Conserved effector families of Phytophthora species drive NLR-mediated nonhost resistance in plants

Conserved effector families of Phytophthora species drive NLR-mediated nonhost resistance in plants | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Conserved effector families of Phytophthora species drive NLR-mediated nonhost resistance in plants Doil Choi, Soohyun Oh, Myung-Shin Kim, Hui Jeong Kang, Taewon Kim, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4272480/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor is suggested as a component of nonhost resistance (NHR). However, the evolutionary process of how plants develop receptors for recognizing wide range of non-adapted pathogens is still elusive. We observed that multiple RxLR effector families including 12 reported avirulence effectors of Phytophthora infestans are broadly conserved across the Phytophthora species. We cloned 69 effectors distributed into 8 families from 6 Phytophthora species, and confirmed that 60.87% (42/69) of the tested effectors are recognized by the corresponding Solanum NLR ( R1, R2, R3a, R8, Rpi-amr1, Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-vnt1 ). Notably, all the tested Solanum NLRs, except for Rpi-blb2 , were able to recognize homologous effectors of multiple Phytophthora species. Furthermore, we also confirmed that expression of R1 , R8 , and Rpi-amr1 conferred broad-spectrum resistance against multiple Phytophthora species in Nicotiana benthamiana . Combined results suggest that conserved effector families of Phytophthora species allow Solanaceae plants to recognize wide-range of pathogens by using NLRs that originally reported to recognize P. infestans , thus contribute to NLR-mediated NHR. Moreover, considering that resistance genes against most of Phytophthora species, except for P. infestans , have never been identified, our homology-based approach would provide a powerful strategy to identify functional NLRs against multiple pathogens threatening crop production. Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant immunity/Effectors in plant pathology Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant biotechnology/Molecular engineering in plants nonhost resistance Phytophthora effector NLR Solanaceae Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementarytablesNatureBiotechver.1.1.xlsx Supplementary Table 1~6 PDFSupplementaryfiguresOhetalNB2024.pdf Supplementary Figures 1~18 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4272480","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":292481462,"identity":"92bbcccd-4b79-4d6b-8ddb-1ebdc2fb5aed","order_by":0,"name":"Doil 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Solanaceae","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4272480/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4272480/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor is suggested as a component of nonhost resistance (NHR). However, the evolutionary process of how plants develop receptors for recognizing wide range of non-adapted pathogens is still elusive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe observed that multiple RxLR effector families including 12 reported avirulence effectors of \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora \u003c/em\u003einfestans are broadly conserved across the \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora \u003c/em\u003especies. We cloned 69 effectors distributed into 8 families from 6 \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora \u003c/em\u003especies, and confirmed that 60.87% (42/69) of the tested effectors are recognized by the corresponding \u003cem\u003eSolanum \u003c/em\u003eNLR (\u003cem\u003eR1, R2, R3a, R8, Rpi-amr1, Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-vnt1\u003c/em\u003e). Notably, all the tested \u003cem\u003eSolanum \u003c/em\u003eNLRs, except for \u003cem\u003eRpi-blb2\u003c/em\u003e, were able to recognize homologous effectors of multiple Phytophthora species. Furthermore, we also confirmed that expression of \u003cem\u003eR1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eR8\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eRpi-amr1\u003c/em\u003e conferred broad-spectrum resistance against multiple \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora \u003c/em\u003especies in \u003cem\u003eNicotiana benthamiana\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCombined results suggest that conserved effector families of \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora \u003c/em\u003especies allow Solanaceae plants to recognize wide-range of pathogens by using NLRs that originally reported to recognize \u003cem\u003eP. infestans\u003c/em\u003e, thus contribute to NLR-mediated NHR. Moreover, considering that resistance genes against most of \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora \u003c/em\u003especies, except for \u003cem\u003eP. infestans\u003c/em\u003e, have never been identified, our homology-based approach would provide a powerful strategy to identify functional NLRs against multiple pathogens threatening crop production.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Conserved effector families of Phytophthora species drive NLR-mediated nonhost resistance in plants","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-30 06:31:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4272480/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-communications","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"NCOMMS","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nature Communications](http://www.nature.com/ncomms/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://mts-ncomms.nature.com/","title":"Nature Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature Communications","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4d78ada6-ac6d-46c9-94d5-18ca1f3ea912","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 30th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":30816165,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant immunity/Effectors in plant pathology"},{"id":30816166,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant biotechnology/Molecular engineering in plants"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-21T08:09:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4272480","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54452-2","journal":{"identity":"nature-communications","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Nature Communications"},"publishedOn":"2024-11-20 05:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 20th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-30 06:31:53","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41467-024-54452-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54452-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4272480","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4272480","identity":"rs-4272480","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}