Evolution of Collaborative Networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Analyzing Key Collaborations and Network Characteristics (2000-2023)

Evolution of Collaborative Networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Analyzing Key Collaborations and Network Characteristics (2000-2023) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evolution of Collaborative Networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Analyzing Key Collaborations and Network Characteristics (2000-2023) Naruaki Ogasawara This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982677/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aim This study aims to analyze the evolution of collaborative networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023. The focus is on identifying key collaborations and evaluating the centrality of Japanese researchers within the global context. Method Data from 23,307 articles related to gastrointestinal endoscopy, published between 2000 and 2023, were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Network analysis was conducted using Python (version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm (software version 2022.1.3) development environment. The analysis employed macro-level metrics, including network density, clustering coefficient, components, and average distance, as well as micro-level metrics, such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. Result The study revealed that the co-authorship network in gastrointestinal endoscopy research has evolved significantly over the past two decades. The network density slightly increased from 0.0003654681 in 2000–2009 to 0.00034 in 2020–2023, while the average clustering coefficient also rose, indicating stronger clustering among researchers. Key researchers, including Hassan, Cesare, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario, were identified as central figures in the network, maintaining high degree and closeness centrality throughout the study period. Japanese researchers, such as Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro, and Saito, Yutaka, also played a prominent role in connecting different subgroups within the network, particularly in the later years. Conclusion The analysis demonstrates the dynamic nature of collaborative networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research, with Japanese researchers playing a pivotal role in global collaborations. The findings highlight the importance of these researchers in driving innovation and shaping the future of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Medical Informatics Gastroenterology & Hepatology Bioinformatics Information Retrieval and Management Gastrointestinal endoscopy co-authorship network network analysis collaboration Japanese researchers Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Background and Objectives Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a critical field in medical research, essential for the diagnosis and treatment of various digestive disorders. Advancements in endoscopic technology have significantly improved patient outcomes, with procedures like Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) reducing the need for invasive surgery and enhancing early cancer detection. These technological innovations have expanded the capabilities of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, ultimately improving clinical outcomes on a global scale 1 . Countries worldwide have contributed to these advancements, with Japan, the United States, and Germany leading the way in pioneering new techniques and technologies that have shaped modern endoscopic practices. This global collaboration has fostered a dynamic international research environment, where cross-border partnerships drive continuous innovation. As Japan faces an aging society, the demand for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in gastrointestinal care has increased significantly. Japan has been at the forefront of gastrointestinal endoscopy, introducing numerous innovations and fostering a strong community of researchers dedicated to advancing this field. These contributions extend beyond technological advancements to include extensive training programs and the promotion of international collaboration. Japan’s leadership in gastrointestinal endoscopy is recognized not only for its technological prowess but also for its role in shaping global standards and practices in the field 2 . Given Japan's prominent role in endoscopic technology 3 and the increasing global demand for advancements in gastrointestinal care 4 , it is vital to understand the collaborative dynamics within this field. Co-authorship network analysis provides a powerful framework for exploring these dynamics, revealing the structure of research collaborations and the influence of key researchers. This study aims to highlight the contributions of Japanese researchers within the international context and to identify how they influence and drive global research collaborations in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of collaborative networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023, with a particular focus on the role of Japanese researchers. By examining co-authorship patterns, the study seeks to identify key collaborations, assess the centrality of Japanese researchers, and explore the overall structure of the research network. This analysis will provide insights into the contributions of Japanese researchers and help predict future trends in gastrointestinal endoscopy research. Scope of the Study This study examines publications related to gastrointestinal endoscopy indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database between 2000 and 2023. A total of 23,307 articles were selected for analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of the collaborative landscape within this specialized field over the past two decades. The dataset ensures the inclusion of the most recent publications (as of August 2024). Significance of the Study The findings of this study will shed light on the significant role Japanese researchers play in the global gastrointestinal endoscopy research community. By analyzing their contributions and influence through co-authorship network analysis, the study will demonstrate how Japanese researchers contribute to and shape international collaborations. The insights gained will not only inform strategies to strengthen global partnerships but also guide funding bodies and policymakers in supporting research that fosters innovation and international collaboration in this vital medical field. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for fostering future collaborations, driving innovation, and enhancing the overall impact of research in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Material and methods The present study investigates the co-authorship patterns in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research papers. I utilized the WoS database, conducting a "Topic search" with the keyword " gastrointestinal endoscopy" to analyze a total of 23,307 articles published between 2000 and 2023 (as of August 2024). In this analysis, I examined who collaborated with whom in co-authoring these papers. I conducted network analysis using the Python programming language (version 3.10.5) within the integrated development environment (IDE) PyCharm (software version 2022.1.3). This study employed methodology-established principles of social network analysis 5 . I carried out the analysis in two main parts: Macro-level Metrics: Network Density Calculated as the ratio of the number of edges to the maximum possible edges between all nodes. Clustering Coefficient Measured the extent to which nodes form clusters by considering the number of edges among neighboring nodes and calculating the average. Components Identified and counted the number of subgraphs (components) where nodes are mutually connected. Average Path Length Evaluated the average "distance" between nodes by calculating the overall average path length in the network 6 . Micro-level Metrics: Degree Centrality Measured the importance of each node by counting the number of edges it has in the network. Closeness Centrality Defined as the inverse of the sum of the shortest path lengths from a node to all other nodes, measuring how close each node is to others in the network. Betweenness Centrality Assessed the extent to which a node lies on the shortest paths between other nodes, indicating its importance in information transmission within the network 6 – 7 . The significance of these macro-level metrics in understanding the structure of scientific collaboration networks and these micro-level centrality measures in scientific collaboration networks has been well documented and used 6 – 7 . Through these analyses, I can identify collaborative relationships and influential researchers in Gastroenterology research. This information may be useful for understanding research trends and planning future collaborative studies. Results The study analyzed the co-authorship network of researchers in the field of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, focusing on the periods from 2000 to 2023. The analysis was conducted using data from the WoS and utilized both macro and micro-level network metrics to understand the evolution of collaborative networks in this field. 2000–2009 Network Analysis During the period from 2000 to 2009, the co-authorship network for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research comprised numerous components, with a network density of 0.0003654681 (Table 1), indicating a very sparse network (Fig. 1 ). The average clustering coefficient was 0.908948227 (Table 1), showing a high tendency for authors to form tight-knit groups. The network consisted of 2,194 components (Table 1), indicating a highly fragmented network with many isolated subgroups (Fig. 1 ). The average distance between nodes was infinite, suggesting that the network was not fully connected, and many authors did not share direct or indirect connections with others 8 . At the micro level, the top 20 authors by degree centrality were identified, with Gasbarrini, G having the highest degree centrality (0.0066), followed by Malfertheiner, P (0.0061) and Di Mario, F (0.0054) (Table 2). These authors were the most connected within the network, collaborating with the largest number of other researchers (Fig. 1 ). When considering closeness centrality, Vakil, N had the highest score (0.058) (Table 3), indicating that this author was closest to all other nodes in the network, thus occupying a central position in the dissemination of information (Fig. 1 ). Asaka, M topped the list for betweenness centrality (0.0128) (Table 4), reflecting this Japanese author’s key role in connecting different subgroups within the network (Fig. 1 ), making them a crucial figure in the flow of information across the network. 2010–2019 Network Analysis The co-authorship network during the period from 2010 to 2019 displayed a slight decrease in network density, with a value of 0.00026543 (Table 1), indicating an even sparser network compared to the previous decade (Fig. 2 ). The average clustering coefficient was 0.90408127 (Table 1), similar to the previous period, reflecting a persistent pattern of clustering among authors (Fig. 2 ). The number of components increased to 3,228 (Table 1), further highlighting the fragmented nature of the network with a significant number of isolated groups (Fig. 2 ). As in the earlier period, the average distance between nodes remained infinite (Table 1), indicating that many authors were not interconnected within the network. In terms of micro-level metrics, Hassan, Cesare emerged as the author with the highest degree centrality (0.0112) (Table 2), indicating extensive collaborations with other researchers (Fig. 2 ). Dumonceau, Jean-Marc (0.0081) and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (0.007) followed closely (Table 2), suggesting their influential positions within the network (Fig. 2 ). Regarding closeness centrality, Dumonceau, Jean-Marc (0.152) and Hassan, Cesare (0.151) were the leading authors (Table 3), occupying central roles within the network, enabling efficient communication and collaboration (Fig. 2 ). Dumonceau, Jean-Marc also had the highest betweenness centrality (0.0294) (Table 4), indicating a crucial role in bridging different research groups and facilitating the exchange of information across the network (Fig. 2 ). Fujimoto, Kazuma ranked 12th in degree centrality (0.005). In contrast, Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro Uedo, Noriya, and Gotoda, Takuji ranked 5th and 14th and 18th place in betweenness centrality (0.0174) (Table 4), marking significant contributions from Japanese researchers in this period. 2020–2023 Network Analysis During the period from 2020 to 2023, the co-authorship network for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research showed a slight increase in network density, reaching 0.00034 (Table 1), indicating a marginally denser network compared to the previous decade (Fig. 3 ). The average clustering coefficient rose to 0.913686747 (Table 1), the highest across the three periods, suggesting even stronger clustering tendencies among collaborating researchers (Fig. 3 ). The number of components decreased to 2,513 (Table 1), indicating some consolidation of the network, though it remained largely fragmented with many isolated subgroups (Fig. 3 ). The average distance between nodes continued to be infinite, suggesting that the network was not fully connected, and many authors did not share direct or indirect connections with others. At the micro level, the top 20 authors by degree centrality were identified, with Hassan, Cesare (0.0124), Repici, Alessandro (0.0103), and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (0.0098) having the highest degree centrality, showing their prominence in the field (Table 2). These authors were the most connected within the network, collaborating with the largest number of other researchers (Fig. 3 ). When considering closeness centrality, Hassan, Cesare (0.1607), Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (0.1596), and Repici, Alessandro (0.1589) (Table 3) had the highest scores, indicating that these authors were closest to all other nodes in the network (Fig. 3 ), thus occupying central positions in the dissemination of information (Fig. 3 ). Repici, Alessandro (0.0205), Sharma, Prateek (0.0204), and Hassan, Cesare (0.0164) topped the list for betweenness centrality (Table 4), reflecting their key roles in connecting different subgroups within the network (Fig. 3 ), making them crucial figures in the flow of information across the network. Japanese researchers maintained a strong presence in this period, with Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro ranking 6th, Tajiri, Hisao 7th, and Saito, Yutaka 9th in betweenness centrality (Table 4), reflecting their ongoing influence in connecting different subgroups within the network. Additionally, Inoue, Haruhiro and Ishikawa, Hideki were ranked 14th and 15th, respectively, underscoring the significance of Japan's contributions to the field. Summary The analysis of collaborative networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023 reveals significant insights into the evolution of co-authorship patterns. The study period was divided into three phases: 2000–2009, 2010–2019, and 2020–2023, each exhibiting unique network characteristics. From 2000 to 2009, the network density was 0.000365468, indicating a sparse network with limited collaborations. The average clustering coefficient was 0.908948227, suggesting a high tendency for authors to form tight-knit groups. The network comprised 2194 components, reflecting a fragmented structure with many isolated groups. The average distance between nodes was infinite, indicating that not all authors were reachable from each other (Table 1). Key authors during this period, based on degree centrality, included Gasbarrini, G., Malfertheiner, P., and Di Mario, F. In terms of closeness centrality, Vakil, N, van Zanten, SV, and Sung, J was prominent. Asaka, M, Adam, V, and Vakil, N were identified as key intermediaries based on betweenness centrality (Table 2–4). The period from 2010 to 2019 saw a slight decrease in network density to 0.00026543, indicating a further sparsification of the network. The average clustering coefficient remained high at 0.90408127, and the number of components increased to 3228, suggesting an even more fragmented network. The average distance between nodes remained infinite (Table 1). Prominent authors based on degree centrality included Hassan, Cesare, Dumonceau, Jean-Marc, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario. Dumonceau, Jean-Marc, Hassan, Cesare, and Sharma, Prateek were notable for their closeness centrality, while Dumonceau, Jean-Marc, Kiesslich, Ralf, and Hassan, Cesare were key intermediaries based on betweenness centrality (Table 2–4). In the most recent period from 2020 to 2023, the network density was 0.000340538, showing a slight increase compared to the previous decade. The average clustering coefficient was the highest at 0.913686747, indicating a strong tendency for authors to collaborate within clusters. The number of components decreased to 2513, suggesting a more connected network compared to the previous decade. However, the average distance between nodes remained infinite (Table 1). Key authors based on degree centrality included Hassan, Cesare, Repici, Alessandro, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario. In terms of closeness centrality, Hassan, Cesare, Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario, and Repici, Alessandro was prominent. Repici, Alessandro, Sharma, Prateek, and Hassan, Cesare were identified as key intermediaries based on betweenness centrality (Table 2–4). Overall, the analysis highlights the evolving nature of collaborative networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research, with key contributions from both Japanese researchers and internationally recognized figures like Hassan, Cesare (Italy) and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (Portugal), who played significant roles across multiple periods. The high clustering coefficients across all periods suggest a strong tendency for authors to form collaborative groups, while the fragmented nature of the network indicates opportunities for further integration and collaboration. Discussion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the co-authorship networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023, focusing on key collaborations and the role of influential researchers, particularly those from Japan. The analysis reveals significant trends and patterns that have shaped the evolution of collaborative research in this field. During the 2000–2009 period, the co-authorship network was characterized by a highly fragmented structure, with a network density of 0.000365468. This low density indicates that only a small fraction of potential collaborations was realized, reflecting the dispersed nature of research efforts in gastrointestinal endoscopy during this time. The high average clustering coefficient (0.908948227) suggests that while researchers formed tight-knit groups, these clusters remained relatively isolated from each other. The presence of 2194 components further highlight the fragmented nature of the network, with many researchers working within small, disconnected subgroups. Despite this fragmentation, certain researchers, such as Gasbarrini, G. and Malfertheiner, P., emerged as central figures within their respective clusters, as evidenced by their high degree of centrality. Asaka, M's top-ranking in betweenness centrality indicates their crucial role in bridging these isolated clusters, facilitating the flow of information across the network. The 2010–2019 period saw a continuation of these trends, with a slight decrease in network density to 0.00026543, further underscoring the sparse nature of collaborations in this field. The network remained highly clustered, with an average clustering coefficient of 0.90408127, and the number of components increased to 3228, indicating a growing fragmentation in research efforts. However, this period also witnessed the emergence of new central figures, such as Hassan, Cesare, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario, who demonstrated a high degree and closeness centrality, positioning them as influential collaborators within the network. The presence of Japanese researchers, such as Fujimoto, Kazuma and Uedo, Noriya, in the top ranks of betweenness centrality reflects Japan's growing influence in gastrointestinal endoscopy research during this period. These researchers played pivotal roles in connecting different research groups, thereby facilitating international collaboration and knowledge exchange. In the most recent period (2020–2023), the network structure showed signs of consolidation, with a slight increase in density and a decrease in the number of components. This suggests that collaborations have become more interconnected, possibly driven by the global nature of research and the increasing complexity of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. The centrality of researchers like Hassan, Cesare, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario remained high, indicating their continued influence in shaping the research landscape. The prominence of Japanese researchers in this period, particularly in terms of betweenness centrality, highlights Japan's critical role in advancing gastrointestinal endoscopy research on a global scale. These researchers have not only contributed to the development of new techniques and technologies but have also played a key role in fostering international collaborations that drive innovation in this field. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the importance of collaborative networks in advancing gastrointestinal endoscopy research. The central role of certain researchers and the evolving structure of the network reflect the dynamic nature of this field, where international collaboration is essential for driving innovation and improving patient outcomes. As the field continues to evolve, fostering stronger connections between researchers and reducing network fragmentation will be crucial for sustaining progress and addressing the complex challenges that lie ahead. The insights gained from this analysis provide valuable guidance for future research planning, funding allocation, and the development of strategies to enhance international collaboration in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Conclusion The analysis of collaborative networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023 reveals several key insights into the evolution of co-authorship patterns within the field. Across the three distinct periods studied 2000–2009, 2010–2019, and 2020–2023 the networks exhibited varying degrees of connectivity and collaboration. During the 2000–2009 period, the co-authorship network was characterized by low density and high fragmentation, with many isolated subgroups and limited collaboration among researchers. Despite this, certain authors emerged as central figures, demonstrating the importance of individual researchers in connecting disparate parts of the network. In the 2010–2019 period, the network became even more fragmented, with a further decrease in density. However, the persistence of high clustering coefficients indicated that when collaborations did occur, they tended to be within tight-knit groups. Notably, the emergence of key researchers such as Cesare Hassan (Italy) and Jean-Marc Dumonceau (Argentina) highlighted the growing influence of specific individuals in facilitating collaboration and information flow across the network. The 2020–2023 period showed a slight increase in network density, suggesting a trend towards greater connectivity within the field. This period also saw a consolidation of influence among a few prominent researchers, with Cesare Hassan (Italy), Mario Dinis-Ribeiro (Portugal), and Alessandro Repici (Italy) playing critical roles in maintaining the network's cohesiveness. Japanese researchers continued to contribute significantly, particularly in bridging different research subgroups, thus reinforcing Japan's leadership in the field. Overall, the evolution of these networks underscores the crucial role of key researchers in shaping the collaborative landscape of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research. The findings highlight both the challenges and opportunities within the field, emphasizing the importance of fostering broader collaboration to enhance the exchange of knowledge and drive innovation. Abbreviations WoS, Web of Science; IDE, Integrated Development Environment; ESD, Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Declarations Funding statement: none Conflict of interest disclosure statement: none Ethics approval statement: not applicable for this article. References Chen Y, Wu G, Qu C, Ye Z, Kang Y, Tian X (2023) A multifaceted comparative analysis of image and video technologies in gastrointestinal endoscope and their clinical applications. Front Med (Lausanne) 10:1226748 Fujita R, Nagahama M, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi H, Yamamura M, Kawase S, Satake Y (2020) Contributions from Japan to gastrointestinal endoscopy training and development: Special report. Dig Endosc 32(5):699–705 Fujishiro M, Matsumoto T (2022) History of endoscopes: Contribution of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. Dig Endosc 34(Suppl 2):13–14 Suri C, Pande B, Sahu T, Sahithi LS, Verma HK (2024) Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Disorder Management: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Prospects. J Clin Med 13(13):3977 Wasserman S, Faust K (1994) Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815478 Newman M (2001) Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and centrality. Phys Rev E 64(1):016132 Newman ME (2001) The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(2):404–409 Barabasi AL, Albert R (1999) Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286(5439):509–512 Tables Tables 1 to 4 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files Table1.xlsx Network Metrics Table2.xlsx Top 20 Nodes by Degree Centrality Table3.xlsx Top 20 Nodes by Closeness Centrality Table4.xlsx Top 20 Nodes by Betweenness Centrality Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvolution of Collaborative Networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Analyzing Key Collaborations and Network Characteristics (2000-2023)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground and Objectives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGastrointestinal endoscopy is a critical field in medical research, essential for the diagnosis and treatment of various digestive disorders. Advancements in endoscopic technology have significantly improved patient outcomes, with procedures like Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) reducing the need for invasive surgery and enhancing early cancer detection. These technological innovations have expanded the capabilities of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, ultimately improving clinical outcomes on a global scale \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. Countries worldwide have contributed to these advancements, with Japan, the United States, and Germany leading the way in pioneering new techniques and technologies that have shaped modern endoscopic practices. This global collaboration has fostered a dynamic international research environment, where cross-border partnerships drive continuous innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs Japan faces an aging society, the demand for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in gastrointestinal care has increased significantly. Japan has been at the forefront of gastrointestinal endoscopy, introducing numerous innovations and fostering a strong community of researchers dedicated to advancing this field. These contributions extend beyond technological advancements to include extensive training programs and the promotion of international collaboration. Japan\u0026rsquo;s leadership in gastrointestinal endoscopy is recognized not only for its technological prowess but also for its role in shaping global standards and practices in the field \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGiven Japan\u0026apos;s prominent role in endoscopic technology \u003csup\u003e3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eand the increasing global demand for advancements in gastrointestinal care \u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e, it is vital to understand the collaborative dynamics within this field. Co-authorship network analysis provides a powerful framework for exploring these dynamics, revealing the structure of research collaborations and the influence of key researchers. This study aims to highlight the contributions of Japanese researchers within the international context and to identify how they influence and drive global research collaborations in gastrointestinal endoscopy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of collaborative networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023, with a particular focus on the role of Japanese researchers. By examining co-authorship patterns, the study seeks to identify key collaborations, assess the centrality of Japanese researchers, and explore the overall structure of the research network. This analysis will provide insights into the contributions of Japanese researchers and help predict future trends in gastrointestinal endoscopy research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScope of the Study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study examines publications related to gastrointestinal endoscopy indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database between 2000 and 2023. A total of 23,307 articles were selected for analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of the collaborative landscape within this specialized field over the past two decades. The dataset ensures the inclusion of the most recent publications (as of August 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificance of the Study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study will shed light on the significant role Japanese researchers play in the global gastrointestinal endoscopy research community. By analyzing their contributions and influence through co-authorship network analysis, the study will demonstrate how Japanese researchers contribute to and shape international collaborations. The insights gained will not only inform strategies to strengthen global partnerships but also guide funding bodies and policymakers in supporting research that fosters innovation and international collaboration in this vital medical field. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for fostering future collaborations, driving innovation, and enhancing the overall impact of research in gastrointestinal endoscopy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study investigates the co-authorship patterns in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research papers. I utilized the WoS database, conducting a \"Topic search\" with the keyword \" gastrointestinal endoscopy\" to analyze a total of 23,307 articles published between 2000 and 2023 (as of August 2024). In this analysis, I examined who collaborated with whom in co-authoring these papers. I conducted network analysis using the Python programming language (version 3.10.5) within the integrated development environment (IDE) PyCharm (software version 2022.1.3). This study employed methodology-established principles of social network analysis \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. I carried out the analysis in two main parts:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMacro-level Metrics:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eNetwork Density\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculated as the ratio of the number of edges to the maximum possible edges between all nodes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eClustering Coefficient\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasured the extent to which nodes form clusters by considering the number of edges among neighboring nodes and calculating the average.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eComponents\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentified and counted the number of subgraphs (components) where nodes are mutually connected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAverage Path Length\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluated the average \"distance\" between nodes by calculating the overall average path length in the network \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMicro-level Metrics:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDegree Centrality\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasured the importance of each node by counting the number of edges it has in the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCloseness Centrality\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefined as the inverse of the sum of the shortest path lengths from a node to all other nodes, measuring how close each node is to others in the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eBetweenness Centrality\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessed the extent to which a node lies on the shortest paths between other nodes, indicating its importance in information transmission within the network \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significance of these macro-level metrics in understanding the structure of scientific collaboration networks and these micro-level centrality measures in scientific collaboration networks has been well documented and used \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Through these analyses, I can identify collaborative relationships and influential researchers in Gastroenterology research. This information may be useful for understanding research trends and planning future collaborative studies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study analyzed the co-authorship network of researchers in the field of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, focusing on the periods from 2000 to 2023. The analysis was conducted using data from the WoS and utilized both macro and micro-level network metrics to understand the evolution of collaborative networks in this field.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2000\u0026ndash;2009 Network Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the period from 2000 to 2009, the co-authorship network for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research comprised numerous components, with a network density of 0.0003654681 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), indicating a very sparse network (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The average clustering coefficient was 0.908948227 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), showing a high tendency for authors to form tight-knit groups. The network consisted of 2,194 components (Table\u0026nbsp;1), indicating a highly fragmented network with many isolated subgroups (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The average distance between nodes was infinite, suggesting that the network was not fully connected, and many authors did not share direct or indirect connections with others \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the micro level, the top 20 authors by degree centrality were identified, with Gasbarrini, G having the highest degree centrality (0.0066), followed by Malfertheiner, P (0.0061) and Di Mario, F (0.0054) (Table\u0026nbsp;2). These authors were the most connected within the network, collaborating with the largest number of other researchers (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). When considering closeness centrality, Vakil, N had the highest score (0.058) (Table\u0026nbsp;3), indicating that this author was closest to all other nodes in the network, thus occupying a central position in the dissemination of information (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Asaka, M topped the list for betweenness centrality (0.0128) (Table\u0026nbsp;4), reflecting this Japanese author\u0026rsquo;s key role in connecting different subgroups within the network (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), making them a crucial figure in the flow of information across the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2010\u0026ndash;2019 Network Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe co-authorship network during the period from 2010 to 2019 displayed a slight decrease in network density, with a value of 0.00026543 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), indicating an even sparser network compared to the previous decade (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The average clustering coefficient was 0.90408127 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), similar to the previous period, reflecting a persistent pattern of clustering among authors (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The number of components increased to 3,228 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), further highlighting the fragmented nature of the network with a significant number of isolated groups (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). As in the earlier period, the average distance between nodes remained infinite (Table\u0026nbsp;1), indicating that many authors were not interconnected within the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of micro-level metrics, Hassan, Cesare emerged as the author with the highest degree centrality (0.0112) (Table\u0026nbsp;2), indicating extensive collaborations with other researchers (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Dumonceau, Jean-Marc (0.0081) and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (0.007) followed closely (Table\u0026nbsp;2), suggesting their influential positions within the network (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Regarding closeness centrality, Dumonceau, Jean-Marc (0.152) and Hassan, Cesare (0.151) were the leading authors (Table\u0026nbsp;3), occupying central roles within the network, enabling efficient communication and collaboration (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Dumonceau, Jean-Marc also had the highest betweenness centrality (0.0294) (Table\u0026nbsp;4), indicating a crucial role in bridging different research groups and facilitating the exchange of information across the network (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Fujimoto, Kazuma ranked 12th in degree centrality (0.005). In contrast, Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro Uedo, Noriya, and Gotoda, Takuji ranked 5th and 14th and 18th place in betweenness centrality (0.0174) (Table\u0026nbsp;4), marking significant contributions from Japanese researchers in this period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2020\u0026ndash;2023 Network Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the period from 2020 to 2023, the co-authorship network for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research showed a slight increase in network density, reaching 0.00034 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), indicating a marginally denser network compared to the previous decade (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The average clustering coefficient rose to 0.913686747 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), the highest across the three periods, suggesting even stronger clustering tendencies among collaborating researchers (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The number of components decreased to 2,513 (Table\u0026nbsp;1), indicating some consolidation of the network, though it remained largely fragmented with many isolated subgroups (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The average distance between nodes continued to be infinite, suggesting that the network was not fully connected, and many authors did not share direct or indirect connections with others.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the micro level, the top 20 authors by degree centrality were identified, with Hassan, Cesare (0.0124), Repici, Alessandro (0.0103), and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (0.0098) having the highest degree centrality, showing their prominence in the field (Table\u0026nbsp;2). These authors were the most connected within the network, collaborating with the largest number of other researchers (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). When considering closeness centrality, Hassan, Cesare (0.1607), Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (0.1596), and Repici, Alessandro (0.1589) (Table\u0026nbsp;3) had the highest scores, indicating that these authors were closest to all other nodes in the network (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), thus occupying central positions in the dissemination of information (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Repici, Alessandro (0.0205), Sharma, Prateek (0.0204), and Hassan, Cesare (0.0164) topped the list for betweenness centrality (Table\u0026nbsp;4), reflecting their key roles in connecting different subgroups within the network (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), making them crucial figures in the flow of information across the network. Japanese researchers maintained a strong presence in this period, with Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro ranking 6th, Tajiri, Hisao 7th, and Saito, Yutaka 9th in betweenness centrality (Table\u0026nbsp;4), reflecting their ongoing influence in connecting different subgroups within the network. Additionally, Inoue, Haruhiro and Ishikawa, Hideki were ranked 14th and 15th, respectively, underscoring the significance of Japan's contributions to the field.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSummary\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analysis of collaborative networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023 reveals significant insights into the evolution of co-authorship patterns. The study period was divided into three phases: 2000\u0026ndash;2009, 2010\u0026ndash;2019, and 2020\u0026ndash;2023, each exhibiting unique network characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom 2000 to 2009, the network density was 0.000365468, indicating a sparse network with limited collaborations. The average clustering coefficient was 0.908948227, suggesting a high tendency for authors to form tight-knit groups. The network comprised 2194 components, reflecting a fragmented structure with many isolated groups. The average distance between nodes was infinite, indicating that not all authors were reachable from each other (Table\u0026nbsp;1). Key authors during this period, based on degree centrality, included Gasbarrini, G., Malfertheiner, P., and Di Mario, F. In terms of closeness centrality, Vakil, N, van Zanten, SV, and Sung, J was prominent. Asaka, M, Adam, V, and Vakil, N were identified as key intermediaries based on betweenness centrality (Table\u0026nbsp;2\u0026ndash;4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe period from 2010 to 2019 saw a slight decrease in network density to 0.00026543, indicating a further sparsification of the network. The average clustering coefficient remained high at 0.90408127, and the number of components increased to 3228, suggesting an even more fragmented network. The average distance between nodes remained infinite (Table\u0026nbsp;1). Prominent authors based on degree centrality included Hassan, Cesare, Dumonceau, Jean-Marc, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario. Dumonceau, Jean-Marc, Hassan, Cesare, and Sharma, Prateek were notable for their closeness centrality, while Dumonceau, Jean-Marc, Kiesslich, Ralf, and Hassan, Cesare were key intermediaries based on betweenness centrality (Table\u0026nbsp;2\u0026ndash;4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the most recent period from 2020 to 2023, the network density was 0.000340538, showing a slight increase compared to the previous decade. The average clustering coefficient was the highest at 0.913686747, indicating a strong tendency for authors to collaborate within clusters. The number of components decreased to 2513, suggesting a more connected network compared to the previous decade. However, the average distance between nodes remained infinite (Table\u0026nbsp;1). Key authors based on degree centrality included Hassan, Cesare, Repici, Alessandro, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario. In terms of closeness centrality, Hassan, Cesare, Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario, and Repici, Alessandro was prominent. Repici, Alessandro, Sharma, Prateek, and Hassan, Cesare were identified as key intermediaries based on betweenness centrality (Table\u0026nbsp;2\u0026ndash;4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the analysis highlights the evolving nature of collaborative networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research, with key contributions from both Japanese researchers and internationally recognized figures like Hassan, Cesare (Italy) and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario (Portugal), who played significant roles across multiple periods. The high clustering coefficients across all periods suggest a strong tendency for authors to form collaborative groups, while the fragmented nature of the network indicates opportunities for further integration and collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the co-authorship networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023, focusing on key collaborations and the role of influential researchers, particularly those from Japan. The analysis reveals significant trends and patterns that have shaped the evolution of collaborative research in this field.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the 2000\u0026ndash;2009 period, the co-authorship network was characterized by a highly fragmented structure, with a network density of 0.000365468. This low density indicates that only a small fraction of potential collaborations was realized, reflecting the dispersed nature of research efforts in gastrointestinal endoscopy during this time. The high average clustering coefficient (0.908948227) suggests that while researchers formed tight-knit groups, these clusters remained relatively isolated from each other. The presence of 2194 components further highlight the fragmented nature of the network, with many researchers working within small, disconnected subgroups. Despite this fragmentation, certain researchers, such as Gasbarrini, G. and Malfertheiner, P., emerged as central figures within their respective clusters, as evidenced by their high degree of centrality. Asaka, M's top-ranking in betweenness centrality indicates their crucial role in bridging these isolated clusters, facilitating the flow of information across the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 2010\u0026ndash;2019 period saw a continuation of these trends, with a slight decrease in network density to 0.00026543, further underscoring the sparse nature of collaborations in this field. The network remained highly clustered, with an average clustering coefficient of 0.90408127, and the number of components increased to 3228, indicating a growing fragmentation in research efforts. However, this period also witnessed the emergence of new central figures, such as Hassan, Cesare, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario, who demonstrated a high degree and closeness centrality, positioning them as influential collaborators within the network. The presence of Japanese researchers, such as Fujimoto, Kazuma and Uedo, Noriya, in the top ranks of betweenness centrality reflects Japan's growing influence in gastrointestinal endoscopy research during this period. These researchers played pivotal roles in connecting different research groups, thereby facilitating international collaboration and knowledge exchange.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the most recent period (2020\u0026ndash;2023), the network structure showed signs of consolidation, with a slight increase in density and a decrease in the number of components. This suggests that collaborations have become more interconnected, possibly driven by the global nature of research and the increasing complexity of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. The centrality of researchers like Hassan, Cesare, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario remained high, indicating their continued influence in shaping the research landscape. The prominence of Japanese researchers in this period, particularly in terms of betweenness centrality, highlights Japan's critical role in advancing gastrointestinal endoscopy research on a global scale. These researchers have not only contributed to the development of new techniques and technologies but have also played a key role in fostering international collaborations that drive innovation in this field.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the findings of this study underscore the importance of collaborative networks in advancing gastrointestinal endoscopy research. The central role of certain researchers and the evolving structure of the network reflect the dynamic nature of this field, where international collaboration is essential for driving innovation and improving patient outcomes. As the field continues to evolve, fostering stronger connections between researchers and reducing network fragmentation will be crucial for sustaining progress and addressing the complex challenges that lie ahead. The insights gained from this analysis provide valuable guidance for future research planning, funding allocation, and the development of strategies to enhance international collaboration in gastrointestinal endoscopy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of collaborative networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023 reveals several key insights into the evolution of co-authorship patterns within the field. Across the three distinct periods studied 2000\u0026ndash;2009, 2010\u0026ndash;2019, and 2020\u0026ndash;2023 the networks exhibited varying degrees of connectivity and collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the 2000\u0026ndash;2009 period, the co-authorship network was characterized by low density and high fragmentation, with many isolated subgroups and limited collaboration among researchers. Despite this, certain authors emerged as central figures, demonstrating the importance of individual researchers in connecting disparate parts of the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the 2010\u0026ndash;2019 period, the network became even more fragmented, with a further decrease in density. However, the persistence of high clustering coefficients indicated that when collaborations did occur, they tended to be within tight-knit groups. Notably, the emergence of key researchers such as Cesare Hassan (Italy) and Jean-Marc Dumonceau (Argentina) highlighted the growing influence of specific individuals in facilitating collaboration and information flow across the network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 2020\u0026ndash;2023 period showed a slight increase in network density, suggesting a trend towards greater connectivity within the field. This period also saw a consolidation of influence among a few prominent researchers, with Cesare Hassan (Italy), Mario Dinis-Ribeiro (Portugal), and Alessandro Repici (Italy) playing critical roles in maintaining the network's cohesiveness. Japanese researchers continued to contribute significantly, particularly in bridging different research subgroups, thus reinforcing Japan's leadership in the field.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the evolution of these networks underscores the crucial role of key researchers in shaping the collaborative landscape of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy research. The findings highlight both the challenges and opportunities within the field, emphasizing the importance of fostering broader collaboration to enhance the exchange of knowledge and drive innovation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eWoS, Web of Science; IDE, Integrated Development Environment; ESD, Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding statement:\u003c/strong\u003e none\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest disclosure statement:\u003c/strong\u003e none\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval statement:\u003c/strong\u003e not applicable for this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen Y, Wu G, Qu C, Ye Z, Kang Y, Tian X (2023) A multifaceted comparative analysis of image and video technologies in gastrointestinal endoscope and their clinical applications. Front Med (Lausanne) 10:1226748\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFujita R, Nagahama M, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi H, Yamamura M, Kawase S, Satake Y (2020) Contributions from Japan to gastrointestinal endoscopy training and development: Special report. Dig Endosc 32(5):699\u0026ndash;705\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFujishiro M, Matsumoto T (2022) History of endoscopes: Contribution of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. Dig Endosc 34(Suppl 2):13\u0026ndash;14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuri C, Pande B, Sahu T, Sahithi LS, Verma HK (2024) Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Disorder Management: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Prospects. J Clin Med 13(13):3977\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWasserman S, Faust K (1994) Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815478\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1017/CBO9780511815478\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNewman M (2001) Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and centrality. Phys Rev E 64(1):016132\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNewman ME (2001) The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(2):404\u0026ndash;409\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBarabasi AL, Albert R (1999) Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286(5439):509\u0026ndash;512\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTables 1 to 4 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"This research was not sponsored or organized by any specific institution.","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gastrointestinal endoscopy, co-authorship network, network analysis, collaboration, Japanese researchers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982677/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982677/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eAim\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to analyze the evolution of collaborative networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research from 2000 to 2023. The focus is on identifying key collaborations and evaluating the centrality of Japanese researchers within the global context.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethod\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData from 23,307 articles related to gastrointestinal endoscopy, published between 2000 and 2023, were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Network analysis was conducted using Python (version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm (software version 2022.1.3) development environment. The analysis employed macro-level metrics, including network density, clustering coefficient, components, and average distance, as well as micro-level metrics, such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResult\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that the co-authorship network in gastrointestinal endoscopy research has evolved significantly over the past two decades. The network density slightly increased from 0.0003654681 in 2000\u0026ndash;2009 to 0.00034 in 2020\u0026ndash;2023, while the average clustering coefficient also rose, indicating stronger clustering among researchers. Key researchers, including Hassan, Cesare, and Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario, were identified as central figures in the network, maintaining high degree and closeness centrality throughout the study period. Japanese researchers, such as Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro, and Saito, Yutaka, also played a prominent role in connecting different subgroups within the network, particularly in the later years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analysis demonstrates the dynamic nature of collaborative networks in gastrointestinal endoscopy research, with Japanese researchers playing a pivotal role in global collaborations. The findings highlight the importance of these researchers in driving innovation and shaping the future of gastrointestinal endoscopy.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evolution of Collaborative Networks in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Analyzing Key Collaborations and Network Characteristics (2000-2023)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-28 05:47:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982677/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3ed88d0e-9989-48b0-8de0-6032abb23401","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 28th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":36634408,"name":"Medical Informatics"},{"id":36634409,"name":"Gastroenterology \u0026 Hepatology"},{"id":36634410,"name":"Bioinformatics"},{"id":36634411,"name":"Information Retrieval and Management"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-28T05:47:51+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-28 05:47:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4982677","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4982677","identity":"rs-4982677","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}