Enhancing Los Angeles’ Resilient Energy Systems Amid Wildfires

Enhancing Los Angeles’ Resilient Energy Systems Amid Wildfires | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Enhancing Los Angeles’ Resilient Energy Systems Amid Wildfires Alexis Pengfei Zhao, Mohannad Alhazmi, Shuangqi Li, Jiarong Li, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5868838/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Wildfires pose a significant threat to urban regions, with cities like Los Angeles facing increasing challenges due to their vulnerability to frequent and severe wildfire events. This study proposes a novel framework for optimizing fire rescue vehicle scheduling and energy system operations during wildfire disasters. By integrating predictive wildfire modeling with microgrid-based energy systems, the framework dynamically allocates energy resources to critical demands such as emergency shelters, hospitals, and rescue operations when grid supply is disrupted. The wildfire model simulates fire growth, wind-driven spread, and infrastructure impact, ensuring that the framework adapts to real-time conditions. A case study focusing on Los Angeles demonstrates the practical application of the proposed methodology, showcasing improved emergency response, minimized infrastructure losses, and enhanced operational efficiency during wildfires. This research highlights the importance of combining energy systems and disaster management strategies to build resilience in wildfire-prone urban areas, offering valuable insights for emergency planners and policymakers. Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering Physical sciences/Engineering/Energy infrastructure wildfires energy system resilience microgrids emergency rescue optimization Distributionally Robust Optimization fire modeling Los Angeles real-life applications Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Reviewers invited by journal 21 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5868838","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":446003710,"identity":"d0579332-f9fe-44d0-afe1-6e4ea9da6ca1","order_by":0,"name":"Alexis Pengfei Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alexis","middleName":"Pengfei","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":446003711,"identity":"0bdb5a93-0670-49b9-b64a-7862ee51d2a2","order_by":1,"name":"Mohannad Alhazmi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Saud University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohannad","middleName":"","lastName":"Alhazmi","suffix":""},{"id":446003712,"identity":"ba7ce9df-ba6d-4705-a5cb-d1d85ebcde74","order_by":2,"name":"Shuangqi Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuangqi","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":446003715,"identity":"ba9a8689-2c09-4144-97ed-26dbaa50b6a8","order_by":3,"name":"Jiarong Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harvard University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiarong","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":446003717,"identity":"b0337e62-958c-4402-ac1e-522a7aa48121","order_by":4,"name":"Da Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Da","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":446003721,"identity":"3891f8c0-a764-45c7-9ab2-a0fe29e11a32","order_by":5,"name":"Sheng Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSBmbAAS7I0NBz5UHEiACRKhhefwwYMzzpCkRSIt+TBvGxFa+Gc3H3v4c4dNnrxDjsFh3nl38gwOMB+8zcNgl4fTkjvH0o15z6QVGx44Y3Bw7rZnxQYH2JKteRiSi3FpMZDIMZNmbDucuLGxx+DA222HEzcc4DGT5mE4kNiAU0v+N8mfbf8TNzbzGBzgnQPSwv+NgJYcNgmgrxPns7ElHORtANvChleLxI00M2netuTEDTzMBw7OOHY4ceZhNmPLOQbJOLXwz0h+BnSYXeL8+Q+bP3yoOZzYd7z54Y03FXY4tSBceADGYgZzCakHAnmCho6CUTAKRsGIBQDIGWYXLWFwkwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Hohai University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":446003722,"identity":"49ef5017-8501-4f4f-8922-25c6141b4662","order_by":6,"name":"Paul Jen-Hwa Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Utah","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Paul","middleName":"Jen-Hwa","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":446003724,"identity":"5564ddc7-eae3-440d-8914-dcb46c40275e","order_by":7,"name":"Xin Ju","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xin","middleName":"","lastName":"Ju","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-20 22:23:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5868838/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5868838/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02433-w","type":"published","date":"2025-07-01T15:58:02+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86180234,"identity":"2920713c-9783-4c2c-acac-18ed63476710","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-07 16:21:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":798734,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisionApr4ALEXSRLAWildfireMicrogridtx.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5868838/v1_covered_122fcbe8-aa93-4e09-9745-3c47ef9324fc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Enhancing Los Angeles’ Resilient Energy Systems Amid Wildfires","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"wildfires, energy system resilience, microgrids, emergency rescue optimization, Distributionally Robust Optimization, fire modeling, Los Angeles real-life applications","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5868838/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5868838/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Wildfires pose a significant threat to urban regions, with cities like Los Angeles facing increasing challenges due to their vulnerability to frequent and severe wildfire events. This study proposes a novel framework for optimizing fire rescue vehicle scheduling and energy system operations during wildfire disasters. By integrating predictive wildfire modeling with microgrid-based energy systems, the framework dynamically allocates energy resources to critical demands such as emergency shelters, hospitals, and rescue operations when grid supply is disrupted. The wildfire model simulates fire growth, wind-driven spread, and infrastructure impact, ensuring that the framework adapts to real-time conditions. A case study focusing on Los Angeles demonstrates the practical application of the proposed methodology, showcasing improved emergency response, minimized infrastructure losses, and enhanced operational efficiency during wildfires. This research highlights the importance of combining energy systems and disaster management strategies to build resilience in wildfire-prone urban areas, offering valuable insights for emergency planners and policymakers.","manuscriptTitle":"Enhancing Los Angeles’ Resilient Energy Systems Amid Wildfires","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-23 03:10:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5868838/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-22T01:58:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-21T04:36:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-04-11T00:57:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3535949e-6ea4-4978-bdac-1ea5401c6acf","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":47472734,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering"},{"id":47472735,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Energy infrastructure"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-07T16:15:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5868838","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02433-w","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-07-01 15:58:02","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-23 03:10:07","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-02433-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02433-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5868838","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5868838","identity":"rs-5868838","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}