Competition in the Segregation Mechanism of Granular Flow within a 2D Rotating Drum Based on Magnetic Positioning Technology

Competition in the Segregation Mechanism of Granular Flow within a 2D Rotating Drum Based on Magnetic Positioning Technology | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Competition in the Segregation Mechanism of Granular Flow within a 2D Rotating Drum Based on Magnetic Positioning Technology Rong Pan, Zhi-peng Chi, Yi-ming Li, Ran Li, Hui Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7907003/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Particle segregation is an inevitable stage in the disaster processes of geological hazards such as debris flows. Influenced by multiple factors including size, density, and macroscopic flow velocity, varying degrees of competition exist within its microscopic motion mechanisms. To precisely observe these mechanisms in granular flow, this paper designs a high-precision magnetic array positioning system based on magnetic dipole theory, enabling dynamic tracking of magnetic bead trajectories within a three-dimensional system. By integrating particle swarm optimization and gradient-based local optimization algorithms, the system achieves a dynamic positioning accuracy ranging from ± 0.5 mm to ± 2 mm and improves trajectory continuity to 99%, accomplishing complete reconstruction of magnetic bead paths in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating drum. The Froude number is applied to quantify the competition among segregation mechanisms governed by inertial, gravitational, and contact forces across different rotational speed stages. Trajectory analysis reveals that differences in density and flow velocity alter the motion mechanisms of intruder particles. Specifically, the motion of intruder particles evolves through three characteristic phases with varying Froude numbers: gravity-dominated, collision-diffusion transition, and centrifugal diffusion. Each phase exhibits distinct dominant forces in the flow field and particle kinematic properties, showing varying trends influenced by surrounding particles of different densities. These findings provide both data support and mechanistic explanations for research on the disaster mechanisms and prediction of geological hazards such as landslides and debris flows. Rotating Drum Magnetic Positioning Particle Segregation Trajectory Reconstruction Competition Mechanism Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7907003","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":541973959,"identity":"e627e2d0-22e4-4ed3-ac0f-95e6a923b262","order_by":0,"name":"Rong Pan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rong","middleName":"","lastName":"Pan","suffix":""},{"id":541973960,"identity":"3a8e8367-7c48-4f39-b7b5-1c3f8f90752d","order_by":1,"name":"Zhi-peng Chi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Shanghai for Science and 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Technology","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rotating Drum, Magnetic Positioning, Particle Segregation, Trajectory Reconstruction, Competition 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Influenced by multiple factors including size, density, and macroscopic flow velocity, varying degrees of competition exist within its microscopic motion mechanisms. To precisely observe these mechanisms in granular flow, this paper designs a high-precision magnetic array positioning system based on magnetic dipole theory, enabling dynamic tracking of magnetic bead trajectories within a three-dimensional system. By integrating particle swarm optimization and gradient-based local optimization algorithms, the system achieves a dynamic positioning accuracy ranging from \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 mm to \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2 mm and improves trajectory continuity to 99%, accomplishing complete reconstruction of magnetic bead paths in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating drum. The Froude number is applied to quantify the competition among segregation mechanisms governed by inertial, gravitational, and contact forces across different rotational speed stages. Trajectory analysis reveals that differences in density and flow velocity alter the motion mechanisms of intruder particles. Specifically, the motion of intruder particles evolves through three characteristic phases with varying Froude numbers: gravity-dominated, collision-diffusion transition, and centrifugal diffusion. Each phase exhibits distinct dominant forces in the flow field and particle kinematic properties, showing varying trends influenced by surrounding particles of different densities. These findings provide both data support and mechanistic explanations for research on the disaster mechanisms and prediction of geological hazards such as landslides and debris flows.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Competition in the Segregation Mechanism of Granular Flow within a 2D Rotating Drum Based on Magnetic Positioning Technology","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-10 03:39:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7907003/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7b69be72-720a-458c-8cf7-6f8bbaed399b","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-19T11:03:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-10 03:39:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7907003","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7907003","identity":"rs-7907003","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}