Brain structure in Triple X syndrome: Regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype

Brain structure in Triple X syndrome: Regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Brain structure in Triple X syndrome: Regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype Gregor Domes, Marie-Anne Croyé, Petra Freilinger, Andreas Bohlscheid, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5181010/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Changes in the brain structure of women with Triple X syndrome (karyotype 47,XXX) have been described in a few studies to date, including reduced total brain volume and regional reductions in gray substance in cortical and subcortical areas. Methods Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM), we investigated regional gray matter changes in a sample of n = 20 adult women with 47,XXX karyotype using T1-weighted 3T MRI scans. Results Compared to an age- and education-matched control group, the VBM revealed decreased regional gray matter volumes in the hippocampus, amygdala, parts of the basal ganglia, insula, prefrontal areas and cerebellum. To a lesser extent, we also noted specific reductions in cortical thickness in a smaller part of those regions. Conclusion This network is significantly involved in the processing of cognitive, affective, and social stimuli and is a potential neuronal correlate of the autism-like social-cognitive problems described in 47,XXX in the literature. 47 XXX triple X syndrome trisomy X magnetic resonance imaging morphometry VBM SBM Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 1. Background Triple X syndrome (karyotype 47,XXX), also known as trisomy X, is < a sex chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by the presence of an additional X chromosome in females ( 1 ). It has an estimated prevalence of about 0.1% in female newborns ( 2 ). However, only few cases are clinically diagnosed, possibly due to the inconspicuous phenotype and lack of clinical symptoms ( 3 , 4 ). Research has identified impairment of different domains comprising motor development, speech and language, educational attainment, socio-economic status and interpersonal relationships in children and adolescents with 47,XXX ( 5 – 8 ). Notably, elevated rates of neurodevelopmental conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as associated socio-cognitive and behavioral problems have been reported ( 8 – 13 ). Individuals with 47,XXX also exhibit heightened susceptibility to (social) anxiety, depression, and psychotic disorders compared to the general population ( 13 – 15 ). In the cognitive domain, mild learning difficulties and executive function deficits are prevalent among those with 47,XXX during childhood and adolescence ( 16 , 17 ). Notably, their mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ) tends to be lower, with a leftward shift in the IQ normal curve compared to 46,XX controls, with verbal IQ (VIQ) often more affected ( 7 ). Furthermore, impairments in everyday social functioning, social cognition, and behavior have been observed in both pediatric and adult samples with 47,XXX ( 18 – 21 ). A few neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the presence of structural brain abnormalities in individuals with 47,XXX, including alterations in total brain and subcortical volumes, cortical thickness and surface area, and cortical folding in children and adolescents ( 22 – 26 ). Note that these studies (except for Lenroot et al., 2014) relied on a largely identical group of youth with a mean age of 12 years. In sum, those analyses indicate reduced total brain volume (TBV), and reductions in amygdala and hippocampus gray matter, which for the amygdala was still significant after controlling for reduced TBV ( 24 ). Consistently, in adults, an early study with 10 women revealed initial evidence for smaller amygdala volumes in 47,XXX, although this effect was not significant due to limited statistical power ( 27 ). Beyond these preliminary findings, there is only one study focusing on alterations in cortical, subcortical, and lateral ventricle volumes in an adult sample (Serrarens et al., 2022). Using T1 images acquired with an ultra-high field 7 T scanner, Serrarens and colleagues reported reduced gray matter volumes of the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, nucleus accumbens), thalamus, and hippocampus, presumably associated with enlarged lateral ventricles. In addition, reduced gray matter was detected in the superior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in 47,XXX participants compared to controls. Although cortical thickness was not specifically altered in 47,XXX, cortical thickness in some areas was associated with social cognitive functioning in 47,XXX ( 28 ). In sum, although the empirical evidence is currently very limited (see supplementary Table S1), the most consistent finding is reduced total brain volume and reduced gray matter and white matter in subcortical and cortical areas. Initial results also suggest that within group variance in subcortical and cortical structures is related to social functioning. With the present study, we aimed at replicating reported results in an independent adult sample of women with 47,XXX compared to an age- and education-matched control group. In extending the earlier studies, we took a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to more precisely localize gray volumetric alterations in 47,XXX and used surface-based morphometry (SBM) to discern potential local alterations in cortical thickness. Finally, we explored potential associations with self-reported traits related to social cognition and psychopathology. Based on the evidence presented above both related to the previous structural imaging studies and phenomenological similarities with ASD, we expected to observe GM volume reductions and reduced cortisol thickness in amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus, as well as decreased total brain volume and enlarged ventricles. We exploratively tested associations between regional brain volumes and different self-report measures in the social-cognitive domain such as empathy, autistic traits, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. 2. Methods 2.1 Participants Women with a 47,XXX karyotype were recruited via a German Triplo-X support group, specialists in human genetics, and social media. They were included on the basis of a confirmed 47,XXX karyotype. Age-, education-matched controls were recruited via flyers, digital newsletters and local advertising. Participants in both groups were only included if they were 18 years of age or older and spoke the German language at native speaker level. Participants with a history of traumatic brain injury, neurological damage, current intake of psychoactive drugs, magnetic implants in their body, claustrophobia, or pregnancy were excluded from the study. The recruitment took place between 2021 and 2023. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the state medical association Rhineland-Palatinate (#2022–16572). Participants gave written-informed consent before participation. All participants were compensated for their participation and any travel expenses were reimbursed. 2.2. Psychological assessment General intellectual abilities (IQ) were measured with the Culture Fair Test 20 (CFT-20) revised version. The CFT 20-R measures the general intellectual level (basic intelligence) in terms of Cattell's "General Fluid Ability". We used part 1 of the German CFT-20-R ( 29 ) containing 56 items in four subtests (series continuation, classifications, matrices and topological reasoning). Test-retest reliability for the subtest is r tt = .80 and the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) is α = .94. Raw scores were transformed based on the IQ norms provided in the 2nd edition. Verbal intelligence was estimated via a vocabulary test (WST) ( 30 ) designed to measure verbal abilities. The WST consists of 40-word recognition items, each containing one target word and five distractors. The split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown) is r = .95, the internal consistency is α = .94. Raw scores were transformed based on the IQ norms provided by Schmidt and Metzler (1992). A short version of the Autism Quotient, the AQ-k ( 31 ) was used to assess traits related to the autism spectrum. The German short version of the original AQ ( 32 ) comprises 33 items rated on 4-point Likert scales and analyzed in dichotomized form, resulting in total scores between 0 and 33 points. The AQ-k has acceptable reliability (internal consistency for the subscales: α = .65 − .87 and for the total score α = .79) and has been shown to validly distinguish between individuals on the autism spectrum and typically developing individuals ( 31 ). The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) ( 33 ) contains 28 items and measures four traits related to empathy: perspective taking (the tendency to adopt others' viewpoints), fantasy (the tendency to identify with fictional characters in books, movies, and plays), empathic concern (feelings of compassion and concern for others), and personal distress (feelings of discomfort and anxiety in response to others' distress). For the present analysis, we calculated total scores summing up the scales perspective taking, fantasy, and empathic concern ( 34 ). The internal consistency for the subscales is acceptable and varies between α = .68 − .79. Levels of trait anxiety were assessed with the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) ( 35 ). The trait scale of the STAI assesses individual differences in the tendency to experience and show fear reactions based on 20 items (4-point Likert-scale). The internal consistency is α = .90 and the test-retest reliability has been estimated at r tt = .67 − .90. The Beck-Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms ( 36 ). Containing 21 items, the BDI assesses the severity of a depression based on the clinical symptoms according to DSM and ICD. The internal consistency has been estimated at approx. α = .90 in different samples and the test-retest reliability r tt = .78 in a community sample. 2.3. Magnetic resonance imaging T1-weighted images were acquired on a 3T Philips Ingenia Elition X equipped with a 15-channel head coil. Sagittal images covering the whole head were acquired with an 3D MPRAGE sequence with the following parameters: 208 sagittal slices (256 x 256 in-plane resolution), 1 mm isotropic voxels, flip angle = 8°, TR = 5.22 ms, TE = 2.36 ms. Total scan duration was approx. 6:30 min. 2.4 Morphometric analysis We applied four different analyses pipelines to the structural images: (a) Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis focusing on voxel-wise gray matter volume differences, (b) a respective region-based analysis focusing on regional gray matter volume (i.e., a voxel-based ROI analysis), (c) a surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis focusing on point-wise cortical thickness, and (d) a corresponding region-based analysis focusing on regional cortical thickness (i.e., a surface-based ROI analysis). Processing of images , For further analyses, T1 images were spatially preprocessed and segmented with the Computational Anatomic Toolbox (CAT12.9, 2550; ,37) implemented in Statistic Parametric Mapping (SPM12, 7771; https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/ ) running on Matlab (R2018a). In a first step, T1 images were normalized and segmented into gray matter, white matter, and CSF by using the probability maps as priors provided within CAT12. As a result of segmentation, bias, noise and global intensity corrected, modulated and normalized gray and white matter images were written for regional volumetric analysis. For quality control, we calculated deviations in individual gray matter image intensities from the global mean. Those images deviating from the mean with > 1.5 IQR were visually inspected for artefacts (n = 3). None of the scans had to be excluded, as all scans were of good data quality. Images were then smoothed with a 3D Gaussian kernel of 6 mm FWHM for VBM, and with a kernel of 20 mm FWHM for SBM. We also calculated individual total intracranial volumes (TIV) to be included as a covariate in the general linear model for group comparison of regional gray matter volumes. Voxel-based morphometry. For group comparison of VBM regional gray matter volume, we set up a GLM with one factor (group) and age and TIV as covariates. After estimation, two contrasts were defined to test for regional gray matter volume decrease vs. increase in the 47,XXX group. The resulting t-maps were written with at a peak-voxel threshold of p < .05 with a family-wise error (FWE) correction based on random field theory ( 38 ). Automatic anatomical labelling (AAL3v1) was used to label peak voxels in cortical and subcortical regions ( 39 ). The VBM outcomes were overlaid onto coronal sections of MNI152 average template using MRIcroGL (v1.2; 40). Voxel-based ROI-analysis. The voxel-based ROI analysis used the Neuromorphometrics atlas ( http://neuromorphometrics.com/ ) to calculate regional gray matter volumes. Results were tested for significance with an FDR-corrected threshold of p < .05 and projected on the Freesurfer average template ( https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/ ) within CAT12. Surface-based morphometry. Surface data to estimate regional cortical thickness were written during segmentation within CAT12, see above. Similar to the VBM analysis, we set up a GLM with group as the only factor, but without controlling for TIV. After estimation, again two contrasts were defined to test for group differences in regional cortical thickness. The resulting t-maps were thresholded at p < .05 (FWE-corrected) and at an exploratory threshold of p < .001 (uncorrected). Surface-based ROI analysis. The surface-based ROI analysis employed the DK40 atlas ( 41 ) to calculate regional cortical thickness for predefined ROIs. Those results were projected on the Freesurfer average template ( https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/ ) with a Holm-Bonferroni corrected threshold of p < .05. Correlation analysis. To explore potential associations between regional GM volume and autistic and empathic traits on the one hand and anxiety/depressive symptoms on the other hand, we calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between AQ, IRI, BDI and STAI scores with regional GM volumes for bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, and cerebellum based in the voxel-based ROI analysis described above. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the two study groups separately. 3. Results 3.1 Study group characteristics Study groups did not differ significantly in age, education, general and verbal IQ, empathy, trait anxiety or depression (all p > .10) but 47,XXX exhibited more pronounced autistic traits (p < .05; Cohen’s d = 0.82) - see Table 1 . Table 1 Demographic and psychometric characteristics 47,XXX (n = 20) Controls (n = 23) Statistical Test M SD M SD t p d Age 27.4 9.2 28.7 9.5 -0.46 .650 -0.14 Education 1 10.6 3.1 11.1 1.7 -0.71 .480 -0.22 General IQ (CFT-20) 98.8 16.9 103.7 11.8 -1.10 .276 -0.34 Verbal IQ (WST) 96.2 17.3 97.4 13.4 -0.27 .792 -0.08 Autistic traits (AQ-k) 14.9 5.7 9.9 6.4 2.68 .010 0.82 Empathy (IRI) 54.1 12.7 54.7 14.2 -0.17 .869 -0.05 Anxiety (STAI-T) 47.8 10.8 44.4 10.9 1.01 .316 0.31 Depression (BDI) 16.6 9.9 12.6 8.6 1.32 .193 0.41 Notes. 1 Years in school; AQ-k: Autism Quotient – short version; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CFT-20: Culture Fair Test 20; IRI: Interpersonal Reactivity Index; STAI-T: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Trait Scale; WST: Vocabulary Test (“Wortschatztest”) 3.2. Voxel-based morphometry Total intracranial volume and ventricles. TIV was significantly lower in 47,XXX women (m = 1317, SD = 85 cm 3 ) than in controls (m = 1403, SD = 75 cm 3 ), t( 41 ) = 3.505, p < .001. In addition, the group difference in total ventricle volume approached significance after controlling for TIV (F[1,40] = 3.95, p = .054), with 47,XXX women showing slightly enlarged ventricle volumes (m = 15.3, SD = 6.5 cm 3 ) than controls (m = 13.4, SD = 4.4 cm 3 ). Gray matter volume. For the contrast (controls > 47,XXX) representing decreased GM volume in women with 47,XXX, we found significant GM volume reductions in four extended clusters comprising ( 1 ) left hippocampus, amygdala, and insula (k = 3851; x,y,z=-29, -6, -20; T = 11.29; p < .000001), ( 2 ) the bilateral cerebellum (k = 4991; x,y,z = 14, -72, -41; T = 10.43 p < .000001), ( 3 ) right amygdala (k = 892; x,y,z = 27, -6, -15;T = 9.48; p < .00001), ( 4 ) right putamen and insula (k = 1680; x,y,z,=35, 0, -3; T = 8.73; p < .0001) - see the first four clusters in Table 2 and Fig. 1 . In addition, we identified smaller, scattered clusters in the cerebellum, inferior frontal cortex, mainly in the orbitofrontal cortex, and the fusiform gyrus (see Table 2 lower part). Notably, in the reverse contrast testing for increased GM volume in the 47,XXX group compared to controls, none of the voxels were significant. Table 2 VBM GLM results for the contrast Controls > 47,XXX. Significant clusters with decreased GM volume in 47,XXX at a voxel threshold of p < .05 (FWE-corr.) Region 1 Size MNI coordinates Peak voxel mm 3 x y Z T Z p Hippocampus L 3851 -29 -6 -20 11.29 7.43 .00000007 Amygdala L -26 -3 -30 10.72 7.23 .00000033 Insula L -41 11 -9 8.70 6.41 .00005541 Cerebellum 8 R 4991 14 -72 -41 10.43 7.12 .00000070 Cerebellum Crus2 R 9 -78 -35 9.40 6.72 .00000917 Cerebellum Crus2 L -8 -75 -33 9.35 6.70 .00001023 Amygdala R 892 27 -6 -15 9.48 6.75 .00000741 Amygdala R 29 -3 -24 8.85 6.48 .00003713 Putamen R 1680 35 0 -3 8.73 6.43 .00005028 Putamen R 24 6 -8 8.25 6.21 .00017707 Insula R 38 17 -11 7.59 5.89 .00102743 Cerebellum 4 5 L 112 -15 -33 -20 8.41 6.28 .00011584 Cerebellum 4 5 L -11 -38 -14 7.34 5.76 .00200160 Cerebellum 9 L 112 -14 -44 -54 7.81 5.99 .00057612 Cerebellum 9 L -15 -50 -47 6.27 5.17 .03485522 OFC ant R 109 30 48 -20 7.75 5.96 .00067992 Vermis 10 42 5 -41 -39 7.67 5.93 .00082500 Cerebellum 9 R 299 5 -48 -65 7.65 5.92 .00087472 Cerebellum 9 R 9 -53 -48 7.39 5.78 .00174805 Cerebellum 9 R 3 -54 -71 7.09 5.62 .00399479 OFC post L 235 -23 14 -23 7.57 5.87 .00110046 OFC post L -20 23 -20 7.43 5.80 .00158340 OFC med L -15 20 -27 7.01 5.58 .00491704 Angular L 10 -48 -69 27 7.44 5.81 .00153095 OFC post R 192 26 27 -14 7.44 5.81 .00154603 OFC med R 18 23 -20 7.16 5.66 .00327685 OFC med R 17 23 -29 7.08 5.62 .00402730 Cerebellum 4 5 R 29 18 -39 -14 7.23 5.70 .00272413 Olfactory R 74 3 11 -18 7.11 5.63 .00375599 Rectus L -5 14 -26 6.30 5.18 .03214069 OFC ant R 38 35 36 -14 6.82 5.48 .00813363 Putamen R 5 30 -5 15 6.72 5.42 .01077889 Vermis 6 34 2 -59 -20 6.69 5.41 .01143050 Vermis 4 5 18 6 -56 -12 6.58 5.35 .01528066 Temporal Sup R 7 45 -20 -3 6.49 5.29 .01972271 Parahippocampal L 6 -15 6 -23 6.39 5.23 .02570057 Fusiform R 7 24 -53 -12 6.37 5.22 .02684124 Cerebellum 8 L 14 -20 -66 -45 6.31 5.19 .03189520 Temporal Inf L 5 -27 -14 -48 6.29 5.18 .03308109 Cerebellum 8 L 5 -21 -56 -56 6.28 5.17 .03395373 Frontal Inf Orb 2 R 1 21 35 -5 6.26 5.16 .03618884 Fusiform L 5 -33 -5 -42 6.26 5.15 .03657964 Caudate R 1 21 26 -8 6.22 5.13 .04003530 Insula L 4 -33 -8 12 6.22 5.13 .04031225 Cerebellum 9 L 3 -9 -51 -57 6.20 5.12 .04262440 Fusiform L 1 -20 -41 -15 6.14 5.09 .04935569 Notes. 1 Peaks are given for cluster peak voxels and local maxima within the clusters In addition to the voxel-wise analysis, region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis revealed corresponding results: We identified significant ROIs with reduced gray matter volume in (all cluster p < .05 Holm-Bonferroni-correction): Amygdala, Hippocampus, Insula, Putamen, Thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, parts of the temporal lobe, frontal cortex – see Table 3 and Fig. 2 . The strongest effects were observed in limbic areas (all p < .001), especially in the bilateral amygdala (p 47,XXX. Significant ROIs with decreased GM volume in 47,XXX (all p < .05; Holm-Bonferroni-corr.) Left hemisphere Right hemisphere Region T Z p Region T Z p Limbic Amygdala 11.47 7.50 .000001 Amygdala 7.78 5.98 .000001 Hippocampus 5.38 4.61 .000189 Hippocampus 4.41 3.94 .004718 Parahippocampal g. 6.11 5.07 .000012 Entorhinal cortex 6.58 5.34 .000005 Entorhinal cortex 5.25 4.53 .000273 Anterior insula 6.69 5.41 .000002 Anterior insula 6.62 5.37 .000003 Posterior insula 6.39 5.23 .000004 Posterior insula 5.28 4.54 .000103 Subcortical Putamen 6.59 5.39 .000005 Putamen 5.75 4.85 .000036 Ncl. Accumbens 4.56 4.05 .003110 Ventral DC 3.93 3.58 .019503 Ventral DC 5.48 4.67 .000158 Thalamus proper 3.17 2.97 .029940 Thalamus Proper 4.00 3.63 .010376 Cerebellum ext. 5.76 4.85 .000020 Cerebellum ext. 6.23 5.14 .000012 Frontal lobe Medial orbital 6.63 5.37 .000003 Medial orbital 5.75 4.85 .000047 Anterior orbital 5.27 4.54 .000014 Anterior orbital 6.16 5.10 .000003 Posterior orbital 4.45 3.97 .004015 Posterior orbital 4.90 4.29 .000018 Lateral orbital g. 3.58 3.30 .023680 Superior frontal 4.74 4.17 .000060 Superior frontal 4.02 3.65 .011879 Sup. frontal medial 4.74 4.17 .001381 Inferior frontal g. 3.56 3.28 .030884 Frontal pole 3.56 3.29 .037372 G. rectus 3.41 3.16 .018745 G. rectus 3.41 3.16 .005490 Basal forebrain 4.01 3.64 .011522 Basal forebrain 4.32 3.87 .005520 Subcallosal area 5.13 4.45 .000096 Subcallosal area 5.65 4.78 .000014 Middle cingulate 3.44 3.19 .049012 Posterior cingulate 4.09 3.70 .012901 Precentral 4.50 4.00 .002689 Precentral 4.06 3.68 .003738 Central operculum 3.55 3.28 .014029 Frontal operculum 2.91 2.75 .017958 Temporal lobe Occipital fusiform 3.70 3.40 .035047 Occipital fusiform 5.26 4.53 .000255 Fusiform 4.20 3.78 .003025 Fusiform 4.12 3.72 .007791 Inferior temporal 5.30 4.56 .000065 Inferior temporal 4.78 4.20 .001426 Superior temporal 4.08 3.69 .001235 Superior temporal 4.54 4.04 .001499 Temporal pole 4.73 4.17 .000046 Temporal pole 4.26 3.83 .001859 Planum polare 4.00 3.63 .008862 Middle temporal 3.79 3.47 .021667 Middle temporal 4.38 3.92 .000675 Lingual 4.24 3.81 .007276 Angular 4.36 3.90 .004887 Occipital lobe Inferior occipital 5.71 4.82 .000070 Inferior occipital 4.13 3.73 .001732 Middle occipital 3.85 3.51 .026919 Superior occipital 2.12 2.05 .020396 3.3 Surface-based morphometry Cortical thickness. The contrast controls > 47.XXX for point estimate of cortical thickness revealed no significant voxels at p < .05 (FWE-corr.). At a more liberal, explorative level of p < .001 (uncorr.), we detected three clusters of reduced cortical thickness in 47,XXX: left visual cortex (BA 17/18, k = 96; x,y,z=-16,-83,-14; T = 4.19; Z = 3.79; p = .000074), entorhinal cortex (BA 28; k = 46; x,y,z=-27,-4,-27; T = 4.01; Z = 3.65; p = .00014), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45; k = 49; x,y,z = 49,-11,-16; T = 3.59; Z = 3.32; p = .00045) – red clusters in Fig. 3 . The reverse contrast of increased cortical thickness in 47,XXX again revealed no significant cluster at p < .05 (FWE-corr.), but three clusters at p < .001 (uncorrected): supplementary motor area (BA 6; k = 49 ; x,y,z = 26,-21,69; T = 4.13; Z = 3.75; p = .00009), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45; k = 45; x,y,z = 39,1,4; T = 3.75; Z = 3.45; p = .00028) and right mid temporal gyrus (BA 21; k = 15; x,y,z = 54,-30,-20; T = 3.74; Z = 3.44; p = .00029) – blue clusters in Fig. 3 . The ROI-based analysis revealed two significant ROIs (Holm-Bonferroni corrected) of decreased cortical thickness in 47,XXX women: the left fusiform gyrus (T = 2.794; Z = 2.654; p = .0358) and the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (T = 1.716; Z = 1.765; p = .0470) – see Fig. 4 . 3.6 Associations between brain morphology and psychometric characteristics Explorative correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between bilateral amygdala/hippocampus GM volumes and self-reported empathy (IRI), anxiety (STAI-T) and depression (BDI) in women with 47,XXX (see Table 4 ). Higher regional GM volumes in amygdala and hippocampus was associated with higher levels of self-reported empathy, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. In controls, none of these correlations were significant (all r .05). Table 4 Correlations between autistic traits (AQ), empathy (IRI), anxiety (STAI-T), and depression (BDI) and regional GM volume in selected ROIs in women with 47,XXX; asterisks indicate significant Pearson’s correlations (uncorrected) AQ IRI STAI BDI Amygdala L − .11 .54* − .58** − .60** Amygdala R − .09 .55* − .56* − .53* Hippocampus L − .17 .47* − .55* − .52* Hippocampus R − .15 .41 − .50* − .53* Putamen L − .01 .33 − .15 − .11 Putamen R − .04 .36 − .13 − .13 Cerebellum L − .12 .37 − .38 − .25 Cerebellum R − .17 .39 − .33 − .24 4. Discussion C ontrolled studies investigating brain structure in girls with a 47,XXX karyotype are scarce, and even fewer in adults. With the present study, we compared a group of 20 adult women with 47,XXX with an age- and education-matched control group regarding regional gray matter volume and regional cortical thickness. VBM analysis revealed marked reductions of gray matter volume in the inferior and medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, amygdala, and fusiform regions, medial frontal and orbital regions, bilateral insula, basal ganglia including putamen and caudate, and several clusters in the cerebellum. SBM analysis revealed cortical thickness reduction in some of these regions, however these clusters were less extended, and the effects were considerably smaller in magnitude compared to the VBM results. Overall, these regional effects were robust after controlling for TIV, which was reduced in the 47,XXX group. As expected, the 47,XXX group exhibited lower TIV, slightly enlarged ventricles, higher levels of self-reported autistic traits, but comparable intellectual abilities and normal levels of self-reported anxiety and depression. Exploratively, we observed that amygdala/hippocampus GM volume was a positive predictor for self-reported empathy and a negative predictor for anxiety and depression in women with 47,XXX. Reduced gray matter volume in the basal ganglia has been reported in girls with 47,XXX ( 26 ) and in adult women ( 28 ). While these studies reported volume reductions in different parts of the basal ganglia (predominantly in pallidum and caudate), we observed decreased regional gray matter volume in the right putamen and caudate. Given that these regions are involved in a wide range of cognitive, affective and motor processes, the potential functional impact of the structural alterations we observed remains speculative. However, given the reported impairments in cognition, affect, and motor skills in 47,XXX (see above) and the fact that structural anomalies have been reported in the basal ganglia in ASD ( 42 , 43 ), it seems plausible that these structural changes could also play a role in the development of the impairments described for 47,XXX. The first remarkable finding of the present study is the strong effect detected in the bilateral medial temporal lobe, including volume reduction in hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus. Reduced amygdala volume in 47,XXX has been reported in girls ( 24 ) and, as a trend, also in adult women ( 27 ). However, a recent study failed to confirm those results in adults ( 28 ). Interpreting these contradictory findings is complicated by the fact that very different methodologies were applied to obtain the volumetric data in small subject samples. Patwardhan and colleagues manually segmented the amygdala and hippocampus, while Nadig et al. and Serrasens et al. used different automated procedures to determine ROIs. Although manual segmentation by trained raters is in principle a precise and reliable method, the statistical power (n = 10) in the study by Patwardhan et al. (2002) was limited. In addition, since 1.5 Tesla T1-weighted scans were used, the contrast may have been limited when segmenting the amygdala and hippocampus. In the study by Serrarens et al. (2022), segmentation was performed with Freesurfer and volumes were estimated for predefined ROIs. While in this study sample size was larger and the T1 scans used were presumably of higher quality (scanned at 7 Tesla), the ROI-only approach may be less sensitive at detecting effects in the amygdala. In our study, taking a voxel-based approach and applying advanced segmentation algorithms in CAT12, we were able to detect decreased regional volumes in the hippocampus and amygdala, both within an extensive cluster with local peaks in the hippocampus and amygdala. As part of a larger network (the so-called “social brain”), the amygdala plays an essential role in the representation of emotional processes and is of central importance for social-cognitive functions ( 44 – 46 ). Accordingly, recent reviews have come to the conclusion that structural alterations and functional impairments in the amygdala and adjected areas could be the basis of socio-cognitive deficits within the autism spectrum (e.g. 47). Indeed, recent meta-analytic evidence supports the hypothesis that structural alterations in the amygdala are associated with autism ( 48 ). In this respect, the regionally reduced gray-matter volume in these core regions within the social brain network detected in our sample could also be a pathophysiological factor related to the reported social-cognitive deficits and social difficulties in adult women with 47,XXX ( 19 , 28 , 49 ) and ( 9 , 10 ). The second remarkable finding of this study is the reduced regional volume in the cerebellum in women with 47,XXX karyotype. We are unaware of any other study showing this structural change in individuals with an extra X chromosome. The cerebellum’s regional volume reduction may have implications for movement impairments and tremor. Tremor, in its different forms, has been described in conjunction with 90 chromosome aneuploidies involving sex chromosomes such as Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) ( 50 ) and Jacobs syndrome (47, XYY) ( 51 ). However, tremor in Triple X syndrome has been occasionally observed but not systematically investigated so far ( 52 ). Interestingly, essential tremor has been associated with altered cerebellar connectivity (for a review, see 53). The partially reduced gray matter volume in the cerebellum described here, and tremor in Triple X syndrome should be investigated in conjunction with potential functional cerebellar impairment. The traditional view that the cerebellum is involved exclusively in movement control and fine motor skills was debunked more than 50 years ago ( 54 ). More recent studies show that the cerebellum also regulates social-cognitive and especially theory-of-mind functions in addition to other cognitive functions ( 55 ). The ability to attribute mental states to other people is impaired, for example, when the cerebellar structure or function is impaired. These impairments are particularly pronounced if cerebellar development is disturbed in early childhood ( 56 ). Symptoms of the autistic spectrum, for example, can be observed as a direct result of cerebellar damage in early childhood ( 57 ). We can therefore speculate that the regional volume reduction in the cerebellum seen in the present study could at least be a correlate of the partially autism-like social-cognitive and behavioral problems in individuals with 47,XXX karyotype ( 9 , 10 ). In mammals, one of the two X chromosomes in the female sex, if present, is obligatorily inacti-vated. The heterochromatic chromosome is microscopically visible as the so-called “Barr body” in the nucleus. Inactivation is also obligatory in X chromosome aneuploidy syndromes. X-inactivation is facilitated by the non-coding RNA ‘X inactive-specific transcript’, XIST (for review, see 58). However, some genes, such as RNF12 and ABCB7 , escape this process, and are regularly expressed from both alleles on the X chromosome to a certain extent. For example, the protein encoded by the murine Rnf12 gene, ubiquitin protein ligase Rnf12, regulates all transcription factor-encoding genes in the LIM homeodomain family ( 59 , 60 ), such as Lmx1b , which is involved in early cerebellar development ( 61 ). Double-mutant Lmx1b/Lmx1a mice do not develop a cerebellum, a condition associated with ataxia ( 62 ). Other members of the LIM homeodomain gene family are involved in many developmental processes affecting brain regions, among these the hippocampus (for review, see 63). The second gene mentioned above, Abcb7 , is causative for X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia in mice ( 64 ). Given the movement impairments (‘clumsiness’) frequently observed in Triple X syndrome (for review, see Otter, 2010), processes associated with dysregulated X inactivation and X-linked genes might be involved in impaired development of the cerebellum and other brain areas in Triple X syndrome described here, and require more investigation. The present study has some limitations to be considered when interpreting our results. Firstly, our sample of 20 women studied is relatively small, but this corresponds to the usual sample sizes in previous studies. Nonetheless, our main results are statistically significant even after the most conservative correction for multiple testing. Secondly, it must be taken into account that, as in all published studies to date, we only conducted a group comparison and not a longitudinal analysis. Strictly speaking, it is therefore not possible to draw conclusions about the significance of these findings in terms of how the structural changes described here develop; these would have to be investigated in similar studies with a dedicated longitudinal design. Thirdly, all interpretations must consider that the 47,XXX clinical picture is very heterogeneous. While a few women complain of major problems in everyday (social) life, many others are significantly less affected or not affected at all. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that the sample examined here is representative of the entire population. Finally, note that our voxel-based analyses results were significantly more robust than the surface-based analyses, which should be regarded as preliminary. Studies with larger samples, ideally multicenter studies, would be desirable to investigate regional changes in intracortical structure (e.g. cortical thickness, folding, complexity). 5. Conclusions In sum, this is the first study using VBM and SBM on 3T structural scans in a sample of adult women with 47,XXX that showed marked regional gray matter volume reductions in limbic areas (in particular amygdala and hippocampus), basal ganglia and other subcortical regions, parts of neocortex and, for the first time, in the cerebellum. These alterations in a distributed network of brain regions involved in social cognition and other cognitive functions might thus help us better understand the neural underpinnings of the behavioral characteristics in 47,XXX. Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participate The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the state medical association Rhineland-Palatinate (#2022–16572). Participants gave written-informed consent before participation. Consent for Publication Not applicable Competing interests The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Funding The publication was in part supported by the Open Access Fund of the University of Trier and by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Author Contribution G.D., M.C. and J.M. designed the study. M.C. and P.F. recruited the participants and conducted data collection. G.D. and M.C. analyzed the data. G.D. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures and tables. All authors contributed to writing and reviewed the final manuscript. Acknowledgement We thank all women for participating in this study. We further thank Birgit Bungert and Robert Gollmick for carrying out the scanning sessions, and Laura Litke and Hendrik Jürgenlimke for their support during the scanning sessions and the psychometric assessments. Data Availability The dataset used and analysed for the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. References Jacobs P, Baikie AG, Brown WMC, Macgregor TN, Maclean N, Harnden DG. Evidence for the existence of the human „super female. Lancet 26 September. 1959;274(7100):423–5. Berglund A, Viuff MH, Skakkebæk A, Chang S, Stochholm K, Gravholt CH. Changes in the cohort composition of turner syndrome and severe non-diagnosis of Klinefelter, 47,XXX and 47,XYY syndrome: a nationwide cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 14 Januar. 2019;14(1):16. Otter M, Schrander-Stumpel CT, Curfs LM. 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Abcb7, the gene responsible for X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia, is essential for hematopoiesis. Blood 15 April. 2007;109(8):3567–9. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 25 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 21 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 03 Oct, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5181010","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":377196802,"identity":"a9133b03-75ac-4384-97c6-dd7804fe9315","order_by":0,"name":"Gregor Domes","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAx0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyCigoGBDUQnwEUIajkD0sJMihbGNhCLGdkQPIDveHfiw5/zDufxMfAf+/Cg4h5QpAG/FskzZzcb8247XAx0GPOMhDPFQBEC1hjcyN0mzbjtcGKb/GNmhsS2BKBIAkEt23/+nAPUArSFIfEfUMv9B4RtYeBtgGlpANmCXwfYL9I8x9JBWowZEo4l8EieIeAwvuO9Gz/+qLFOnN/A+JjxR02CHN/xAwSsQQc8JKofBaNgFIyCUYANAABD9kXbN13aQgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Trier","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gregor","middleName":"","lastName":"Domes","suffix":""},{"id":377196803,"identity":"8e18a6d1-1f99-4df3-98c0-1f3d74ff8786","order_by":1,"name":"Marie-Anne Croyé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Trier","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marie-Anne","middleName":"","lastName":"Croyé","suffix":""},{"id":377196804,"identity":"3d0517c7-f95f-4bc2-9b3f-ad8fb651f1ff","order_by":2,"name":"Petra Freilinger","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Genetikum","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Petra","middleName":"","lastName":"Freilinger","suffix":""},{"id":377196805,"identity":"5c10b8e6-0a1c-4b16-986a-595fdd8d26af","order_by":3,"name":"Andreas Bohlscheid","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hospital of the Barmherzige Brüder Trier","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andreas","middleName":"","lastName":"Bohlscheid","suffix":""},{"id":377196806,"identity":"5fb347c0-1ae6-4b35-9e86-81f29c927ea4","order_by":4,"name":"Winfried A. 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Statistical parametric maps (SPM) are projected on coronal slices of the MNI152 template illustrating regions with reduced GM volume in women with a 47,XXX karyotype. (a) Extended clusters showing gray matter reduction comprising hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, insula. (b) Extended clusters in the cerebellum. Results were FWE-corrected with a voxel threshold of T\u0026gt;6.14; p\u0026lt;.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5181010/v1/89082f1da6289599068eec63.jpeg"},{"id":72206884,"identity":"1ba7393a-12c9-4d29-aa32-ae5bd638c13c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-23 16:46:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":155452,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROI-based analysis showing significant ROI of decreased gray matter volume in women with 47,XXX compared to controls. ROIs were defined using the Neuromorphometrics atlas. Results were FDR-corrected at p\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5181010/v1/4e93989538678de0d38e8a16.jpeg"},{"id":72206885,"identity":"2ed42be6-c01b-4c52-8336-15bd400feb72","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-23 16:46:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":153541,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePoint-wise cortical thickness analysis showing significant clusters of altered cortical thickness in women with 47,XXX compared to controls. Blue clusters indicate increased vs. red areas indicate reduced cortical thickness in 47,XXX. Results are presented uncorrected at p\u0026lt;0.05 for illustrative purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5181010/v1/4eac7ea0b0823b61a41d6a21.jpeg"},{"id":72206883,"identity":"7ff16e88-c420-4e84-97c9-fe0fa39056e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-23 16:46:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":136437,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROI-based thickness analysis showing significant ROI of decreased cortical thickness in women with 47,XXX compared to controls. ROIs were defined based on the DK40 atlas. The results were Holm-Bonferroni corrected and thresholded at p\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5181010/v1/a12e7c407a42ea3a73921862.jpeg"},{"id":80082253,"identity":"f2562cb1-70ff-424b-a98d-bd2fcb6e5c7e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-07 16:08:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1974084,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5181010/v1/79494fe2-d2bf-41c9-aa5c-4e04e49d421c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Brain structure in Triple X syndrome: Regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eTriple X syndrome (karyotype 47,XXX), also known as trisomy X, is \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;a sex chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by the presence of an additional X chromosome in females (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). It has an estimated prevalence of about 0.1% in female newborns (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). However, only few cases are clinically diagnosed, possibly due to the inconspicuous phenotype and lack of clinical symptoms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch has identified impairment of different domains comprising motor development, speech and language, educational attainment, socio-economic status and interpersonal relationships in children and adolescents with 47,XXX (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6 CR7\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Notably, elevated rates of neurodevelopmental conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as associated socio-cognitive and behavioral problems have been reported (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12\" citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). Individuals with 47,XXX also exhibit heightened susceptibility to (social) anxiety, depression, and psychotic disorders compared to the general population (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR14\" citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the cognitive domain, mild learning difficulties and executive function deficits are prevalent among those with 47,XXX during childhood and adolescence (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e). Notably, their mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ) tends to be lower, with a leftward shift in the IQ normal curve compared to 46,XX controls, with verbal IQ (VIQ) often more affected (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, impairments in everyday social functioning, social cognition, and behavior have been observed in both pediatric and adult samples with 47,XXX (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR19 CR20\" citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA few neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the presence of structural brain abnormalities in individuals with 47,XXX, including alterations in total brain and subcortical volumes, cortical thickness and surface area, and cortical folding in children and adolescents (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR23 CR24 CR25\" citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Note that these studies (except for Lenroot et al., 2014) relied on a largely identical group of youth with a mean age of 12 years. In sum, those analyses indicate reduced total brain volume (TBV), and reductions in amygdala and hippocampus gray matter, which for the amygdala was still significant after controlling for reduced TBV (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). Consistently, in adults, an early study with 10 women revealed initial evidence for smaller amygdala volumes in 47,XXX, although this effect was not significant due to limited statistical power (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). Beyond these preliminary findings, there is only one study focusing on alterations in cortical, subcortical, and lateral ventricle volumes in an adult sample (Serrarens et al., 2022). Using T1 images acquired with an ultra-high field 7 T scanner, Serrarens and colleagues reported reduced gray matter volumes of the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, nucleus accumbens), thalamus, and hippocampus, presumably associated with enlarged lateral ventricles. In addition, reduced gray matter was detected in the superior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in 47,XXX participants compared to controls. Although cortical thickness was not specifically altered in 47,XXX, cortical thickness in some areas was associated with social cognitive functioning in 47,XXX (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). In sum, although the empirical evidence is currently very limited (see supplementary Table S1), the most consistent finding is reduced total brain volume and reduced gray matter and white matter in subcortical and cortical areas. Initial results also suggest that within group variance in subcortical and cortical structures is related to social functioning.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the present study, we aimed at replicating reported results in an independent adult sample of women with 47,XXX compared to an age- and education-matched control group. In extending the earlier studies, we took a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to more precisely localize gray volumetric alterations in 47,XXX and used surface-based morphometry (SBM) to discern potential local alterations in cortical thickness. Finally, we explored potential associations with self-reported traits related to social cognition and psychopathology. Based on the evidence presented above both related to the previous structural imaging studies and phenomenological similarities with ASD, we expected to observe GM volume reductions and reduced cortisol thickness in amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus, as well as decreased total brain volume and enlarged ventricles. We exploratively tested associations between regional brain volumes and different self-report measures in the social-cognitive domain such as empathy, autistic traits, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen with a 47,XXX karyotype were recruited via a German Triplo-X support group, specialists in human genetics, and social media. They were included on the basis of a confirmed 47,XXX karyotype. Age-, education-matched controls were recruited via flyers, digital newsletters and local advertising. Participants in both groups were only included if they were 18 years of age or older and spoke the German language at native speaker level. Participants with a history of traumatic brain injury, neurological damage, current intake of psychoactive drugs, magnetic implants in their body, claustrophobia, or pregnancy were excluded from the study. The recruitment took place between 2021 and 2023.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the state medical association Rhineland-Palatinate (#2022\u0026ndash;16572). Participants gave written-informed consent before participation. All participants were compensated for their participation and any travel expenses were reimbursed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Psychological assessment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral intellectual abilities (IQ) were measured with the Culture Fair Test 20 (CFT-20) revised version. The CFT 20-R measures the general intellectual level (basic intelligence) in terms of Cattell's \"General Fluid Ability\". We used part 1 of the German CFT-20-R (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e) containing 56 items in four subtests (series continuation, classifications, matrices and topological reasoning). Test-retest reliability for the subtest is r\u003csub\u003ett\u003c/sub\u003e = .80 and the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) is α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.94. Raw scores were transformed based on the IQ norms provided in the 2nd edition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerbal intelligence was estimated via a vocabulary test (WST) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e) designed to measure verbal abilities. The WST consists of 40-word recognition items, each containing one target word and five distractors. The split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown) is r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.95, the internal consistency is α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.94. Raw scores were transformed based on the IQ norms provided by Schmidt and Metzler (1992).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA short version of the Autism Quotient, the AQ-k (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e) was used to assess traits related to the autism spectrum. The German short version of the original AQ (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e) comprises 33 items rated on 4-point Likert scales and analyzed in dichotomized form, resulting in total scores between 0 and 33 points. The AQ-k has acceptable reliability (internal consistency for the subscales: α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.65 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.87 and for the total score α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.79) and has been shown to validly distinguish between individuals on the autism spectrum and typically developing individuals (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e) contains 28 items and measures four traits related to empathy: perspective taking (the tendency to adopt others' viewpoints), fantasy (the tendency to identify with fictional characters in books, movies, and plays), empathic concern (feelings of compassion and concern for others), and personal distress (feelings of discomfort and anxiety in response to others' distress). For the present analysis, we calculated total scores summing up the scales perspective taking, fantasy, and empathic concern (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). The internal consistency for the subscales is acceptable and varies between α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.68 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.79.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevels of trait anxiety were assessed with the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e). The trait scale of the STAI assesses individual differences in the tendency to experience and show fear reactions based on 20 items (4-point Likert-scale). The internal consistency is α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.90 and the test-retest reliability has been estimated at r\u003csub\u003ett\u003c/sub\u003e = .67 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.90.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Beck-Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e). Containing 21 items, the BDI assesses the severity of a depression based on the clinical symptoms according to DSM and ICD. The internal consistency has been estimated at approx. α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.90 in different samples and the test-retest reliability r\u003csub\u003ett\u003c/sub\u003e = .78 in a community sample.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3. Magnetic resonance imaging\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1-weighted images were acquired on a 3T Philips Ingenia Elition X equipped with a 15-channel head coil. Sagittal images covering the whole head were acquired with an 3D MPRAGE sequence with the following parameters: 208 sagittal slices (256 x 256 in-plane resolution), 1 mm isotropic voxels, flip angle\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8\u0026deg;, TR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.22 ms, TE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.36 ms. Total scan duration was approx. 6:30 min.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Morphometric analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe applied four different analyses pipelines to the structural images: (a) Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis focusing on voxel-wise gray matter volume differences, (b) a respective region-based analysis focusing on regional gray matter volume (i.e., a voxel-based ROI analysis), (c) a surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis focusing on point-wise cortical thickness, and (d) a corresponding region-based analysis focusing on regional cortical thickness (i.e., a surface-based ROI analysis).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eProcessing of images\u003c/em\u003e, For further analyses, T1 images were spatially preprocessed and segmented with the Computational Anatomic Toolbox (CAT12.9, 2550; ,37) implemented in Statistic Parametric Mapping (SPM12, 7771; \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) running on Matlab (R2018a). In a first step, T1 images were normalized and segmented into gray matter, white matter, and CSF by using the probability maps as priors provided within CAT12. As a result of segmentation, bias, noise and global intensity corrected, modulated and normalized gray and white matter images were written for regional volumetric analysis. For quality control, we calculated deviations in individual gray matter image intensities from the global mean. Those images deviating from the mean with \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1.5 IQR were visually inspected for artefacts (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3). None of the scans had to be excluded, as all scans were of good data quality. Images were then smoothed with a 3D Gaussian kernel of 6 mm FWHM for VBM, and with a kernel of 20 mm FWHM for SBM. We also calculated individual total intracranial volumes (TIV) to be included as a covariate in the general linear model for group comparison of regional gray matter volumes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eVoxel-based morphometry.\u003c/em\u003e For group comparison of VBM regional gray matter volume, we set up a GLM with one factor (group) and age and TIV as covariates. After estimation, two contrasts were defined to test for regional gray matter volume decrease vs. increase in the 47,XXX group. The resulting t-maps were written with at a peak-voxel threshold of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 with a family-wise error (FWE) correction based on random field theory (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e). Automatic anatomical labelling (AAL3v1) was used to label peak voxels in cortical and subcortical regions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e). The VBM outcomes were overlaid onto coronal sections of MNI152 average template using MRIcroGL (v1.2; 40).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eVoxel-based ROI-analysis.\u003c/em\u003e The voxel-based ROI analysis used the Neuromorphometrics atlas (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://neuromorphometrics.com/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://neuromorphometrics.com/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) to calculate regional gray matter volumes. Results were tested for significance with an FDR-corrected threshold of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 and projected on the Freesurfer average template (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) within CAT12.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eSurface-based morphometry.\u003c/em\u003e Surface data to estimate regional cortical thickness were written during segmentation within CAT12, see above. Similar to the VBM analysis, we set up a GLM with group as the only factor, but without controlling for TIV. After estimation, again two contrasts were defined to test for group differences in regional cortical thickness. The resulting t-maps were thresholded at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 (FWE-corrected) and at an exploratory threshold of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001 (uncorrected).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eSurface-based ROI analysis.\u003c/em\u003e The surface-based ROI analysis employed the DK40 atlas (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e) to calculate regional cortical thickness for predefined ROIs. Those results were projected on the Freesurfer average template (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) with a Holm-Bonferroni corrected threshold of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eCorrelation analysis.\u003c/em\u003e To explore potential associations between regional GM volume and autistic and empathic traits on the one hand and anxiety/depressive symptoms on the other hand, we calculated Pearson\u0026rsquo;s correlation coefficients between AQ, IRI, BDI and STAI scores with regional GM volumes for bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, and cerebellum based in the voxel-based ROI analysis described above. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the two study groups separately.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Study group characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy groups did not differ significantly in age, education, general and verbal IQ, empathy, trait anxiety or depression (all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;.10) but 47,XXX exhibited more pronounced autistic traits (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05; Cohen\u0026rsquo;s d\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.82) - see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic and psychometric characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47,XXX\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControls\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.650\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.480\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral IQ (CFT-20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerbal IQ (WST)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.792\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutistic traits (AQ-k)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpathy (IRI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnxiety (STAI-T)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.316\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDepression (BDI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"13\"\u003eNotes. \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Years in school; AQ-k: Autism Quotient \u0026ndash; short version; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CFT-20: Culture Fair Test 20; IRI: Interpersonal Reactivity Index; STAI-T: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory \u0026ndash; Trait Scale; WST: Vocabulary Test (\u0026ldquo;Wortschatztest\u0026rdquo;)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Voxel-based morphometry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTotal intracranial volume and ventricles.\u003c/em\u003e TIV was significantly lower in 47,XXX women (m\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1317, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;85 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e) than in controls (m\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1403, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;75 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e), t(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.505, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001. In addition, the group difference in total ventricle volume approached significance after controlling for TIV (F[1,40]\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.95, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.054), with 47,XXX women showing slightly enlarged ventricle volumes (m\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.3, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.5 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e) than controls (m\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.4, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.4 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eGray matter volume.\u003c/em\u003e For the contrast (controls\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;47,XXX) representing decreased GM volume in women with 47,XXX, we found significant GM volume reductions in four extended clusters comprising (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) left hippocampus, amygdala, and insula (k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3851; x,y,z=-29, -6, -20; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.29; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.000001), (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) the bilateral cerebellum (k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4991; x,y,z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14, -72, -41; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.43 p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.000001), (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) right amygdala (k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;892; x,y,z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;27, -6, -15;T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.48; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.00001), (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) right putamen and insula (k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1680; x,y,z,=35, 0, -3; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.73; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.0001) - see the first four clusters in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, we identified smaller, scattered clusters in the cerebellum, inferior frontal cortex, mainly in the orbitofrontal cortex, and the fusiform gyrus (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e lower part). Notably, in the reverse contrast testing for increased GM volume in the 47,XXX group compared to controls, none of the voxels were significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVBM GLM results for the contrast Controls\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;47,XXX. Significant clusters with decreased GM volume in 47,XXX at a voxel threshold of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 (FWE-corr.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegion\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMNI coordinates\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeak voxel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ey\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippocampus L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3851\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00000007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00000033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsula L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00005541\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 8 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00000070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum Crus2 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00000917\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum Crus2 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00001023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e892\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00000741\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00003713\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1680\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00005028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00017707\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsula R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00102743\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 4 5 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00011584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 4 5 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00200160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 9 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00057612\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 9 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03485522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC ant R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00067992\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVermis 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00082500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 9 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00087472\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 9 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00174805\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 9 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00399479\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC post L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00110046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC post L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00158340\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC med L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00491704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngular L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00153095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC post R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00154603\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC med R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00327685\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC med R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00402730\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 4 5 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00272413\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOlfactory R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00375599\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRectus L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03214069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOFC ant R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.00813363\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.01077889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVermis 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.01143050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVermis 4 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.01528066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal Sup R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.01972271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParahippocampal L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.02570057\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.02684124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 8 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03189520\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal Inf L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03308109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 8 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03395373\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontal Inf Orb 2 R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03618884\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.03657964\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaudate R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.04003530\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsula L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.04031225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 9 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.04262440\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.04935569\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003eNotes. \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Peaks are given for cluster peak voxels and local maxima within the clusters\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to the voxel-wise analysis, region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis revealed corresponding results: We identified significant ROIs with reduced gray matter volume in (all cluster p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 Holm-Bonferroni-correction): Amygdala, Hippocampus, Insula, Putamen, Thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, parts of the temporal lobe, frontal cortex \u0026ndash; see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The strongest effects were observed in limbic areas (all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001), especially in the bilateral amygdala (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.000001). Again, reverse comparison testing for increased regional gray matter volume in the 47,XXX group revealed no significant ROI.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of ROI-analysis for the contrast Controls\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;47,XXX. Significant ROIs with decreased GM volume in 47,XXX (all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05; Holm-Bonferroni-corr.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeft hemisphere\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRight hemisphere\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eLimbic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippocampus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippocampus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004718\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParahippocampal g.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntorhinal cortex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntorhinal cortex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior insula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior insula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior insula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior insula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSubcortical\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNcl. Accumbens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.003110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral DC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.019503\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral DC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThalamus proper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.029940\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThalamus Proper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.010376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum ext.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum ext.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFrontal lobe\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedial orbital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedial orbital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior orbital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior orbital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior orbital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior orbital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral orbital g.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.023680\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperior frontal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperior frontal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.011879\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSup. frontal medial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001381\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInferior frontal g.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.030884\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontal pole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.037372\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. rectus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.018745\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. rectus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.005490\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasal forebrain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.011522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasal forebrain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.005520\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcallosal area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcallosal area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle cingulate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.049012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior cingulate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.012901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrecentral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.002689\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrecentral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.003738\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentral operculum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.014029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontal operculum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.017958\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTemporal lobe\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccipital fusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.035047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccipital fusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000255\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.003025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.007791\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInferior temporal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInferior temporal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001426\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperior temporal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001235\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperior temporal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001499\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal pole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal pole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001859\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlanum polare\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.008862\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle temporal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.021667\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle temporal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000675\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLingual\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.007276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngular\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004887\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eOccipital lobe\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInferior occipital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInferior occipital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle occipital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.026919\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperior occipital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.020396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Surface-based morphometry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eCortical thickness.\u003c/em\u003e The contrast controls\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;47.XXX for point estimate of cortical thickness revealed no significant voxels at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 (FWE-corr.). At a more liberal, explorative level of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001 (uncorr.), we detected three clusters of reduced cortical thickness in 47,XXX: left visual cortex (BA 17/18, k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;96; x,y,z=-16,-83,-14; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.19; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.79; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.000074), entorhinal cortex (BA 28; k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;46; x,y,z=-27,-4,-27; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.01; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.65; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.00014), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45; k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;49; x,y,z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;49,-11,-16; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.59; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.32; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.00045) \u0026ndash; red clusters in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. The reverse contrast of increased cortical thickness in 47,XXX again revealed no significant cluster at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05 (FWE-corr.), but three clusters at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001 (uncorrected): supplementary motor area (BA 6; k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;49 ; x,y,z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;26,-21,69; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.13; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.75; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.00009), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45; k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45; x,y,z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39,1,4; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.75; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.45; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.00028) and right mid temporal gyrus (BA 21; k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15; x,y,z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;54,-30,-20; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.74; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.44; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.00029) \u0026ndash; blue clusters in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ROI-based analysis revealed two significant ROIs (Holm-Bonferroni corrected) of decreased cortical thickness in 47,XXX women: the left fusiform gyrus (T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.794; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.654; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.0358) and the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.716; Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.765; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.0470) \u0026ndash; see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.6 Associations between brain morphology and psychometric characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplorative correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between bilateral amygdala/hippocampus GM volumes and self-reported empathy (IRI), anxiety (STAI-T) and depression (BDI) in women with 47,XXX (see Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Higher regional GM volumes in amygdala and hippocampus was associated with higher levels of self-reported empathy, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. In controls, none of these correlations were significant (all r\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.40; all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelations between autistic traits (AQ), empathy (IRI), anxiety (STAI-T), and depression (BDI) and regional GM volume in selected ROIs in women with 47,XXX; asterisks indicate significant Pearson\u0026rsquo;s correlations (uncorrected)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAQ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIRI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTAI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBDI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.54*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.58**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.60**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmygdala R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.55*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.56*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.53*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippocampus L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.47*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.55*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.52*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippocampus R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.50*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.53*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutamen R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003eontrolled studies investigating brain structure in girls with a 47,XXX karyotype are scarce, and even fewer in adults. With the present study, we compared a group of 20 adult women with 47,XXX with an age- and education-matched control group regarding regional gray matter volume and regional cortical thickness. VBM analysis revealed marked reductions of gray matter volume in the inferior and medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, amygdala, and fusiform regions, medial frontal and orbital regions, bilateral insula, basal ganglia including putamen and caudate, and several clusters in the cerebellum. SBM analysis revealed cortical thickness reduction in some of these regions, however these clusters were less extended, and the effects were considerably smaller in magnitude compared to the VBM results. Overall, these regional effects were robust after controlling for TIV, which was reduced in the 47,XXX group. As expected, the 47,XXX group exhibited lower TIV, slightly enlarged ventricles, higher levels of self-reported autistic traits, but comparable intellectual abilities and normal levels of self-reported anxiety and depression. Exploratively, we observed that amygdala/hippocampus GM volume was a positive predictor for self-reported empathy and a negative predictor for anxiety and depression in women with 47,XXX.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReduced gray matter volume in the basal ganglia has been reported in girls with 47,XXX (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e) and in adult women (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). While these studies reported volume reductions in different parts of the basal ganglia (predominantly in pallidum and caudate), we observed decreased regional gray matter volume in the right putamen and caudate. Given that these regions are involved in a wide range of cognitive, affective and motor processes, the potential functional impact of the structural alterations we observed remains speculative. However, given the reported impairments in cognition, affect, and motor skills in 47,XXX (see above) and the fact that structural anomalies have been reported in the basal ganglia in ASD (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e), it seems plausible that these structural changes could also play a role in the development of the impairments described for 47,XXX.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first remarkable finding of the present study is the strong effect detected in the bilateral medial temporal lobe, including volume reduction in hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus. Reduced amygdala volume in 47,XXX has been reported in girls (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e) and, as a trend, also in adult women (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). However, a recent study failed to confirm those results in adults (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). Interpreting these contradictory findings is complicated by the fact that very different methodologies were applied to obtain the volumetric data in small subject samples. Patwardhan and colleagues manually segmented the amygdala and hippocampus, while Nadig et al. and Serrasens et al. used different automated procedures to determine ROIs. Although manual segmentation by trained raters is in principle a precise and reliable method, the statistical power (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10) in the study by Patwardhan et al. (2002) was limited. In addition, since 1.5 Tesla T1-weighted scans were used, the contrast may have been limited when segmenting the amygdala and hippocampus. In the study by Serrarens et al. (2022), segmentation was performed with Freesurfer and volumes were estimated for predefined ROIs. While in this study sample size was larger and the T1 scans used were presumably of higher quality (scanned at 7 Tesla), the ROI-only approach may be less sensitive at detecting effects in the amygdala. In our study, taking a voxel-based approach and applying advanced segmentation algorithms in CAT12, we were able to detect decreased regional volumes in the hippocampus and amygdala, both within an extensive cluster with local peaks in the hippocampus and amygdala. As part of a larger network (the so-called \u0026ldquo;social brain\u0026rdquo;), the amygdala plays an essential role in the representation of emotional processes and is of central importance for social-cognitive functions (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR45\" citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e). Accordingly, recent reviews have come to the conclusion that structural alterations and functional impairments in the amygdala and adjected areas could be the basis of socio-cognitive deficits within the autism spectrum (e.g. 47). Indeed, recent meta-analytic evidence supports the hypothesis that structural alterations in the amygdala are associated with autism (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e). In this respect, the regionally reduced gray-matter volume in these core regions within the social brain network detected in our sample could also be a pathophysiological factor related to the reported social-cognitive deficits and social difficulties in adult women with 47,XXX (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e) and (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe second remarkable finding of this study is the reduced regional volume in the cerebellum in women with 47,XXX karyotype. We are unaware of any other study showing this structural change in individuals with an extra X chromosome. The cerebellum\u0026rsquo;s regional volume reduction may have implications for movement impairments and tremor. Tremor, in its different forms, has been described in conjunction with 90 chromosome aneuploidies involving sex chromosomes such as Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e) and Jacobs syndrome (47, XYY) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e). However, tremor in Triple X syndrome has been occasionally observed but not systematically investigated so far (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e). Interestingly, essential tremor has been associated with altered cerebellar connectivity (for a review, see 53). The partially reduced gray matter volume in the cerebellum described here, and tremor in Triple X syndrome should be investigated in conjunction with potential functional cerebellar impairment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe traditional view that the cerebellum is involved exclusively in movement control and fine motor skills was debunked more than 50 years ago (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e). More recent studies show that the cerebellum also regulates social-cognitive and especially theory-of-mind functions in addition to other cognitive functions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e). The ability to attribute mental states to other people is impaired, for example, when the cerebellar structure or function is impaired. These impairments are particularly pronounced if cerebellar development is disturbed in early childhood (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e). Symptoms of the autistic spectrum, for example, can be observed as a direct result of cerebellar damage in early childhood (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e). We can therefore speculate that the regional volume reduction in the cerebellum seen in the present study could at least be a correlate of the partially autism-like social-cognitive and behavioral problems in individuals with 47,XXX karyotype (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn mammals, one of the two X chromosomes in the female sex, if present, is obligatorily inacti-vated. The heterochromatic chromosome is microscopically visible as the so-called \u0026ldquo;Barr body\u0026rdquo; in the nucleus. Inactivation is also obligatory in X chromosome aneuploidy syndromes. X-inactivation is facilitated by the non-coding RNA \u0026lsquo;X inactive-specific transcript\u0026rsquo;, \u003cem\u003eXIST\u003c/em\u003e (for review, see 58). However, some genes, such as \u003cem\u003eRNF12\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eABCB7\u003c/em\u003e, escape this process, and are regularly expressed from both alleles on the X chromosome to a certain extent. For example, the protein encoded by the murine \u003cem\u003eRnf12\u003c/em\u003e gene, ubiquitin protein ligase Rnf12, regulates all transcription factor-encoding genes in the LIM homeodomain family (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e), such as \u003cem\u003eLmx1b\u003c/em\u003e, which is involved in early cerebellar development (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e). Double-mutant \u003cem\u003eLmx1b/Lmx1a\u003c/em\u003e mice do not develop a cerebellum, a condition associated with ataxia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e). Other members of the LIM homeodomain gene family are involved in many developmental processes affecting brain regions, among these the hippocampus (for review, see 63). The second gene mentioned above, \u003cem\u003eAbcb7\u003c/em\u003e, is causative for X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia in mice (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e). Given the movement impairments (\u0026lsquo;clumsiness\u0026rsquo;) frequently observed in Triple X syndrome (for review, see Otter, 2010), processes associated with dysregulated X inactivation and X-linked genes might be involved in impaired development of the cerebellum and other brain areas in Triple X syndrome described here, and require more investigation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study has some limitations to be considered when interpreting our results. Firstly, our sample of 20 women studied is relatively small, but this corresponds to the usual sample sizes in previous studies. Nonetheless, our main results are statistically significant even after the most conservative correction for multiple testing. Secondly, it must be taken into account that, as in all published studies to date, we only conducted a group comparison and not a longitudinal analysis. Strictly speaking, it is therefore not possible to draw conclusions about the significance of these findings in terms of how the structural changes described here develop; these would have to be investigated in similar studies with a dedicated longitudinal design. Thirdly, all interpretations must consider that the 47,XXX clinical picture is very heterogeneous. While a few women complain of major problems in everyday (social) life, many others are significantly less affected or not affected at all. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that the sample examined here is representative of the entire population. Finally, note that our voxel-based analyses results were significantly more robust than the surface-based analyses, which should be regarded as preliminary. Studies with larger samples, ideally multicenter studies, would be desirable to investigate regional changes in intracortical structure (e.g. cortical thickness, folding, complexity).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn sum, this is the first study using VBM and SBM on 3T structural scans in a sample of adult women with 47,XXX that showed marked regional gray matter volume reductions in limbic areas (in particular amygdala and hippocampus), basal ganglia and other subcortical regions, parts of neocortex and, for the first time, in the cerebellum. These alterations in a distributed network of brain regions involved in social cognition and other cognitive functions might thus help us better understand the neural underpinnings of the behavioral characteristics in 47,XXX.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the state medical association Rhineland-Palatinate (#2022\u0026ndash;16572). Participants gave written-informed consent before participation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflict of interest to declare.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe publication was in part supported by the Open Access Fund of the University of Trier and by the German Research Foundation (DFG).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eG.D., M.C. and J.M. designed the study. M.C. and P.F. recruited the participants and conducted data collection. G.D. and M.C. analyzed the data. G.D. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures and tables. All authors contributed to writing and reviewed the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe thank all women for participating in this study. We further thank Birgit Bungert and Robert Gollmick for carrying out the scanning sessions, and Laura Litke and Hendrik J\u0026uuml;rgenlimke for their support during the scanning sessions and the psychometric assessments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe dataset used and analysed for the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJacobs P, Baikie AG, Brown WMC, Macgregor TN, Maclean N, Harnden DG. Evidence for the existence of the human \u0026bdquo;super female. 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Blood 15 April. 2007;109(8):3567\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-neurodevelopmental-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jndd","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders](http://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"11689","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11689/3","title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"47, XXX, triple X syndrome, trisomy X, magnetic resonance imaging, morphometry, VBM, SBM","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5181010/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5181010/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in the brain structure of women with Triple X syndrome (karyotype 47,XXX) have been described in a few studies to date, including reduced total brain volume and regional reductions in gray substance in cortical and subcortical areas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM), we investigated regional gray matter changes in a sample of n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20 adult women with 47,XXX karyotype using T1-weighted 3T MRI scans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompared to an age- and education-matched control group, the VBM revealed decreased regional gray matter volumes in the hippocampus, amygdala, parts of the basal ganglia, insula, prefrontal areas and cerebellum. To a lesser extent, we also noted specific reductions in cortical thickness in a smaller part of those regions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis network is significantly involved in the processing of cognitive, affective, and social stimuli and is a potential neuronal correlate of the autism-like social-cognitive problems described in 47,XXX in the literature.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Brain structure in Triple X syndrome: Regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-23 16:46:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5181010/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-11-12T13:31:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-10-25T15:10:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-10-21T19:40:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"262692654353115709908887255808246163298","date":"2024-10-10T17:08:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"49771553632848465123572259499746504082","date":"2024-10-09T15:53:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-10-08T17:00:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-10-03T08:19:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-10-03T08:18:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","date":"2024-09-30T12:47:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-neurodevelopmental-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jndd","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders](http://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"11689","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11689/3","title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b9494bd6-d2b4-4570-b279-eccec25ffbf0","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 23rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-07T16:04:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5181010","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09608-6","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-neurodevelopmental-disorders","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"},"publishedOn":"2025-04-01 15:57:41","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-23 16:46:15","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s11689-025-09608-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09608-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5181010","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5181010","identity":"rs-5181010","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}