The comparison of cellulose regeneration behavior in different solvents after sulfuric acid treatment

The comparison of cellulose regeneration behavior in different solvents after sulfuric acid treatment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The comparison of cellulose regeneration behavior in different solvents after sulfuric acid treatment Xinyuan Du, Yuke Han, Xueni He, Yi Lu, Suan Shi, Lujia Han This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4563229/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background The efficient utilization of cellulose requires certain treatments. Regeneration of cellulose after dissolving it using chemical reagents is one of the commonly used methods. In this study, a high solid/liquid ratio beyond the region normally explored in the conventional processes was applied in the sulfuric acid treatment of cellulose, and different solvents were employed in the cellulose regeneration process. Results Sulfuric acid in the swelling state was effective in disrupting the cellulose structure and breaking its internal hydrogen bonds. The crystal type of the cellulose samples regenerated in water was cellulose II, while samples generated in methanol and ethanol showed amorphous structures. Meanwhile, the degree of polymerization (DP), average particle size (D 50 ), and crystallinity (CrI) values of the samples were ranked as water > methanol > ethanol in terms of the regeneration solvents. This order was correlated with the polarity and molecular size of the solvents. The stronger the polarity, the more the liquid could form hydrogen bonds with the sulfuric acid during the regeneration process, which resulted in a higher degree of cellulose agglomeration. When cellulose was regenerated in ethanol after acid treatment, its DP decreased from 210 to 17 and its CrI decreased from 78.90 to 15.39 which will facilitate the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of the enzymatic hydrolysis experiments showed that the glucose productivity of the sample from ethanol was the highest among the three regeneration solvents. Conclusion The regeneration solvents have significant impact on the crystal types and physio-chemical property of regenerated cellulose after acid treatment. Solvents with more polarity have a greater ability to form hydrogen bonds with sulfuric acid, resulting in a higher degree of cellulose re-polymerization, while solvents with smaller molecular size give the cellulose less spatial hindrance in forming hydrogen bonds for re-polymerization. Ethanol is considered to be a better solvent for cellulose regeneration after acid treatment among water, ethanol, and methanol. cellulose sulfuric acid regeneration polarity crystal form Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4563229","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":317717095,"identity":"38e319fd-d800-43d5-a639-5942f3369412","order_by":0,"name":"Xinyuan Du","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinyuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Du","suffix":""},{"id":317717097,"identity":"f01dc1b8-359a-42a5-b10f-036a8e7bd784","order_by":1,"name":"Yuke Han","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuke","middleName":"","lastName":"Han","suffix":""},{"id":317717098,"identity":"f432c646-6099-4459-9284-a6e17ead3c71","order_by":2,"name":"Xueni He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xueni","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":317717100,"identity":"0e031087-d55a-48f2-8b92-58eb476c54c8","order_by":3,"name":"Yi Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yi","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":317717102,"identity":"232bd236-6c33-4952-983e-c5bc6874fec9","order_by":4,"name":"Suan Shi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYJOQiLjQQtxiRrYUhsIFqL/IzkZw9/7rBI728/Y8DwoewwA//sBvxaDG6kmRvznpHInXEmx4BxxrnDDBJ3DhDQIpFgJs3YJpG7gSHHgJm37TBIhJDD0r9J/myTSDfgf2PA/JcYLQw3cswkeNskEgwkgLYwEqPF4MybMmmgFsMZN54VHOw5l84jcYOQw9rTtwEdVifP35+88cGPMms5/hmEHIYMDgAxDwnqR8EoGAWjYBTgAgCkLj3+Wkv/SQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"China Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suan","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":317717104,"identity":"3994b9e7-daf6-4316-8d10-21d4bd4500ff","order_by":5,"name":"Lujia Han","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lujia","middleName":"","lastName":"Han","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-11 10:05:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4563229/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4563229/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63191994,"identity":"33bded87-0dfd-4ee0-91cc-0bd9bef24fd5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-24 15:47:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1105073,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CelluloseII.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4563229/v1_covered_71906904-6168-463f-b056-5d35f771e44a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The comparison of cellulose regeneration behavior in different solvents after sulfuric acid treatment","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"cellulose, sulfuric acid, regeneration, polarity, crystal form","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4563229/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4563229/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe efficient utilization of cellulose requires certain treatments. Regeneration of cellulose after dissolving it using chemical reagents is one of the commonly used methods. In this study, a high solid/liquid ratio beyond the region normally explored in the conventional processes was applied in the sulfuric acid treatment of cellulose, and different solvents were employed in the cellulose regeneration process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSulfuric acid in the swelling state was effective in disrupting the cellulose structure and breaking its internal hydrogen bonds. The crystal type of the cellulose samples regenerated in water was cellulose II, while samples generated in methanol and ethanol showed amorphous structures. Meanwhile, the degree of polymerization (DP), average particle size (D\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e), and crystallinity (CrI) values of the samples were ranked as water\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;methanol\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;ethanol in terms of the regeneration solvents. This order was correlated with the polarity and molecular size of the solvents. The stronger the polarity, the more the liquid could form hydrogen bonds with the sulfuric acid during the regeneration process, which resulted in a higher degree of cellulose agglomeration. When cellulose was regenerated in ethanol after acid treatment, its DP decreased from 210 to 17 and its CrI decreased from 78.90 to 15.39 which will facilitate the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of the enzymatic hydrolysis experiments showed that the glucose productivity of the sample from ethanol was the highest among the three regeneration solvents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe regeneration solvents have significant impact on the crystal types and physio-chemical property of regenerated cellulose after acid treatment. Solvents with more polarity have a greater ability to form hydrogen bonds with sulfuric acid, resulting in a higher degree of cellulose re-polymerization, while solvents with smaller molecular size give the cellulose less spatial hindrance in forming hydrogen bonds for re-polymerization. Ethanol is considered to be a better solvent for cellulose regeneration after acid treatment among water, ethanol, and methanol.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The comparison of cellulose regeneration behavior in different solvents after sulfuric acid treatment","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-27 17:16:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4563229/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"842c5419-7113-4393-be1b-07c4813f8e2b","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 27th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-24T15:39:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-27 17:16:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4563229","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4563229","identity":"rs-4563229","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}