Probabilistic adequacy constrained planning of offshore MMC-HVDC-based wind power systems: a reliability and O&M cost-based approach

Probabilistic adequacy constrained planning of offshore MMC-HVDC-based wind power systems: a reliability and O&M cost-based approach | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 24 February 2026 V1 Latest version Share on Probabilistic adequacy constrained planning of offshore MMC-HVDC-based wind power systems: a reliability and O&M cost-based approach Authors : Fernando Ivan Canales Verdial 0009-0009-6229-3041 [email protected] , Miad Ahmadi 0000-0001-9736-7463 , Aditya Shekhar , and Jose Rueda Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.177192557.79097106/v1 125 views 80 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Modern power systems face the dual challenges of power electronic component failures and the intermittency of renewable sources. This paper presents a planning methodology for offshore MMC-HVDC-based wind power systems, using a bottom-up approach that links component-level to system-level performance. The modelling framework enables direct evaluation of component influence on overall system availability with particular focus on wind turbines and MMC components. This level of detail is integrated with O&M cost considerations to optimise converter asset management and offshore wind capacity planning, resulting in an adequacy-constrained, O&M cost-minimised planning framework, showcased in an IEEE RTS-24 system. The analysis reveals, at the component level, a 0.86\% greater downtime-related capacity factor loss in geared versus direct-driven turbines, and a 23.96% sensitivity in the availability of a 525 kV DC transmission end to MMC redundancy and maintenance. At the system level, it highlights nonlinear and converging trends in reliability and O&M costs with offshore wind penetration, as well as the significant influence of MMC asset management on overall O&M expenditures. Ultimately, the method guides the substitution of conventional generation with offshore wind, enhancing both the robustness and cost-efficiency of renewable energy integration. Supplementary Material File (main.tex) Download 56.79 KB File (probabilistic_adequacy_constrained_planning_paper_final.pdf) Download 1.63 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 24 February 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords hvdc power convertors markov processes offshore installations power generation planning power generation reliability power system planning power system reliability power transmission reliability wind power Authors Affiliations Fernando Ivan Canales Verdial 0009-0009-6229-3041 [email protected] TU Delft View all articles by this author Miad Ahmadi 0000-0001-9736-7463 TU Delft View all articles by this author Aditya Shekhar TU Delft View all articles by this author Jose Rueda TU Delft View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 125 views 80 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Fernando Ivan Canales Verdial, Miad Ahmadi, Aditya Shekhar, et al. Probabilistic adequacy constrained planning of offshore MMC-HVDC-based wind power systems: a reliability and O&M cost-based approach. Authorea . 24 February 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.177192557.79097106/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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