Application of a novel phage W5 for biological control 1 of Salmonella Typhimurium in different food matrices

Application of a novel phage W5 for biological control 1 of Salmonella Typhimurium in different food matrices | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Application of a novel phage W5 for biological control 1 of Salmonella Typhimurium in different food matrices Qian Chong, Kaihui Yang, Ziqiu Fan, Yonghui Ma, Kunzhong Zhang, and 9 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4717431/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Salmonella, as one of the four major foodborne pathogens, poses a serious challenge to global public health. The aim of this paper is to apply phage eradication for biocontrol of salmonellosis in different food matrices. Results: This study isolated a novel lytic phage, designated as W5, isolated from livestock and poultry slaughterhouse effluent. W5 displayed effective lytic activity against prevalent Salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Choleraesuis, and Salmonella Typhi. Morphological observations indicate that phage W5 belongs to the family Myoviridae and the order Caudoviridae , the whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis also confirmed W5 as a novel species within the Cornellvirus genus of the Guernseyvirinae subfamily . The biological characterization revealed that phage W5 had an optimal infection complex of 1, with a brief incubation period of 22 min followed by a logarithmic phase extending from 22 min to 70 min to peak at a maximum of 3.67 × 10 11 PFU/mL and achieving a plateau period after 70 min. Moreover, W5 exhibits robust thermal and acid–base stability, optimally active at 50 °C and stable across a pH range of 3 to 13. Neither SM buffer nor glycerol impacted the activity of W5, with 98% of the phage adsorbing to the host bacteria within 13 min of post-mixing. Further tests demonstrated that W5 can inhibit Salmonella in milk, pork, and eggs, effectively prevent biofilm formation, and remove biofilm. These results suggest that phage W5 is abundantly available as a potential antimicrobial agent for Salmonella control in the food industry, owing to its safety and effectiveness. Conclusions: Biological characterization, genome-wide analysis, and application of phage W5 showed that this phage is a promising candidate for use in phage mixtures or other phage-based preparations. Phage Salmonella Typhimurium Food safety Biofilm Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SampleCollectionInformation.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4717431","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":327030973,"identity":"d86ee29b-7c0c-4add-83bc-09fed042809b","order_by":0,"name":"Qian Chong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gansu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qian","middleName":"","lastName":"Chong","suffix":""},{"id":327030974,"identity":"1db87c27-b105-436b-9ab5-9eeea8ccf330","order_by":1,"name":"Kaihui Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gansu Agricultural 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matrices","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Phage, Salmonella Typhimurium, Food safety, Biofilm","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4717431/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4717431/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalmonella,\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;as one of the four\u0026nbsp;major\u0026nbsp;foodborne pathogens, poses a serious challenge to global public health. The aim of this paper is to apply phage eradication for biocontrol of salmonellosis in different food matrices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis study isolated a novel lytic phage, designated as W5, isolated from livestock and poultry slaughterhouse effluent. W5 displayed effective lytic activity against prevalent\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;serotypes, including\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eTyphimurium,\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eCholeraesuis, and\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eTyphi.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eMorphological observations indicate that phage W5 belongs to the family\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eMyoviridae\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;and the order\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Caudoviridae\u003c/em\u003e, the whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis also confirmed W5 as a novel species within the\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eCornellvirus\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;genus of the\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eGuernseyvirinae\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esubfamily\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eThe biological characterization revealed that phage W5 had an optimal infection complex of 1, with a brief incubation period of 22 min followed by a logarithmic phase extending from 22 min to 70 min to peak at a maximum of 3.67 × 10\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;PFU/mL and achieving a plateau period after 70 min. Moreover, W5 exhibits robust thermal and acid–base stability, optimally active at 50 °C and stable across a pH range of 3 to 13. Neither SM buffer nor glycerol impacted the activity of W5, with 98% of the phage adsorbing to the host bacteria within 13 min of post-mixing. Further tests demonstrated that W5 can inhibit\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;in milk, pork, and eggs, effectively prevent biofilm formation, and remove biofilm. These results suggest that phage W5 is abundantly available as a potential antimicrobial agent for\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;control in the food industry, owing to its safety and effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eBiological characterization, genome-wide analysis, and application of phage W5 showed that this phage is a promising candidate for use in phage mixtures or other phage-based preparations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Application of a novel phage W5 for biological control 1 of Salmonella Typhimurium in different food matrices","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-05 05:53:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4717431/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d0ac91c2-d6fe-4444-adf3-3b3251ad89ba","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 5th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-30T16:38:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-05 05:53:50","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4717431","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4717431","identity":"rs-4717431","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}