibacterial agents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximum greenish brown extract was obtained by Soxhlation of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. whole plant that was 8.8% but maximum phytoconstituents were extracted by ultrasound assisted sonication. It was observed that antibacterial activity of 100 mg/litre of whole plant Soxhlate extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC.was more than \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don. against \u003cem\u003eEscherichia Coli\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC-8739). Again whole plant extract of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. 100mg/litre was effective against \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC-6538) and \u003cem\u003eSalmonella abony\u003c/em\u003e (NCTC-6017) and 50 mg/litre was also effective against \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC-6538) where \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don. extract was ineffective.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study validates the most efficient extraction technique of \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC. to get specific phytoconstituents and notable antibacterial efficacy with specific concentrations against specific pathogenic bacteria with respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don. This study showed that the quality and quantity of yield of each extraction technique derived extract may varied. Here the highest yield was obtained by soxhlation and lowest yield was obtained by cold maceration technique. With respect to \u003cem\u003eCatharanthus roseus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) G. Don., \u003cem\u003eBlumea lacera\u003c/em\u003e (Burm.f.) DC.was more effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, due to it’s large number of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids etcetera. These findings highlight the need to choose specific plant extracts with specific concentrations to target particular pathogens effectively.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Comparative Evaluation of Cold Maceration, Soxhlation and Ultra Sound Assisted Extraction for Phytochemical Screening of Whole Plnt of Blumea Lacera(Burm.f.) Dc. Along With It’s Antibacterial Effect With Respect to Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-17 05:38:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7117171/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1d9a48ab-f0ab-44d0-909a-72864e08272c","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":51664517,"name":"Applied \u0026 Industrial Microbiology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-17T05:38:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-17 05:38:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7117171","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7117171","identity":"rs-7117171","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}