Response Surface Methodology for Predicting COD and Colour Decrease Real-time textile wastewater ozonation by adsorption upon activated Canna Indica biochar

Response Surface Methodology for Predicting COD and Colour Decrease Real-time textile wastewater ozonation by adsorption upon activated Canna Indica biochar | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Response Surface Methodology for Predicting COD and Colour Decrease Real-time textile wastewater ozonation by adsorption upon activated Canna Indica biochar Vishal Kumar U. Shah, Pratima Gajbhiye, Anand Mohan Yadav, Aparna Singh, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5956236/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Textile effluent comprises Colours, heavy metals, and other chemicals. Before discharge into waterways, Colour and COD should be reduced. This research used Canna Indica biochar adsorption and Ozonation to reduce COD and remove Colour. The effects of adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact duration, activating agent, and ozonation rate on COD reduction and Colour removal were examined. Potassium hydroxide-treated Canna Indica (KBC) reduced COD by 96.90% at 2.5 g/L, 8 pH, 17 hr, and 100 mL/min at ambient conditions, while sodium hydroxide-treated biochar (NBC) removed Colour at 2.5 g/L, pH 8.5, 17 hours, and 57.5 mL/min. This research found pseudo-second-order biochar adsorption in textile effluent. Chemical sorption was dominant for textile wastewater COD and Colour removal. Order of significance: pH > adsorbent dose > contact duration > ozonation rate. KBC and NBC had maximal adsorption capacities of 357.14 mg/g and 333.33 mg/g, respectively. According to the RSM-BBD study, pH was crucial for COD and Colour removal via adsorption and ozonation. Ordering R2 isotherms according to significance Langmuir > Temkin > Redlich-Peterson > Freundlich = Halsey > Dubinin-Radushkevich for KBC and NBC. Response Surface Methodology predicts COD and Colour reduction. Approach utilizing real-time textile dye wastewater adsorption upon activated Canna Indica charcoal and ozonation Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Engineering Adsorption biochar textile effluents wastewater treatment Koh NaoH ozone Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5956236","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410968147,"identity":"860c05be-eea3-40d6-a639-0245bf396d6d","order_by":0,"name":"Vishal Kumar U. Shah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lovely Professional University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vishal","middleName":"Kumar U.","lastName":"Shah","suffix":""},{"id":410968148,"identity":"474c7ea8-825c-4901-b72b-a0de8def5e58","order_by":1,"name":"Pratima Gajbhiye","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBDCZAyIk5EDkgQf4NTA2IGsxBmtJIKSFAaGFIbEBYS92YC59+PmDhzl2if3tucckfu6wSJ8fdvgh0BY7Od0G7Fos+9IMGxK3JSfOOPMuTbL3jETuxttpBkAtycZmB7BrMTjDANLCnNtwI8fsBm8bUMvsBJCWA4nbcGph/wjUUp87H6jl5t82iXTD2ekfCGjhAdlyOHcDUMttoC0J8tI5+G2x7OEpnJG47Xj9xjNvzH/LtkkYbpDOKTiQYIDbL+Y87Bs+/txWbSx3PMfY8G1bnbz87PTNHz5U2Mnh9D6myAHs4ni0yDfgVj0KRsEoGAUjEwAA6zpoeBfy89UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Lovely Professional University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pratima","middleName":"","lastName":"Gajbhiye","suffix":""},{"id":410968149,"identity":"9d57e4ee-6346-4adf-9984-21ee074d1b96","order_by":2,"name":"Anand Mohan Yadav","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Meerut Institute of Engineering \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anand","middleName":"Mohan","lastName":"Yadav","suffix":""},{"id":410968150,"identity":"e63e2239-f3ad-46c9-9961-c21bc47fb3b0","order_by":3,"name":"Aparna Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"WA School of mines, Curtin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aparna","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":410968151,"identity":"27ac1a9c-8ff0-4290-a3ce-63cadfd551d1","order_by":4,"name":"Aditee Pandya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"P P Savani University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aditee","middleName":"","lastName":"Pandya","suffix":""},{"id":410968152,"identity":"441cb64a-773e-40d3-9d03-a60dfa685696","order_by":5,"name":"Md irfanul Haque Siddiqui","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Saud University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md","middleName":"irfanul Haque","lastName":"Siddiqui","suffix":""},{"id":410968153,"identity":"268f1774-b2be-4ff0-9354-e82b226c71d4","order_by":6,"name":"Choon Kit Chan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"INTI International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Choon","middleName":"Kit","lastName":"Chan","suffix":""},{"id":410968154,"identity":"38296e99-ae08-452a-a6f4-3263e974b3b0","order_by":7,"name":"Saurav Dixit","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chitkara University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saurav","middleName":"","lastName":"Dixit","suffix":""},{"id":410968155,"identity":"4b5535b9-624e-47ac-b771-ae556590d67a","order_by":8,"name":"Anand Patel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of North Texas","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anand","middleName":"","lastName":"Patel","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-04 08:23:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5956236/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5956236/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77567151,"identity":"b87f214e-dc25-45bc-b264-98cbc200cd44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 07:47:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2916366,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptnewupdated11.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5956236/v1_covered_9b5d0b3e-6380-4d6f-b76b-cdf45af5dfde.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Response Surface Methodology for Predicting COD and Colour Decrease Real-time textile wastewater ozonation by adsorption upon activated Canna Indica biochar","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Adsorption, biochar, textile effluents, wastewater treatment, Koh, NaoH, ozone","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5956236/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5956236/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTextile effluent comprises Colours, heavy metals, and other chemicals. Before discharge into waterways, Colour and COD should be reduced. This research used Canna Indica biochar adsorption and Ozonation to reduce COD and remove Colour. The effects of adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact duration, activating agent, and ozonation rate on COD reduction and Colour removal were examined. Potassium hydroxide-treated Canna Indica (KBC) reduced COD by 96.90% at 2.5 g/L, 8 pH, 17 hr, and 100 mL/min at ambient conditions, while sodium hydroxide-treated biochar (NBC) removed Colour at 2.5 g/L, pH 8.5, 17 hours, and 57.5 mL/min. This research found pseudo-second-order biochar adsorption in textile effluent. Chemical sorption was dominant for textile wastewater COD and Colour removal. Order of significance: pH\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;adsorbent dose\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;contact duration\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;ozonation rate. KBC and NBC had maximal adsorption capacities of 357.14 mg/g and 333.33 mg/g, respectively. According to the RSM-BBD study, pH was crucial for COD and Colour removal via adsorption and ozonation. Ordering R2 isotherms according to significance Langmuir\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Temkin\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Redlich-Peterson\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Freundlich\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Halsey\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Dubinin-Radushkevich for KBC and NBC. Response Surface Methodology predicts COD and Colour reduction. Approach utilizing real-time textile dye wastewater adsorption upon activated Canna Indica charcoal and ozonation\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Response Surface Methodology for Predicting COD and Colour Decrease Real-time textile wastewater ozonation by adsorption upon activated Canna Indica biochar","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-06 06:01:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5956236/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"82d0ce44-7e0d-47f8-92e3-d75a9d172a84","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":43815030,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":43815031,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":43815032,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-03T07:39:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-06 06:01:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5956236","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5956236","identity":"rs-5956236","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}