Substrate Size Impact on the Radiation Pattern of a Sub-THz Printed Antenna, and its Reduction Using Metasurface Elements

Substrate Size Impact on the Radiation Pattern of a Sub-THz Printed Antenna, and its Reduction Using Metasurface Elements | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Substrate Size Impact on the Radiation Pattern of a Sub-THz Printed Antenna, and its Reduction Using Metasurface Elements Peter Tokarsky, Yevhen Yashchyshyn This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5670493/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates the effect of substrate transverse dimensions and thickness on the radiating properties of a printed planar antenna of the sub-THz. Most substrates are electrically thick at these frequencies, contributing to the excitation of intense surface waves, which can significantly degrade the antenna characteristics. This manifests in a decrease in the radiation efficiency of the printed antenna and radiation pattern distortion. The latter effect is associated with the diffraction of surface waves at the substrate edges, therefore enormously depending on its size. So, to minimize the destructive impact of surface waves on the antenna radiation pattern, it was essential to study the dependence of its directional properties on the transverse dimensions and thickness of the substrate. The studies used a full-wave simulation of the printed antenna employing the FEKO software. The analysis of the results allowed us to establish the periodic character of the change in the antenna directivity and radiation efficiency with increased substrate size and to propose a constructive way to reduce the edge effect. It is shown that adding a metasurface made it possible to significantly reduce the edge effect due to the surface wave suppression and increase the radiation efficiency to almost 100%. Physical sciences/Physics/Applied physics Physical sciences/Physics/Electronics photonics and device physics Printed antenna Radiation pattern Antenna directivity Thick substrate Surface wave Metasurface Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5670493","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":393378390,"identity":"35020e92-e9c8-40ac-b0ab-4e6a03d361f8","order_by":0,"name":"Peter Tokarsky","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peter","middleName":"","lastName":"Tokarsky","suffix":""},{"id":393378391,"identity":"17355f68-59e5-492a-a1e9-ff05f6b9acdd","order_by":1,"name":"Yevhen Yashchyshyn","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Warsaw University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yevhen","middleName":"","lastName":"Yashchyshyn","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-18 14:53:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5670493/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5670493/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2026.157900","type":"published","date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107932803,"identity":"7bd8bd24-ac0d-4a37-98f2-8eadb6afc87a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-27 16:57:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1322933,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TokarskyYashchyshynmanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5670493/v1_covered_26dddf22-40dd-436d-93a8-4ff02eb27f0d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Substrate Size Impact on the Radiation Pattern of a Sub-THz Printed Antenna, and its Reduction Using Metasurface Elements","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Printed antenna, Radiation pattern, Antenna directivity, Thick substrate, Surface wave, Metasurface","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5670493/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5670493/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigates the effect of substrate transverse dimensions and thickness on the radiating properties of a printed planar antenna of the sub-THz. Most substrates are electrically thick at these frequencies, contributing to the excitation of intense surface waves, which can significantly degrade the antenna characteristics. This manifests in a decrease in the radiation efficiency of the printed antenna and radiation pattern distortion. The latter effect is associated with the diffraction of surface waves at the substrate edges, therefore enormously depending on its size. So, to minimize the destructive impact of surface waves on the antenna radiation pattern, it was essential to study the dependence of its directional properties on the transverse dimensions and thickness of the substrate. The studies used a full-wave simulation of the printed antenna employing the FEKO software. The analysis of the results allowed us to establish the periodic character of the change in the antenna directivity and radiation efficiency with increased substrate size and to propose a constructive way to reduce the edge effect. 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