Characteristics of crack extension and fracture mechanism of parallel-fissured sandstone

Characteristics of crack extension and fracture mechanism of parallel-fissured sandstone | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Characteristics of crack extension and fracture mechanism of parallel-fissured sandstone Fengpu Liu, Baoxin Jia, Zhiyang Zhou, Haiyang Xie This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6121221/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract It is of great significance to study the fracture mechanism of defect-bearing rocks. Through the uniaxial compression test and discrete element numerical simulation on the fixed inclination parallel-fissured sandstone, the mechanical properties, fracture mechanism and acoustic emission full dynamic time-varying evolution law of sandstone with different fissure spacing and fissure number are investigated with the help of acoustic emission multi-signal characteristics. The results show that: There is an obvious correlation between the number of fissures and elastic modulus, and no obvious correlation with strength. There is no obvious correlation between the fissure spacing and elastic modulus and peak strength. The prefabricated fissure spacing determines the basic aggregation type of cracks, and the number of prefabricated fissures mainly affects the diversity of the aggregation type of cracks. Spalling damage mainly occurs at the middle position of through-bridge shear cracks, and plate crack damage mainly occurs at the position on both sides of the specimen. Through-bridge shear cracks are a common type of cracks in specimens containing parallel fissures, which influence the initiation location of the main shear crack and the damage mechanism of the specimen, and affect the overall strength of the specimen by changing the local narrowest width of the "column" structure. There is a mutual excitation between the tension and shear cracks, and each sudden increase in the shear-tension crack ratio corresponds to a macroscopic rupture of the specimen. The acoustic emission multifractal dimension describes the complexity of the signals more finely, and the sudden increase and decrease of the time-varying multifractal parameters Δα and Δf(α) can be used as a short-range prediction signal for the occurrence of disasters. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Fracture mechanisms Parallel-fissured sandstone Discrete elements Agglomeration types Through-bridge shear cracks Time-varying multifractals Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Mar, 2025 Editor invited by journal 04 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 27 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6121221","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":423222380,"identity":"aff37fd7-d9d6-4cbb-be88-6f1129b4f24f","order_by":0,"name":"Fengpu Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fengpu","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":423222381,"identity":"458bc02c-c2c8-462b-a3d9-4216afa803bf","order_by":1,"name":"Baoxin Jia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxhlA4oOBBA8bM/OBAx8qiNTCOKPAQo6PvS3x4IwzxFgjwcDAzPOhwliO54zxYd4WInQwz+4xYJxhIJHYJpHz4QBvA4M8v9gBAg6bcywB5BegltwNByR3MBjOnJ1AyC/JB6C2ALUYnmFIMLhNUEtiAzMPxGEPDiS2EaUl+QBIizEbzxmGAweJ0gL0C8hhcmzsbQYHG85IEPaLITDEGD78qeORb2Z+/PlPhY08vzQhLQ0M7D+Q+BL4lYOAPGElo2AUjIJRMOIBANe3RmvBDXWoAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Baoxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Jia","suffix":""},{"id":423222382,"identity":"c5abec6f-e443-4329-b51d-a12c3a95a598","order_by":2,"name":"Zhiyang Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhiyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":423222383,"identity":"84c50271-b42d-4120-8a65-494cb04775c0","order_by":3,"name":"Haiyang Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haiyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-27 13:08:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6121221/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6121221/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98603-x","type":"published","date":"2025-04-24T15:58:09+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81569717,"identity":"f176837f-9434-4814-be01-9ca59d07600c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-28 16:10:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3283025,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Artical.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6121221/v1_covered_948f08e2-c680-4ef6-8064-c48518217852.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Characteristics of crack extension and fracture mechanism of parallel-fissured sandstone","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fracture mechanisms, Parallel-fissured sandstone, Discrete elements, Agglomeration types, Through-bridge shear cracks, Time-varying multifractals","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6121221/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6121221/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"It is of great significance to study the fracture mechanism of defect-bearing rocks. Through the uniaxial compression test and discrete element numerical simulation on the fixed inclination parallel-fissured sandstone, the mechanical properties, fracture mechanism and acoustic emission full dynamic time-varying evolution law of sandstone with different fissure spacing and fissure number are investigated with the help of acoustic emission multi-signal characteristics. The results show that: There is an obvious correlation between the number of fissures and elastic modulus, and no obvious correlation with strength. There is no obvious correlation between the fissure spacing and elastic modulus and peak strength. The prefabricated fissure spacing determines the basic aggregation type of cracks, and the number of prefabricated fissures mainly affects the diversity of the aggregation type of cracks. Spalling damage mainly occurs at the middle position of through-bridge shear cracks, and plate crack damage mainly occurs at the position on both sides of the specimen. Through-bridge shear cracks are a common type of cracks in specimens containing parallel fissures, which influence the initiation location of the main shear crack and the damage mechanism of the specimen, and affect the overall strength of the specimen by changing the local narrowest width of the \"column\" structure. There is a mutual excitation between the tension and shear cracks, and each sudden increase in the shear-tension crack ratio corresponds to a macroscopic rupture of the specimen. The acoustic emission multifractal dimension describes the complexity of the signals more finely, and the sudden increase and decrease of the time-varying multifractal parameters Δα and Δf(α) can be used as a short-range prediction signal for the occurrence of disasters.","manuscriptTitle":"Characteristics of crack extension and fracture mechanism of parallel-fissured sandstone","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-04 11:16:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6121221/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-03-24T06:44:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-22T10:27:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-19T01:01:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"10195028217435232191100118293384994290","date":"2025-03-13T02:44:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"246100883528731254250278763188955029009","date":"2025-03-13T02:33:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-13T02:30:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-11T05:30:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-05T02:59:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-03T08:31:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-02-27T12:56:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9a16dae7-6601-4382-866e-2282f3d24510","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":45101659,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":45101660,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"},{"id":45101661,"name":"Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-28T16:03:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6121221","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98603-x","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-04-24 15:58:09","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 24th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-04 11:16:53","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-98603-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98603-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6121221","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6121221","identity":"rs-6121221","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}