Influence of Timber Materials on Thermal Comfort in Semi-outdoor Coastal Buildings: A Field Measurement and Cfd Analysis

Influence of Timber Materials on Thermal Comfort in Semi-outdoor Coastal Buildings: A Field Measurement and Cfd Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of Timber Materials on Thermal Comfort in Semi-outdoor Coastal Buildings: A Field Measurement and Cfd Analysis Ade Riskia, - Muslimsyah, Laina Hilma Sari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8198515/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Timber buildings have significant potential to support sustainable design, particularly in coastal areas that require passive strategies to maintain thermal comfort. This study aims to evaluate the thermal conditions and natural ventilation patterns of three semi-open timber structures at Maha Corner Café through the integration of field measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and WBGT were measured over a two-day period, and the results were combined with CFD modeling to provide a comprehensive understanding of temperature distribution and airflow dynamics. The findings indicate that all three buildings maintain an average temperature of approximately 29–30°C with a stable thermal distribution, while airflow variations are influenced by spatial configuration and opening orientation. Timber materials contribute to thermal stability through their ability to moderate heat fluctuations and support natural ventilation in tropical coastal environments. These results confirm the potential of semi-open timber buildings as effective passive design strategies for enhancing thermal comfort and provide a scientific basis for their application in sustainable civil engineering practices. Timber Buildings Thermal Comfort Natural Ventilation CFD Simulation Sustainable Construction Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8198515","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":563719030,"identity":"0f97def7-c15b-4bfb-a568-78821db63927","order_by":0,"name":"Ade Riskia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Syiah Kuala University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ade","middleName":"","lastName":"Riskia","suffix":""},{"id":563719031,"identity":"7873373a-b477-4019-8610-ebe80f7509ec","order_by":1,"name":"- 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Analysis\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Timber Buildings, Thermal Comfort, Natural Ventilation, CFD Simulation, Sustainable Construction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8198515/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8198515/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTimber buildings have significant potential to support sustainable design, particularly in coastal areas that require passive strategies to maintain thermal comfort. This study aims to evaluate the thermal conditions and natural ventilation patterns of three semi-open timber structures at Maha Corner Caf\u0026eacute; through the integration of field measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and WBGT were measured over a two-day period, and the results were combined with CFD modeling to provide a comprehensive understanding of temperature distribution and airflow dynamics. The findings indicate that all three buildings maintain an average temperature of approximately 29\u0026ndash;30\u0026deg;C with a stable thermal distribution, while airflow variations are influenced by spatial configuration and opening orientation. Timber materials contribute to thermal stability through their ability to moderate heat fluctuations and support natural ventilation in tropical coastal environments. These results confirm the potential of semi-open timber buildings as effective passive design strategies for enhancing thermal comfort and provide a scientific basis for their application in sustainable civil engineering practices.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Influence of Timber Materials on Thermal Comfort in Semi-outdoor Coastal Buildings: A Field Measurement and Cfd Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-22 14:06:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8198515/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3a2749ff-e499-491c-b572-39c114012509","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-24T06:39:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-22 14:06:10","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8198515","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8198515","identity":"rs-8198515","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}