Integrating economic development and environmental stewardship through community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

Integrating economic development and environmental stewardship through community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Integrating economic development and environmental stewardship through community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia Dawit Udessa Gede This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7163236/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study explores community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, highlighting the economic and environmental challenges faced by artisanal craft makers. A mixed methods strategy was employed, involving a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 385 using structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews for data collection. The findings indicate significant gaps in support systems, with artisans reporting low satisfaction in areas such as resource management, training programs, and market access. Many artisans feel marginalized in decision-making processes, which hinder their engagement in sustainable practices. Causal analysis reveals strong positive correlations between Community-Based Resource Management, Training Programs, Advocating Supporting Policies, and Availability of Market Linkage with Artisanal Business Growth, explaining approximately 65.81% of the variance in business growth. The study concludes that inclusive policies and participatory approaches are essential to empower artisans, enhance training, and improve market access, ultimately fostering sustainable economic development. Artisanal Community-based Craft production Economic development Environmental stewardship Resource management Sustainable Introduction Artisanal craft making is a vital component of cultural heritage and economic development (Zbuchea, 2022 ), especially in communities rich in traditional skills and knowledge. Artisanal entrepreneurs possess unique expertise in transforming natural materials into valuable products, creating livelihoods and fostering local economies (Kumari & Eguruze, 2022 ). However, the increasing demand for these crafts has led to unsustainable practices, particularly the depletion of natural resources through deforestation and overexploitation of indigenous trees (Hanafy & Hamdi, 2024 ; Ratalewska, 2024 ). This trend poses a significant threat not only to the environment but also to the very essence of artisanal craftsmanship, which relies on the availability of high-quality, sustainable materials. The global focus on environmental protection has intensified scrutiny on practices that harm ecosystems, with illegal logging and deforestation classified as serious offenses in many regions (Lara, 2019 ; Mutwale, 2023 ). This legal framework aims to deter unsustainable practices; however, it inadvertently impacts artisans who rely on these natural resources for their crafts. The consequence is a decline in creativity and business opportunities for artisans, as they navigate the complexities of legal restrictions while striving to maintain their livelihoods (Thompson, 2022 ). In light of these challenges, there is an urgent need for community-based approaches that integrate economic development with environmental stewardship. Such approaches can foster a sustainable balance between resource use and conservation, ensuring that artisanal craft makers can continue to thrive without compromising the health of their ecosystems. Policymakers are increasingly recognizing the importance of developing frameworks that support sustainable practices while also providing economic incentives for artisans. Empirical evidence suggests that community-based approaches can effectively address these challenges by fostering collaboration between artisans, policymakers, and environmental organizations (Esteves, Genus, Henfrey, Penha-Lopes, & East, 2021 ; Moayerian, McGehee, & Stephenson Jr, 2022 ; Rahman & Baddam, 2021 ; Wanniarachchi, Dissanayake, & Downs, 2020 ). However, there is a significant gap in understanding community perceptions regarding the impacts of these practices on both economic development and environmental stewardship. This research seeks to fill this gap by exploring how community-based policy interventions can facilitate sustainable craft production while ensuring the economic sustainability of artisanal crafts. It aims to highlight policy directions that can facilitate this balance by assessing community perceptions and the impacts of artisanal craft production on natural resources. By engaging with local stakeholders, the study seeks to identify pathways that promote sustainable resource use while supporting the economic viability of artisanal craft-making. The findings will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how community-based initiatives can harmonize the dual goals of economic development and environmental conservation, focusing specifically on the Guji zone in Oromia, Ethiopia. This research attempted to answer the following research questions What are the community perceptions of artisanal craft makers regarding the impact of current environmental regulations on their livelihoods and craft production practices? How can community-based approaches effectively balance the economic needs of artisanal entrepreneurs with the sustainable management of natural resources in the Guji Zone? What policy frameworks and incentives can be developed to support sustainable artisanal craft production while ensuring the conservation of indigenous natural resources in the Guji Zone? 2. Theoretical and empirical Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical framework The interplay between artisanal craft making and environmental stewardship has been examined through various theoretical lenses, reflecting the complexities and challenges inherent in balancing economic development with sustainable resource management. Despite the plethora of theoretical views available, this study focuses on two particularly relevant models: the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and Affordance Theory. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) is a holistic approach that emphasizes the interconnectedness of various factors influencing the livelihoods of individuals and communities (Natarajan, Newsham, Rigg, & Suhardiman, 2022 ). This framework considers five key assets: natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital. For artisanal craft makers, the SLF is particularly relevant as it allows for an analysis of how these assets can be leveraged enhancing economic development while ensuring sustainable resource management (Kabonga, 2020 ). Artisanal entrepreneurs often rely on their skills and local resources to create products that generate income (Rodrigues, Marques, & Ramadani, 2024 ). By understanding the various forms of capital they possess such as skills (human capital) and community networks (social capital) artisans can identify opportunities for economic growth. For instance, enhancing skills through training can lead to higher-quality products (Maulidin, Rohman, Nawawi, & Andrianto, 2024 ), increased market access (Girhe et al., 2025 ), and ultimately greater financial stability (Muslim, Ilyas, & Sani, 2024 ). Moreover, the SLF emphasizes the importance of natural capital, which includes the resources that artisans depend on for their craft (Deshmukh, Rajput, Das, & Alam, 2024 ). By integrating sustainable practices into their production processes, such as using renewable materials and minimizing waste, artisans can contribute to the conservation of these resources (Al-Saud, AlAli, Abouelela, & Al Saud, 2024 ). This approach aligns with the growing global emphasis on sustainability and environmental protection, ensuring that natural resources remain available for future generations. In essence, the SLF provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how artisanal craft makers can navigate the challenges of economic development while fostering sustainable practices. In contrast, Affordance Theory, rooted in ecological psychology, focuses on the relationship between individuals and their environment, particularly how people perceive and utilize resources based on their context (Heras-Escribano, Travieso, & Lobo, 2024 ; Órnelas, 2024 ). This theory is instrumental in understanding how artisanal craft makers can adapt their practices to promote sustainability while enhancing their economic viability (Mohammad Nasir, Azinuddin, Hanafiah, & Mior Shariffuddin, 2024 ). According to Affordance Theory, the potential uses of resources are shaped by the context in which artisans operate (Kimmel & Groth, 2024 ). For example, a piece of wood may be perceived as a raw material for crafting furniture or as a source of fuel, depending on the artisan's needs and the surrounding environment. By recognizing and exploiting the affordances of local materials, artisans can innovate and diversify their product offerings, leading to increased economic opportunities (Yadav, Sood, Tripathi, Grima, & Yadav, 2023 ). Furthermore, Affordance Theory underscores the importance of context in resource management (Sukma & Mahendrawathi, 2024 ). Artisans who understand the ecological implications of their material choices can make informed decisions that promote sustainability. For instance, by selecting materials that are abundant and renewable, artisans can reduce their environmental impact while ensuring the longevity of their craft practices (Hein, 2024 ). This perspective encourages a more responsible approach to resource use, aligning economic development with environmental stewardship. Through the lens of Affordance Theory, artisans can better navigate the complexities of their environment (Kimmel & Groth, 2023 ), finding ways to utilize resources that contribute to both their economic success and the health of their ecosystems. 2.2 Community based approaches and Impacts Recent empirical studies have explored the effects of community-based approaches in balancing the growth of artisanal craft-making businesses with environmental stewardship through sustainable natural resource management. A comprehensive review of relevant studies highlights various aspects of this interplay, illustrating how community engagement can lead to both economic benefits and enhanced environmental conservation (Baig, Ali, & Khan, 2024 ; Čegar, Drezgić, & Čišić, 2024 ; Hariram, Mekha, Suganthan, & Sudhakar, 2023 ; Jiang & Ding, 2025 ). One significant area of focus is the evolution of sustainable craft practices. Väänänen and Pöllänen ( 2020 ) conducted an analysis revealing that community engagement in resource management significantly enhances the sustainability of craft production. Their study indicated that when artisans actively participate in decision-making regarding resource use, they are more likely to adopt practices that conserve the environment while simultaneously benefiting economically from their craft. Cooperative models have also emerged as a powerful means of promoting sustainability within the artisanal sector. Zhan and Walker ( 2019 ) examined the role of cooperatives in enhancing market access for artisans. Their findings demonstrated that cooperatives not only facilitate resource sharing and knowledge exchange among artisans but also promote sustainable practices by creating a collective identity focused on environmental stewardship. Participatory resource management approaches further empower local artisans, as highlighted by Bamford ( 2011 ). This study showed that when artisans are involved in managing their resources, they exhibit a greater commitment to sustainable practices. This empowerment leads to more responsible use of natural resources and fosters a sense of ownership over the environmental impacts of their craft. Training programs have been identified as effective tools for enhancing artisans' skills in sustainable practices. Nguyen, Novak, Xiao, and Lee ( 2021 ) found that artisans who participated in training were more likely to adopt eco-friendly methods, which resulted in reduced environmental impact. By equipping artisans with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement sustainable practices, these programs contribute to the overall sustainability of the craft sector. Market linkages play a critical role in encouraging environmentally friendly practices. Alonso Aguilar, González Alvarado, and Cabanelas Lorenzo (2024) explored the impact of direct market access on artisanal businesses and concluded that when artisans can connect directly with consumers, they are more inclined to adopt sustainable practices. This is largely driven by increasing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products, which incentivizes artisans to align their production methods accordingly. Community awareness campaigns have proven essential in promoting sustainable practices among artisans. Hartley ( 2005 ) emphasized the role of such campaigns in raising awareness about the benefits of environmental stewardship. The study found that increased awareness within the community led to a collective commitment to sustainable practices, positively impacting resource management and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. Policy advocacy is another important aspect of community-based approaches. McAndrews and Marcus ( 2014 ) examined how active engagement in advocacy efforts enables communities to secure policies that promote sustainable artisanal practices. The findings suggested that communities that work together to influence policy decisions are more successful in creating an environment conducive to sustainable resource management. Sustainable certification programs have also been shown to benefit artisans significantly. Stover, Avadhanula, and Sood ( 2024 ) discussed how such certification not only enhances the marketability of artisanal products but also encourages artisans to adopt environmentally friendly practices. By providing a framework for sustainability recognition, certification programs motivate artisans to comply with eco-friendly standards. Cultural and social aspects further enrich the discourse on sustainable craft-making. Liu, Adams, and Walker ( 2018 ) explored the cultural significance of crafts in promoting sustainability, noting that when artisans incorporate cultural values into their practices, they are more likely to engage in sustainable resource management. This connection between culture and sustainability reinforces the idea that community identity plays a crucial role in shaping environmentally responsible practices. Lastly, a comprehensive review by Rootes ( 2013 ) highlighted the interconnectedness of economic viability and environmental stewardship in artisanal craft-making. The study concluded that community-based approaches that integrate both economic and environmental objectives lead to more sustainable outcomes. By recognizing that economic growth and environmental conservation can coexist, communities can create a more resilient and sustainable artisanal sector. Methods and instruments The research approach employed a mixed-methods strategy, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The population targeted by the study included artisanal craft-making entrepreneurs across selected woredas: Odo Shakiso, Wadera, Anna Sora, Girja, and Adola Rede. Given the unknown nature of the target population, particularly due to the household settings and geographical diversity, the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula for unknown populations, resulting in a total of 385 respondents. The sample was evenly distributed across the five woredas, with 77 respondents selected from each woreda to ensure balanced representation. Data collection was conducted using both structured and unstructured questionnaires. The structured questionnaires incorporated 5-point Likert scale questions designed to assess community perceptions regarding sustainable craft production and natural resource use. Unstructured interview questions were utilized during sessions with key informants, including representatives from administrative offices such as the Skill and Job Creation Office, Environmental Protection Office, and Agricultural and Rural Development Office. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and provide an overview of community perceptions, while inferential statistics facilitated the examination of relationships and differences among variables, thus allowing for deeper insights into the impacts of artisanal craft practices on sustainable resource use. Concerning validity and reliability, the results indicate strong internal consistency among the constructs measured, as evidenced by the Cronbach's Alpha values. All constructs exhibit Cronbach's Alpha values above the acceptable threshold of 0.70, with most values likely ranging between 0.9395 and 0.9425. This suggests that the items within each construct reliably measure the same underlying concept, reflecting a high degree of agreement among respondents regarding the items related to economic development and environmental stewardship in craft production. The data collection tools underwent review and approval by the institutional ethical review committee to ensure adherence to ethical standards involving human subjects. A formal letter from the college was provided to the administrators of each woreda to obtain oral consent prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the study's aims, and their participation was entirely voluntary, with the option to withdraw at any time without repercussions. To enhance participant confidence, all responses were anonymized, ensuring their identities remained protected. Results and discussion In this section, I present the findings of my research based on the distributed surveys. A total of 385 questionnaires were distributed, of which 335 were completed and returned, resulting in an impressive response rate of 87%. The data collected have analyzed to identify key trends, patterns, and insights that emerged from the responses. Additionally, I have discussed the implications of these findings in relation to our research objectives, highlighting how they contribute to the existing body of knowledge and informing future practices. 4.1 Analyzing the Implementation Status of Study Concepts In their research on survey methodologies, Allen and Seaman ( 2007 ) propose a 5-point Likert scale with specific numeric interpretations for responses. They categorize "Strongly Disagree" as scores ranging from 1.0 to 1.5, followed by "Disagree" which spans 1.6 to 2.5. The neutral response is defined by scores between 2.6 and 3.4, while "Agree" encompasses 3.5 to 4.4. Finally, "Strongly Agree" is represented by scores from 4.5 to 5.0. This structured approach aids in the clear interpretation of survey data. The results summarized in Table 1 indicate a generally low level of satisfaction or effectiveness among artisanal craft makers regarding various aspects of resource management, training programs, policy support, market access, and business growth. The mean scores for all items range between approximately 2.5 and 3.0 on a scale that likely extends to 5.0. This positioning below the mid-point suggests that respondents perceive these factors as inadequate or underperforming. Additionally, the consistently low standard deviations, ranging from about 0.047 to 0.057, imply a high level of consensus among respondents. This uniformity in perception reflects a collective concern among artisans regarding the challenges they face in these various domains. One of the most striking findings is the low mean scores related to decision-making involvement and communication channels. For instance, artisans report feeling marginalized in discussions concerning resource management, as indicated by the scores for items such as "Artisanal craft makers are actively involved in decision-making regarding resource use" and "There is a clear communication channel for artisans to express their concerns about resource management." This marginalization can significantly hinder their ability to engage in sustainable practices, as effective resource management often relies on the active participation of those directly affected by these decisions. Furthermore, the artisans' understanding of the environmental impacts of their resource usage appears to be limited, as evidenced by the low mean score associated with this item. The lack of regular meetings to discuss resource management practices further exacerbates this issue, indicating a gap in education and community involvement that must be addressed. Without a solid understanding of the environmental consequences of their actions, artisans may struggle to adopt sustainable practices, ultimately jeopardizing their livelihoods and the resources they depend on. Training programs also emerge as a critical area needing improvement. The low mean scores across various training-related items suggest that current offerings may not adequately meet the needs of artisans. Notably, the artisans express low confidence in their ability to apply what they have learned in training sessions. This gap indicates a pressing need for more practical and relevant training that equips artisans with the skills necessary for effective resource management and sustainable practices. In terms of policy support, while some items show slightly higher scores, they still reflect a general perception that existing policies do not sufficiently support artisans. The artisans' involvement in policy-making discussions is minimal, highlighting the need for more inclusive and responsive approaches in policy development. Advocacy efforts that raise awareness about the needs of artisans in these discussions are essential to ensure that their voices are heard and their concerns are addressed. Market access also presents significant challenges for artisans. The low scores related to market linkages and consumer awareness indicates obstacles in accessing markets for sustainably produced crafts. Although there are some indicators of business growth, as reflected in items related to sales and customer acquisition, these improvements appear modest and may not be sustainable without addressing the foundational issues highlighted in the other categories. Table 1 Statistical summary of the results based on items Items codes Items Mean S/deviation CBRM1 Artisanal craft makers are actively involved in decision-making regarding resource use 2.989362 .0571149 CBRM2 There is a clear communication channel for artisans to express their concerns about resource management 2.946809 .0556672 CBRM3 Artisanal craft makers understand the environmental impact of their resource usage 2.75266 .0528612 CBRM4 Regular meetings are held to discuss resource management practices among artisans 2.614362 .0488943 CBRM5 Artisanal craft makers contribute to community initiatives focused on sustainable resource management 2.531915 .048203 TP1 Training programs on sustainable practices are regularly provided to artisans 2.853723 .0511537 TP2 The training offered is effective in enhancing artisans' skills for resource management 2.768617 .0538497 TP3 I feel confident applying what I learned in training to my craft practices 2.731383 .0512171 TP4 Training sessions include practical demonstrations of sustainable techniques 2.755319 .0524228 TP5 There is a variety of training topics related to natural resource management available for artisans 2.68883 .0519542 ASP1 Local policies support the sustainable practices of artisanal craft makers 2.768617 .0569228 ASP2 Artisans are involved in discussions about policy-making related to their craft 2.773936 .052981 ASP3 There are financial incentives available for artisans who practice sustainability 2.867021 .0515952 ASP4 Advocacy efforts effectively raise awareness about the needs of artisans in policy discussions 2.898936 .0527378 ASP5 Policies related to natural resource management are regularly updated based on artisans' feedback 2.888298 .0515923 AML1 Artisans have direct access to markets for their products 2.699468 .0534644 AML2 Market linkages facilitate the sale of sustainably produced crafts 2.75266 .0516396 AML3 There are platforms available for artisans to showcase their products to consumers 2.819149 .0528414 AML4 Consumers are aware of and demand sustainably produced artisanal goods 2.505319 .0501055 AML5 Support exists for artisans to develop marketing strategies for their crafts 2.678191 .0471952 ABG1 My sales have increased over the past year 2.99734 .052254 ABG2 I have gained new customers in the last six months 2.928191 .0551633 ABG3 I believe the quality of my products has improved recently 2.952128 .047276 ABG4 I have successfully expanded my market reach 2.808511 .0509633 ABG5 My overall revenue has increased in the past year 2.912234 .0561219 ABG6 More people recognize my brand compared to last year 2.784574 .0569652 The statistical summary presented in Table 2 offers a detailed overview of key variables affecting artisanal craft makers, including Community-Based Resource Management, Training Programs, Advocating Supporting Policies, Availability of Market Linkage, and Artisanal Craft Making Business Growth. Each of these variables is characterized by the number of observations, mean scores, and standard deviations, which together provide valuable insights into the artisans' experiences and perceptions. Starting with Community-Based Resource Management, the mean score is 2.767021, coupled with a standard deviation of 0.7742369. This score indicates that artisans perceive the effectiveness of community-based strategies for managing resources as below average, reflecting a lack of satisfaction with their current involvement in decision-making processes. The relatively high standard deviation suggests that responses varied significantly among artisans; while some may feel engaged and supported others likely feel excluded or disenchanted with existing practices. This variability highlights differing levels of participation and success in community resource management, pointing to the need for more inclusive approaches that encourage broader artisan engagement. In examining Training Programs, the mean score of 2.759574, alongside a standard deviation of 0.8285981, suggests that artisans find these programs to be largely inadequate. The low mean indicates that many artisans do not believe the training sufficiently addresses their needs or equips them with the necessary skills for sustainable practices. The relatively high standard deviation further underscores the diversity of opinions among artisans regarding the effectiveness of training, with some possibly perceiving the programs as beneficial while others feel they lack practical relevance. This inconsistency suggests an urgent need to reassess and tailor training content and delivery methods to better align with the artisans’ real-world challenges. Turning to Advocating Supporting Policies, the mean score of 2.839362, with a standard deviation of 0.8579937, reflects a slightly more favorable outlook than the previous two variables, yet still indicates that artisans view policy advocacy efforts as insufficient. The high standard deviation reveals a wide range of perceptions regarding the extent to which policies support their practices. While some artisans may feel that advocacy efforts are addressing their needs, others likely feel overlooked or underrepresented in policy discussions. This disparity emphasizes the necessity for more inclusive and effective advocacy strategies that genuinely reflect the voices and concerns of artisans, ensuring that their needs are adequately addressed in policy-making processes. The Availability of Market Linkage presents another critical area of concern, with a mean score of 2.690957 and a standard deviation of 0.8026112. This score indicates that artisans perceive significant challenges in accessing markets for their products, with the mean falling below the midpoint of the scale. The moderate standard deviation suggests that while some artisans may have successfully established market connections, many continue to struggle with access. This situation underscores the need for enhanced support systems that facilitate market linkages and promote awareness of sustainably produced crafts among consumers, thereby improving artisans' overall marketability. Lastly, the mean score for Artisanal Craft Making Business Growth is 2.897163, with a standard deviation of 0.7368024. This score, while the highest among the variables, still indicates that artisans perceive their business growth as below average. The lower standard deviation suggests a somewhat more consistent perception of business growth among artisans compared to other areas; however, the overall score reflects only modest improvements in business outcomes. This raises concerns about the sustainability and scalability of growth for these artisans, highlighting the need for ongoing support to foster further development opportunities and ensure long-term success. Table 2 Statistical summary of the results based on study variable Variables Obs Mean Std. Dev. Community based Resource management 335 2.767021 .7742369 Training program 335 2.759574 .8285981 Advocating Supporting Policies 335 2.839362 .8579937 Availability of Market Linkage 335 2.690957 .8026112 Artisanal craft making Business growth 335 2.897163 .7368024 4.2 Evidences from Qualitative information The current environmental regulations have been perceived by artisanal craft makers as having a predominantly negative impact on their livelihoods. Many artisans express concerns that these regulations, while aimed at protecting the environment, significantly hinder their access to essential natural resources required for their craft. One artisan noted, “ We are protected not to use tree cuttings for our craft making, but natural resources are highly disrupted in the name of investment .” This statement reflects a common sentiment among artisans who feel restricted by regulations that prevent them from utilizing traditional materials. The prohibition on using tree cuttings limits their ability to produce high-quality, authentic products, thereby affecting their economic viability. Furthermore, artisans observe that despite the stringent regulations imposed on their practices, natural resources in their areas are being significantly disrupted by large-scale industrial activities. These developments often lead to deforestation and habitat destruction, undermining the very environmental protections that are intended to benefit local communities. This creates a disparity in which small artisans are held to strict regulations while larger entities exploit resources without accountability. In response to the questions regarding community-based approaches to address the economic needs of artisanal entrepreneurs while promoting sustainable natural resource management, respondents expressed predominantly negative sentiments. Many artisans articulated a lack of effective strategies that adequately support their economic interests without compromising environmental sustainability. One artisan remarked, “ There are no real solutions that help us sustain our livelihoods while also protecting the environment .” When asked about successful community-based approaches, artisans indicated that existing initiatives have often fallen short of their expectations. They cited a need for more integrated programs that align economic development with sustainable practices. For example, while some initiatives have aimed to promote eco-friendly materials, these programs frequently lack the necessary resources and follow-through to create meaningful impact. Artisans noted that without robust support systems, including training and access to sustainable materials, their ability to thrive economically remains severely constrained. Furthermore, in discussing the potential for collaboration between artisans and other community stakeholders, respondents expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of current partnerships. Many artisans believe that collaboration has not been sufficiently inclusive or effective in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. One artisan stated, “We need to be part of the conversation for our needs to be addressed, but often we are left out.” They emphasized the importance of involving artisans in decision-making processes and ensuring that their voices are heard in discussions regarding resource management and economic development. However, many felt that such opportunities for genuine collaboration are limited, leading to a disconnect between artisan needs and stakeholder actions. In summary, the report underscores the negative sentiments expressed by artisans in the Guji Zone regarding community-based approaches and collaboration efforts. Respondents acknowledge the necessity for effective strategies that simultaneously address economic and environmental concerns; however, they feel that current initiatives fall short of meeting these needs. Artisans emphasize the importance of developing more inclusive and supportive frameworks that empower them and encourage meaningful collaboration with community stakeholders to achieve a sustainable balance between economic growth and environmental protection. These qualitative findings align with the descriptive results, reinforcing the urgent need for improved strategies in the region. 4.3 Association between constructs Correlation results demonstrated in Table 3 reveal significant positive association between constructs. Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM) shows a strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.6532 with ABG, suggesting that effective resource management enhances growth in artisanal craft businesses. The Training Program (TP) exhibits a correlation of 0.6166 with ABG, indicating that improved training initiatives are crucial for fostering business development in this sector. Advocating Supporting Policies (ASP) has a very strong correlation coefficient of 0.6938 with ABG, highlighting the significance of policy advocacy in creating a supportive environment for business expansion. Additionally, the Availability of Market Linkage (AML) demonstrates a strong positive correlation of 0.6806 with ABG, emphasizing that better market connections are vital for the success of artisanal craft businesses. Collectively, these findings underscore the interconnectedness of community resource management, training, policy advocacy, and market linkages in promoting the growth of artisanal craft making businesses, with all predictors being statistically significant. Table 3 Statistical summary of the association between constructs constructs ABG CBRM TP ASP AML ABG 1.0000 CBRM 0.6532 ** 1.0000 TP 0.6166** 0.7225 1.0000 ASP 0.6938** 0.4720 0.4677 1.0000 AML 0.6806** 0.4361 0.4677 0.7876 1.0000 4.4 Effects of predictors on response construct The model summary indicates a robust statistical analysis of the predictors' effects on the response construct, based on a sample size of 335 observations. The overall model demonstrates a high level of significance, as evidenced by the F-statistic of 158.78 with a corresponding p-value (Prob > F) of 0.0000, indicating that the predictors collectively have a statistically significant effect on the response variable. The model's explanatory power is reflected in the R-squared value of 0.6581, suggesting that approximately 65.81% of the variance in the response construct can be explained by the included predictors. This is further supported by the adjusted R-squared value of 0.6539, which accounts for the number of predictors in the model, indicating that the model remains effective even when adjusting for potential overfitting. The residual sum of squares (SS) is 59.625235, with a mean square (MS) of 0.18068253, reflecting the variation not explained by the model. The root mean square error (Root MSE) of 0.42507 indicates the average distance between the observed values and the values predicted by the model, providing insight into the model's precision. Overall, these results suggest a strong and reliable model for understanding the relationship between the predictors and the response construct. Table 4 Statistical results of the Model summary Source SS df MS Number of obs = 335 F(4, 330) = 158.78 Model 114.757348 4 28.689337 Prob > F = 0.0000 Residual 59.625235 330 .18068253 R-squared = 0.6581 Adj R-squared = 0.6539 Total 174.382583 334 .522103542 Root MSE = .42507 The results presented in Table 5 provide a comprehensive overview of the regression coefficients for various predictors in the model. Each coefficient reflects the expected change in the dependent variable for a one-unit increase in the corresponding independent variable, while holding all other variables constant. Starting with CBRM , the coefficient of 0.2838048 indicates that for every one-unit increase in CBRM, the dependent variable is expected to increase by approximately 0.28 units. This strong relationship is supported by a standard error of 0.0446613, which suggests a precise estimate. The t-value of 6.35, coupled with a p-value of 0.000, confirms that the effect of CBRM is statistically significant at conventional levels. This underscores CBRM as a robust predictor of the dependent variable. Next, the TP variable exhibits a coefficient of 0.1284225. This implies that a one-unit increase in TP is associated with an expected increase of about 0.13 units in the dependent variable. The standard error of 0.0423911 and a t-value of 3.03 indicate a noteworthy effect, with a p-value of 0.003 confirming its statistical significance. While TP has a positive influence, its effect is less pronounced compared to CBRM, highlighting its role as a meaningful, though less dominant, predictor. The coefficient for ASP is 0.2367025, suggesting that an increase of one unit in ASP is linked to an increase of approximately 0.24 units in the dependent variable. With a standard error of 0.0462895 and a t-value of 5.11, the p-value of 0.000 indicates a highly significant relationship. This reinforces the importance of ASP as a key predictor in the model, emphasizing its substantial impact on the dependent variable. Similarly, the AML variable shows a coefficient of 0.2420898, indicating that a one-unit increase in AML is expected to increase the dependent variable by about 0.24 units. The standard error of 0.0487758 and a t-value of 4.96, along with a p-value of 0.000, highlight a statistically significant effect. This finding suggests that AML is also a critical contributing factor, akin to ASP. Finally, the constant term (_cons) has a coefficient of 0.4306199, representing the expected value of the dependent variable when all independent variables are zero. With a standard error of 0.099961 and a t-value of 4.31, this constant is significant at a p-value of 0.000, indicating a meaningful baseline level of the dependent variable even in the absence of other predictors. Table 5 Summary of regression Coefficients ABG Coef. Std. Err. t P(Sig) CBRM .2838048 .0446613 6.35 0.000 TP .1284225 .0423911 3.03 0.003 ASP .2367025 .0462895 5.11 0.000 AML .2420898 .0487758 4.96 0.000 _cons .4306199 .099961 4.31 0.000 4.5 Discussion of the results The analysis of the research findings reveals a multifaceted understanding of community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The descriptive analysis indicates a generally low satisfaction among artisanal craft makers regarding several critical areas, including Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM), training programs, policy advocacy, and market access. The mean scores for these areas fall below the midpoint of the Likert scale, signifying that artisans perceive the current systems as inadequate. Notably, artisans feel marginalized in decision-making processes concerning resource management, which hampers their ability to engage in sustainable practices. This aligns with findings from Bamford ( 2011 ), who emphasizes that active participation in resource management cultivates a greater commitment to sustainability. Qualitative insights further illustrate the artisans' frustrations with existing environmental regulations, which, while intended to protect natural resources, have inadvertently restricted their access to essential materials. Artisans expressed concerns that regulations favor larger industrial activities over their traditional practices, leading to a disconnect between environmental protections and community needs. This sentiment resonates with the findings of Moayerian et al. ( 2022 ), highlighting the need for integrated strategies that align economic development with sustainable practices. The causal relationships among constructs were examined through regression analysis, revealing significant associations between community-based resource management, training programs, advocating supporting policies, and availability of market linkages, all positively correlated with artisanal business growth (ABG). The model summary indicates a high R-squared value of 0.6581, suggesting that approximately 65.81% of the variance in business growth can be explained by these predictors. This supports the conclusions drawn by Esteves et al. ( 2021 ), who found that collaborative efforts among artisans, policymakers, and environmental organizations foster economic viability while promoting sustainability. The regression coefficients provide further insights into the impact of each predictor on business growth. For instance, CBRM has the highest coefficient (0.2838), indicating that effective community-based resource management significantly enhances the growth of artisanal businesses. This finding is consistent with Väänänen and Pöllänen ( 2020 ), who demonstrated that community engagement in resource management can lead to sustainable craft practices. Similarly, the positive correlations with training programs and market linkages suggest that enhancing artisans' skills and access to markets can drive economic success, aligning with the insights from Zhan and Walker ( 2019 ), who emphasized the importance of cooperatives in promoting sustainable practices. In summary, the findings from both descriptive and qualitative analyses, alongside the causal relationships identified through regression modeling, underscore the pressing need for community-based interventions that empower artisans and integrate economic and environmental objectives. The empirical studies cited in the literature reinforce the notion that sustainable development in the artisanal sector is achievable through collaborative efforts, effective training, and supportive policies that prioritize the voices of artisans. Conclusion and implications 5.1 Conclusion The aim of this study is to explore community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, revealing significant gaps in support systems for artisans, low satisfaction with current resource management practices, and a critical need for inclusive policies that balance environmental protection with the economic needs of local craft makers. From these findings, it can be concluded that there exists a substantial gap between the needs of artisanal craft makers and the current support systems available to them. The study revealed that artisan satisfaction levels regarding resource management, training programs, and market access are notably low. This lack of satisfaction, coupled with feelings of marginalization, points to a critical need for more inclusive and participatory approaches in resource management. Artisans feel excluded from decision-making processes that directly affect their livelihood, which not only limits their ability to engage in sustainable practices but also diminishes their sense of ownership over the resources they depend on. Moreover, the qualitative insights emphasize the necessity for regulations that adequately protect the environment while also considering the economic realities faced by local artisans. Many artisans expressed concerns that current environmental policies, while well-intentioned, often prioritize conservation over their access to essential materials. This disconnects between environmental protections and the practical needs of artisans suggest that policymakers must actively engage artisans in discussions to develop more effective and supportive frameworks. By including artisans in the policy-making process, regulations can be tailored to balance ecological sustainability with the preservation of livelihoods, ensuring that both goals are met. Finally, the significant causal relationships identified in the study emphasize the interconnectedness of training, resource management, and policy advocacy in fostering sustainable growth in the artisanal sector. This highlights the importance of collaborative efforts among artisans, policymakers, and environmental organizations. By working together, these stakeholders can create an ecosystem that not only supports economic viability for artisans but also upholds principles of environmental stewardship. Such collaboration can lead to the development of comprehensive training programs that equip artisans with the necessary skills to implement sustainable practices, alongside policies that facilitate better market access and resource management. Ultimately, a cohesive strategy that integrates these elements will be essential for promoting a thriving artisanal sector that benefits both the economy and the environment. 5.2 Implications The study's findings contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge on community-based approaches to sustainable craft production. By applying the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and Affordance Theory, the research highlights the interconnectedness of economic development and environmental stewardship within the artisanal sector. The low satisfaction levels among artisans regarding resource management and training programs underscore the need for theoretical models that incorporate participatory practices, emphasizing the importance of active involvement of artisans in decision-making processes. These insights suggest that future research should further explore how theoretical frameworks can be adapted to better reflect the complexities of local contexts and the specific needs of artisans, potentially leading to more effective policy recommendations and frameworks. The practical implications of the study are multifaceted and directly address the challenges faced by artisanal craft makers in the Guji Zone. The findings indicate an urgent need for policymakers to develop inclusive and participatory resource management strategies that empower artisans. This can be achieved by integrating artisans’ voices into policy discussions, ensuring that regulations protect both environmental resources and the livelihoods of local craftspeople. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of enhancing training programs to better equip artisans with the skills necessary for sustainable practices. Practical training that includes hands-on demonstrations can lead to more effective implementation of sustainable methods in craft production. Additionally, the establishment of stronger market linkages is crucial for improving artisans' economic viability. Creating direct connections between artisans and consumers can foster demand for sustainably produced crafts, promoting a shift towards environmentally friendly practices. 5.3 Limitations and suggestion for future research The study has several limitations that warrant consideration. First, its geographical focus on the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions; future research should expand the scope to include multiple regions or countries for comparative analyses. Second, while the sample size of 385 respondents is substantial, the selection was confined to specific woredas, potentially overlooking the diversity of experiences among artisans; future studies should aim for a more representative sample that captures a broader range of perspectives. Third, the reliance on self-reported data may introduce biases, as artisans might provide socially desirable responses; employing mixed-methods approaches, including observational data, could enhance the accuracy of findings. Fourth, the cross-sectional nature of the study captures data at a single point in time, which may not reflect changes over time; longitudinal studies could provide insights into evolving trends in community perceptions and practices. Lastly, investigating the effectiveness of specific policies on artisanal practices could inform better policy design; future research should focus on stakeholder engagement to understand the impacts of various regulations on artisans. By addressing these limitations and pursuing these suggestions, future research can contribute to a deeper understanding of sustainable craft production and its broader implications. Abbreviations ASP Advocating Supporting Policies ABG Artisanal craft making Business growth AML Availability of Market Linkage CBRM Community based Resource management TP Training program Declarations Funding: Not applicable Ethical Approval In carrying out research involving human participants volunteering to take part, the study strictly followed all ethical guidelines. Bule Hora University College of Business and Economics provided the necessary approval letters to begin the research (Ref No CBE/14/17). I ensured the study adhered to all relevant rules regarding confidentiality, data security, knowledgeable consent, and the prevention of harm. By submitting this paper, I confirm that the research was conducted in full compliance with applicable legal and ethical standards. Consent to Participate Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study sample. However, informed consent from parents or legally authorized representatives of subjects under 16 was not applicable for this research, as all participants were adults over 18 years old Consent to Publish -NA Author contributions: Whole paper from drafting to last version of manuscript was prepared by Author of the manuscript Dr Dawit Udessa Availability of supporting data: Data are available based on a reasonable request from the corresponding author Clinical trial number : not applicable Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to West Guji and Guji Zone administrators for supporting the researcher by allowing conducting research in their respective zonal administration. Furthermore, I also thank all zonal officials and participants for their cooperation during data collection. References Al-Saud KM, AlAli R, Abouelela AS, Al Saud AM. 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Sustainability and livelihood of small-scale handicraft producers in India: A SWOT analysis of Dhokra artisans. Social Sci Humanit Open. 2024;10:101160. Esteves AM, Genus A, Henfrey T, Penha-Lopes G, East M. Sustainable entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Development Goals: Community‐led initiatives, the social solidarity economy and commons ecologies. Bus Strategy Environ. 2021;30(3):1423–35. Girhe MK, Yerram S, VP MN, Joga R, Khader N, Konda P, Srivastava S. Enhancing Pharmaceutical Accessibility: Evaluating the Impact of Competitive Generic Therapy Exclusivity on Rapid Access of Generics into the US Market (2019–2024). J Pharm Innov. 2025;20(2):1–16. Hanafy SIAE-F, Hamdi FHA. (2024). Creating Products to Support Handicrafts and Achieve Sustainable Development. Cultura: Int J Philos Cult Axiology, 21 (3). Hariram N, Mekha K, Suganthan V, Sudhakar K. Sustainalism: An integrated socio-economic-environmental model to address sustainable development and sustainability. 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J Plann Educ Res. 2014;34(2):190–202. Moayerian N, McGehee NG, Stephenson MO Jr. Community cultural development: Exploring the connections between collective art making, capacity building and sustainable community-based tourism. Annals Tourism Res. 2022;93:103355. Mohammad Nasir MB, Azinuddin M, Hanafiah MH, Mior Shariffuddin NS. (2024). Ecotourism design affordances, identity, and intelligence: how does it influence tourist pro-environmental behaviour? J Ecotourism, 1–21. Muslim M, Ilyas MFGB, Sani A. Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Financial Sustainability in Improving the Country's Economic Stability. Vifada Manage Social Sci. 2024;2(2):36–55. Mutwale T. World Wide Fund for Nature-WWF-Beyond Tourism and Trophy. Hunting-Beyond Tourism and Trophy Hunting; 2023. Natarajan N, Newsham A, Rigg J, Suhardiman D. A sustainable livelihoods framework for the 21st century. World Dev. 2022;155:105898. Nguyen T, Novak R, Xiao L, Lee J. Dataset distillation with infinitely wide convolutional networks. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2021;34:5186–98. Órnelas ML. The Theory of Ecological Moral Learning for Moral Affordances. University of Cincinnati; 2024. Rahman SS, Baddam PR. Community engagement in Southeast Asia’s tourism industry: Empowering local economies. Global Disclosure Econ Bus. 2021;10(2):75–90. Ratalewska M. Circular Economy in Creative Industries on the Example of Craft and Artisan Makers. Eur Res Stud J. 2024;27(3):1356–72. Rodrigues AOA, Marques CS, Ramadani V. Artisan entrepreneurship, resilience and sustainable development: the quintuple helix innovation model in the low-density and cross-border territories. J Enterp Inform Manage. 2024;37(5):1603–26. Rootes C. Acting locally: The character, contexts and significance of local environmental mobilisations Acting Locally . Routledge; 2013. pp. 2–21. Stover J, Avadhanula L, Sood S. A review of strategies and levels of community engagement in strengths-based and needs-based health communication interventions. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1231827. Sukma BP, Mahendrawathi E. (2024). Analyzing Affordance of Business Process Management Techniques in Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation. Paper presented at the 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Technology (ISCT). Thompson J. (2022). A guide to abductive thematic analysis. Väänänen N, Pöllänen S. Conceptualizing sustainable craft: Concept analysis of literature. Des J. 2020;23(2):263–85. Wanniarachchi T, Dissanayake K, Downs C. Improving sustainability and encouraging innovation in traditional craft sectors: the case of the Sri Lankan handloom industry. Res J Text Appar. 2020;24(2):111–30. Yadav US, Sood K, Tripathi R, Grima S, Yadav N. (2023). Entrepreneurship in India's handicraft industry with the support of digital technology and innovation during natural calamities. Zbuchea A. Traditional crafts. A literature review focused on sustainable development. Cult Soc Econ Politics. 2022;2(1):10–27. Zhan X, Walker S. Craft as leverage for sustainable design transformation: A theoretical foundation. Des J. 2019;22(4):483–503. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Annex.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7163236","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":500034579,"identity":"67ce6655-ebcb-4ae8-9788-08cd1cd29178","order_by":0,"name":"Dawit Udessa Gede","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA2DEDGIyPkgwsJEDCz4gpOUARAuzwYeKNGOwYAIBLQxQLWySM84cTmwAMfFp4Tt+xvDwxzZrOfn+ww+kedvS0ueHHX4ItMVOTrcBuxbJMzkGBw62pRsb3EgzMOZts8ndeDvNAKgl2djsAHYtBgdyNwC1HE7cIMFgkAy0JXfj7ASQlgOJ23BpOf8WrKV+fv/xD4d52w6nG85O/4Bfyw2ILUA1OYaNQO8nyEvn4LdF8sb7DwfOnEs33HAjp5gBGMiGG6RzCg4kGOD2C9/5tOQPFWXW8vL9x7f/AEalvPzs9M0fPlTYyeHSgi1AwCSxykFAvoEU1aNgFIyCUTASAACliHNGuc9M7QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Bule Hora University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dawit","middleName":"Udessa","lastName":"Gede","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-19 09:08:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7163236/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7163236/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97009405,"identity":"f305e77c-05f6-4e32-ad36-dd550aa91ef7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-28 15:23:33","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":880159,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7163236/v1/70fab978-b19d-465f-93f8-b75dda96114f.pdf"},{"id":89060403,"identity":"a84c38ba-6d72-4acb-b495-eb85bf02e500","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-14 09:12:31","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":44737,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Annex.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7163236/v1/04d2a4fd627495d1facc7722.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Integrating economic development and environmental stewardship through community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eArtisanal craft making is a vital component of cultural heritage and economic development (Zbuchea, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), especially in communities rich in traditional skills and knowledge. Artisanal entrepreneurs possess unique expertise in transforming natural materials into valuable products, creating livelihoods and fostering local economies (Kumari \u0026amp; Eguruze, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). However, the increasing demand for these crafts has led to unsustainable practices, particularly the depletion of natural resources through deforestation and overexploitation of indigenous trees (Hanafy \u0026amp; Hamdi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Ratalewska, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This trend poses a significant threat not only to the environment but also to the very essence of artisanal craftsmanship, which relies on the availability of high-quality, sustainable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe global focus on environmental protection has intensified scrutiny on practices that harm ecosystems, with illegal logging and deforestation classified as serious offenses in many regions (Lara, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Mutwale, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). This legal framework aims to deter unsustainable practices; however, it inadvertently impacts artisans who rely on these natural resources for their crafts. The consequence is a decline in creativity and business opportunities for artisans, as they navigate the complexities of legal restrictions while striving to maintain their livelihoods (Thompson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn light of these challenges, there is an urgent need for community-based approaches that integrate economic development with environmental stewardship. Such approaches can foster a sustainable balance between resource use and conservation, ensuring that artisanal craft makers can continue to thrive without compromising the health of their ecosystems. Policymakers are increasingly recognizing the importance of developing frameworks that support sustainable practices while also providing economic incentives for artisans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmpirical evidence suggests that community-based approaches can effectively address these challenges by fostering collaboration between artisans, policymakers, and environmental organizations (Esteves, Genus, Henfrey, Penha-Lopes, \u0026amp; East, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Moayerian, McGehee, \u0026amp; Stephenson Jr, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Rahman \u0026amp; Baddam, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Wanniarachchi, Dissanayake, \u0026amp; Downs, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). However, there is a significant gap in understanding community perceptions regarding the impacts of these practices on both economic development and environmental stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research seeks to fill this gap by exploring how community-based policy interventions can facilitate sustainable craft production while ensuring the economic sustainability of artisanal crafts. It aims to highlight policy directions that can facilitate this balance by assessing community perceptions and the impacts of artisanal craft production on natural resources. By engaging with local stakeholders, the study seeks to identify pathways that promote sustainable resource use while supporting the economic viability of artisanal craft-making. The findings will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how community-based initiatives can harmonize the dual goals of economic development and environmental conservation, focusing specifically on the Guji zone in Oromia, Ethiopia. This research attempted to answer the following research questions\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are the community perceptions of artisanal craft makers regarding the impact of current environmental regulations on their livelihoods and craft production practices?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow can community-based approaches effectively balance the economic needs of artisanal entrepreneurs with the sustainable management of natural resources in the Guji Zone?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat policy frameworks and incentives can be developed to support sustainable artisanal craft production while ensuring the conservation of indigenous natural resources in the Guji Zone?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Theoretical and empirical Literature Review\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1 Theoretical framework\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interplay between artisanal craft making and environmental stewardship has been examined through various theoretical lenses, reflecting the complexities and challenges inherent in balancing economic development with sustainable resource management. Despite the plethora of theoretical views available, this study focuses on two particularly relevant models: the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and Affordance Theory.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) is a holistic approach that emphasizes the interconnectedness of various factors influencing the livelihoods of individuals and communities (Natarajan, Newsham, Rigg, \u0026amp; Suhardiman, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). This framework considers five key assets: natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital. For artisanal craft makers, the SLF is particularly relevant as it allows for an analysis of how these assets can be leveraged enhancing economic development while ensuring sustainable resource management (Kabonga, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Artisanal entrepreneurs often rely on their skills and local resources to create products that generate income (Rodrigues, Marques, \u0026amp; Ramadani, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). By understanding the various forms of capital they possess such as skills (human capital) and community networks (social capital) artisans can identify opportunities for economic growth. For instance, enhancing skills through training can lead to higher-quality products (Maulidin, Rohman, Nawawi, \u0026amp; Andrianto, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e), increased market access (Girhe et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e), and ultimately greater financial stability (Muslim, Ilyas, \u0026amp; Sani, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, the SLF emphasizes the importance of natural capital, which includes the resources that artisans depend on for their craft (Deshmukh, Rajput, Das, \u0026amp; Alam, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). By integrating sustainable practices into their production processes, such as using renewable materials and minimizing waste, artisans can contribute to the conservation of these resources (Al-Saud, AlAli, Abouelela, \u0026amp; Al Saud, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This approach aligns with the growing global emphasis on sustainability and environmental protection, ensuring that natural resources remain available for future generations. In essence, the SLF provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how artisanal craft makers can navigate the challenges of economic development while fostering sustainable practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, Affordance Theory, rooted in ecological psychology, focuses on the relationship between individuals and their environment, particularly how people perceive and utilize resources based on their context (Heras-Escribano, Travieso, \u0026amp; Lobo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; \u0026Oacute;rnelas, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This theory is instrumental in understanding how artisanal craft makers can adapt their practices to promote sustainability while enhancing their economic viability (Mohammad Nasir, Azinuddin, Hanafiah, \u0026amp; Mior Shariffuddin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). According to Affordance Theory, the potential uses of resources are shaped by the context in which artisans operate (Kimmel \u0026amp; Groth, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). For example, a piece of wood may be perceived as a raw material for crafting furniture or as a source of fuel, depending on the artisan's needs and the surrounding environment. By recognizing and exploiting the affordances of local materials, artisans can innovate and diversify their product offerings, leading to increased economic opportunities (Yadav, Sood, Tripathi, Grima, \u0026amp; Yadav, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, Affordance Theory underscores the importance of context in resource management (Sukma \u0026amp; Mahendrawathi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Artisans who understand the ecological implications of their material choices can make informed decisions that promote sustainability. For instance, by selecting materials that are abundant and renewable, artisans can reduce their environmental impact while ensuring the longevity of their craft practices (Hein, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This perspective encourages a more responsible approach to resource use, aligning economic development with environmental stewardship. Through the lens of Affordance Theory, artisans can better navigate the complexities of their environment (Kimmel \u0026amp; Groth, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), finding ways to utilize resources that contribute to both their economic success and the health of their ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Community based approaches and Impacts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecent empirical studies have explored the effects of community-based approaches in balancing the growth of artisanal craft-making businesses with environmental stewardship through sustainable natural resource management. A comprehensive review of relevant studies highlights various aspects of this interplay, illustrating how community engagement can lead to both economic benefits and enhanced environmental conservation (Baig, Ali, \u0026amp; Khan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Čegar, Drezgić, \u0026amp; Čišić, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Hariram, Mekha, Suganthan, \u0026amp; Sudhakar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Jiang \u0026amp; Ding, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne significant area of focus is the evolution of sustainable craft practices. V\u0026auml;\u0026auml;n\u0026auml;nen and P\u0026ouml;ll\u0026auml;nen (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) conducted an analysis revealing that community engagement in resource management significantly enhances the sustainability of craft production. Their study indicated that when artisans actively participate in decision-making regarding resource use, they are more likely to adopt practices that conserve the environment while simultaneously benefiting economically from their craft. Cooperative models have also emerged as a powerful means of promoting sustainability within the artisanal sector. Zhan and Walker (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) examined the role of cooperatives in enhancing market access for artisans. Their findings demonstrated that cooperatives not only facilitate resource sharing and knowledge exchange among artisans but also promote sustainable practices by creating a collective identity focused on environmental stewardship. Participatory resource management approaches further empower local artisans, as highlighted by Bamford (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). This study showed that when artisans are involved in managing their resources, they exhibit a greater commitment to sustainable practices. This empowerment leads to more responsible use of natural resources and fosters a sense of ownership over the environmental impacts of their craft. Training programs have been identified as effective tools for enhancing artisans' skills in sustainable practices. Nguyen, Novak, Xiao, and Lee (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) found that artisans who participated in training were more likely to adopt eco-friendly methods, which resulted in reduced environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy equipping artisans with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement sustainable practices, these programs contribute to the overall sustainability of the craft sector. Market linkages play a critical role in encouraging environmentally friendly practices. Alonso Aguilar, Gonz\u0026aacute;lez Alvarado, and Cabanelas Lorenzo (2024) explored the impact of direct market access on artisanal businesses and concluded that when artisans can connect directly with consumers, they are more inclined to adopt sustainable practices. This is largely driven by increasing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products, which incentivizes artisans to align their production methods accordingly. Community awareness campaigns have proven essential in promoting sustainable practices among artisans. Hartley (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e) emphasized the role of such campaigns in raising awareness about the benefits of environmental stewardship. The study found that increased awareness within the community led to a collective commitment to sustainable practices, positively impacting resource management and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolicy advocacy is another important aspect of community-based approaches. McAndrews and Marcus (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) examined how active engagement in advocacy efforts enables communities to secure policies that promote sustainable artisanal practices. The findings suggested that communities that work together to influence policy decisions are more successful in creating an environment conducive to sustainable resource management. Sustainable certification programs have also been shown to benefit artisans significantly. Stover, Avadhanula, and Sood (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) discussed how such certification not only enhances the marketability of artisanal products but also encourages artisans to adopt environmentally friendly practices. By providing a framework for sustainability recognition, certification programs motivate artisans to comply with eco-friendly standards. Cultural and social aspects further enrich the discourse on sustainable craft-making. Liu, Adams, and Walker (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) explored the cultural significance of crafts in promoting sustainability, noting that when artisans incorporate cultural values into their practices, they are more likely to engage in sustainable resource management. This connection between culture and sustainability reinforces the idea that community identity plays a crucial role in shaping environmentally responsible practices. Lastly, a comprehensive review by Rootes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) highlighted the interconnectedness of economic viability and environmental stewardship in artisanal craft-making. The study concluded that community-based approaches that integrate both economic and environmental objectives lead to more sustainable outcomes. By recognizing that economic growth and environmental conservation can coexist, communities can create a more resilient and sustainable artisanal sector.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Methods and instruments","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe research approach employed a mixed-methods strategy, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The population targeted by the study included artisanal craft-making entrepreneurs across selected woredas: Odo Shakiso, Wadera, Anna Sora, Girja, and Adola Rede. Given the unknown nature of the target population, particularly due to the household settings and geographical diversity, the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula for unknown populations, resulting in a total of 385 respondents. The sample was evenly distributed across the five woredas, with 77 respondents selected from each woreda to ensure balanced representation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData collection was conducted using both structured and unstructured questionnaires. The structured questionnaires incorporated 5-point Likert scale questions designed to assess community perceptions regarding sustainable craft production and natural resource use. Unstructured interview questions were utilized during sessions with key informants, including representatives from administrative offices such as the Skill and Job Creation Office, Environmental Protection Office, and Agricultural and Rural Development Office. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and provide an overview of community perceptions, while inferential statistics facilitated the examination of relationships and differences among variables, thus allowing for deeper insights into the impacts of artisanal craft practices on sustainable resource use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcerning validity and reliability, the results indicate strong internal consistency among the constructs measured, as evidenced by the Cronbach's Alpha values. All constructs exhibit Cronbach's Alpha values above the acceptable threshold of 0.70, with most values likely ranging between 0.9395 and 0.9425. This suggests that the items within each construct reliably measure the same underlying concept, reflecting a high degree of agreement among respondents regarding the items related to economic development and environmental stewardship in craft production.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data collection tools underwent review and approval by the institutional ethical review committee to ensure adherence to ethical standards involving human subjects. A formal letter from the college was provided to the administrators of each woreda to obtain oral consent prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the study's aims, and their participation was entirely voluntary, with the option to withdraw at any time without repercussions. To enhance participant confidence, all responses were anonymized, ensuring their identities remained protected.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this section, I present the findings of my research based on the distributed surveys. A total of 385 questionnaires were distributed, of which 335 were completed and returned, resulting in an impressive response rate of 87%. The data collected have analyzed to identify key trends, patterns, and insights that emerged from the responses. Additionally, I have discussed the implications of these findings in relation to our research objectives, highlighting how they contribute to the existing body of knowledge and informing future practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.1 Analyzing the Implementation Status of Study Concepts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn their research on survey methodologies, Allen and Seaman (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e) propose a 5-point Likert scale with specific numeric interpretations for responses. They categorize \"Strongly Disagree\" as scores ranging from 1.0 to 1.5, followed by \"Disagree\" which spans 1.6 to 2.5. The neutral response is defined by scores between 2.6 and 3.4, while \"Agree\" encompasses 3.5 to 4.4. Finally, \"Strongly Agree\" is represented by scores from 4.5 to 5.0. This structured approach aids in the clear interpretation of survey data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e indicate a generally low level of satisfaction or effectiveness among artisanal craft makers regarding various aspects of resource management, training programs, policy support, market access, and business growth. The mean scores for all items range between approximately 2.5 and 3.0 on a scale that likely extends to 5.0. This positioning below the mid-point suggests that respondents perceive these factors as inadequate or underperforming. Additionally, the consistently low standard deviations, ranging from about 0.047 to 0.057, imply a high level of consensus among respondents. This uniformity in perception reflects a collective concern among artisans regarding the challenges they face in these various domains. One of the most striking findings is the low mean scores related to decision-making involvement and communication channels. For instance, artisans report feeling marginalized in discussions concerning resource management, as indicated by the scores for items such as \"Artisanal craft makers are actively involved in decision-making regarding resource use\" and \"There is a clear communication channel for artisans to express their concerns about resource management.\" This marginalization can significantly hinder their ability to engage in sustainable practices, as effective resource management often relies on the active participation of those directly affected by these decisions. Furthermore, the artisans' understanding of the environmental impacts of their resource usage appears to be limited, as evidenced by the low mean score associated with this item. The lack of regular meetings to discuss resource management practices further exacerbates this issue, indicating a gap in education and community involvement that must be addressed. Without a solid understanding of the environmental consequences of their actions, artisans may struggle to adopt sustainable practices, ultimately jeopardizing their livelihoods and the resources they depend on. Training programs also emerge as a critical area needing improvement. The low mean scores across various training-related items suggest that current offerings may not adequately meet the needs of artisans. Notably, the artisans express low confidence in their ability to apply what they have learned in training sessions. This gap indicates a pressing need for more practical and relevant training that equips artisans with the skills necessary for effective resource management and sustainable practices. In terms of policy support, while some items show slightly higher scores, they still reflect a general perception that existing policies do not sufficiently support artisans. The artisans' involvement in policy-making discussions is minimal, highlighting the need for more inclusive and responsive approaches in policy development. Advocacy efforts that raise awareness about the needs of artisans in these discussions are essential to ensure that their voices are heard and their concerns are addressed. Market access also presents significant challenges for artisans. The low scores related to market linkages and consumer awareness indicates obstacles in accessing markets for sustainably produced crafts. Although there are some indicators of business growth, as reflected in items related to sales and customer acquisition, these improvements appear modest and may not be sustainable without addressing the foundational issues highlighted in the other categories.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical summary of the results based on items\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItems codes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItems\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eS/deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisanal craft makers are actively involved in decision-making regarding resource use\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.989362\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0571149\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is a clear communication channel for artisans to express their concerns about resource management\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.946809\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0556672\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisanal craft makers understand the environmental impact of their resource usage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.75266\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0528612\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegular meetings are held to discuss resource management practices among artisans\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.614362\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0488943\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisanal craft makers contribute to community initiatives focused on sustainable resource management\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.531915\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.048203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining programs on sustainable practices are regularly provided to artisans\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.853723\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0511537\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe training offered is effective in enhancing artisans' skills for resource management\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.768617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0538497\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eI feel confident applying what I learned in training to my craft practices\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.731383\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0512171\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining sessions include practical demonstrations of sustainable techniques\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.755319\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0524228\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of training topics related to natural resource management available for artisans\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.68883\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0519542\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocal policies support the sustainable practices of artisanal craft makers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.768617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0569228\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisans are involved in discussions about policy-making related to their craft\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.773936\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.052981\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are financial incentives available for artisans who practice sustainability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.867021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0515952\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdvocacy efforts effectively raise awareness about the needs of artisans in policy discussions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.898936\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0527378\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolicies related to natural resource management are regularly updated based on artisans' feedback\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.888298\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0515923\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisans have direct access to markets for their products\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.699468\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0534644\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarket linkages facilitate the sale of sustainably produced crafts\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.75266\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0516396\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are platforms available for artisans to showcase their products to consumers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.819149\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0528414\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsumers are aware of and demand sustainably produced artisanal goods\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.505319\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0501055\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupport exists for artisans to develop marketing strategies for their crafts\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.678191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0471952\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMy sales have increased over the past year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.99734\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.052254\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eI have gained new customers in the last six months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.928191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0551633\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eI believe the quality of my products has improved recently\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.952128\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.047276\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eI have successfully expanded my market reach\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.808511\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0509633\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMy overall revenue has increased in the past year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.912234\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0561219\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore people recognize my brand compared to last year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.784574\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0569652\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe statistical summary presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e offers a detailed overview of key variables affecting artisanal craft makers, including Community-Based Resource Management, Training Programs, Advocating Supporting Policies, Availability of Market Linkage, and Artisanal Craft Making Business Growth. Each of these variables is characterized by the number of observations, mean scores, and standard deviations, which together provide valuable insights into the artisans' experiences and perceptions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStarting with Community-Based Resource Management, the mean score is 2.767021, coupled with a standard deviation of 0.7742369. This score indicates that artisans perceive the effectiveness of community-based strategies for managing resources as below average, reflecting a lack of satisfaction with their current involvement in decision-making processes. The relatively high standard deviation suggests that responses varied significantly among artisans; while some may feel engaged and supported others likely feel excluded or disenchanted with existing practices. This variability highlights differing levels of participation and success in community resource management, pointing to the need for more inclusive approaches that encourage broader artisan engagement. In examining Training Programs, the mean score of 2.759574, alongside a standard deviation of 0.8285981, suggests that artisans find these programs to be largely inadequate. The low mean indicates that many artisans do not believe the training sufficiently addresses their needs or equips them with the necessary skills for sustainable practices. The relatively high standard deviation further underscores the diversity of opinions among artisans regarding the effectiveness of training, with some possibly perceiving the programs as beneficial while others feel they lack practical relevance. This inconsistency suggests an urgent need to reassess and tailor training content and delivery methods to better align with the artisans\u0026rsquo; real-world challenges. Turning to Advocating Supporting Policies, the mean score of 2.839362, with a standard deviation of 0.8579937, reflects a slightly more favorable outlook than the previous two variables, yet still indicates that artisans view policy advocacy efforts as insufficient. The high standard deviation reveals a wide range of perceptions regarding the extent to which policies support their practices. While some artisans may feel that advocacy efforts are addressing their needs, others likely feel overlooked or underrepresented in policy discussions. This disparity emphasizes the necessity for more inclusive and effective advocacy strategies that genuinely reflect the voices and concerns of artisans, ensuring that their needs are adequately addressed in policy-making processes. The Availability of Market Linkage presents another critical area of concern, with a mean score of 2.690957 and a standard deviation of 0.8026112. This score indicates that artisans perceive significant challenges in accessing markets for their products, with the mean falling below the midpoint of the scale. The moderate standard deviation suggests that while some artisans may have successfully established market connections, many continue to struggle with access. This situation underscores the need for enhanced support systems that facilitate market linkages and promote awareness of sustainably produced crafts among consumers, thereby improving artisans' overall marketability. Lastly, the mean score for Artisanal Craft Making Business Growth is 2.897163, with a standard deviation of 0.7368024. This score, while the highest among the variables, still indicates that artisans perceive their business growth as below average. The lower standard deviation suggests a somewhat more consistent perception of business growth among artisans compared to other areas; however, the overall score reflects only modest improvements in business outcomes. This raises concerns about the sustainability and scalability of growth for these artisans, highlighting the need for ongoing support to foster further development opportunities and ensure long-term success.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical summary of the results based on study variable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStd. Dev.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity based Resource management\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.767021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.7742369\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.759574\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.8285981\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdvocating Supporting Policies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.839362\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.8579937\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAvailability of Market Linkage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.690957\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.8026112\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisanal craft making Business growth\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.897163\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.7368024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.2 Evidences from Qualitative information\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe current environmental regulations have been perceived by artisanal craft makers as having a predominantly negative impact on their livelihoods. Many artisans express concerns that these regulations, while aimed at protecting the environment, significantly hinder their access to essential natural resources required for their craft.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne artisan noted, \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eWe are protected not to use tree cuttings for our craft making, but natural resources are highly disrupted in the name of investment\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026rdquo; This statement reflects a common sentiment among artisans who feel restricted by regulations that prevent them from utilizing traditional materials. The prohibition on using tree cuttings limits their ability to produce high-quality, authentic products, thereby affecting their economic viability. Furthermore, artisans observe that despite the stringent regulations imposed on their practices, natural resources in their areas are being significantly disrupted by large-scale industrial activities. These developments often lead to deforestation and habitat destruction, undermining the very environmental protections that are intended to benefit local communities. This creates a disparity in which small artisans are held to strict regulations while larger entities exploit resources without accountability. In response to the questions regarding community-based approaches to address the economic needs of artisanal entrepreneurs while promoting sustainable natural resource management, respondents expressed predominantly negative sentiments. Many artisans articulated a lack of effective strategies that adequately support their economic interests without compromising environmental sustainability. One artisan remarked, \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eThere are no real solutions that help us sustain our livelihoods while also protecting the environment\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen asked about successful community-based approaches, artisans indicated that existing initiatives have often fallen short of their expectations. They cited a need for more integrated programs that align economic development with sustainable practices. For example, while some initiatives have aimed to promote eco-friendly materials, these programs frequently lack the necessary resources and follow-through to create meaningful impact. Artisans noted that without robust support systems, including training and access to sustainable materials, their ability to thrive economically remains severely constrained. Furthermore, in discussing the potential for collaboration between artisans and other community stakeholders, respondents expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of current partnerships. Many artisans believe that collaboration has not been sufficiently inclusive or effective in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. One artisan stated, \u0026ldquo;We need to be part of the conversation for our needs to be addressed, but often we are left out.\u0026rdquo; They emphasized the importance of involving artisans in decision-making processes and ensuring that their voices are heard in discussions regarding resource management and economic development. However, many felt that such opportunities for genuine collaboration are limited, leading to a disconnect between artisan needs and stakeholder actions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn summary, the report underscores the negative sentiments expressed by artisans in the Guji Zone regarding community-based approaches and collaboration efforts. Respondents acknowledge the necessity for effective strategies that simultaneously address economic and environmental concerns; however, they feel that current initiatives fall short of meeting these needs. Artisans emphasize the importance of developing more inclusive and supportive frameworks that empower them and encourage meaningful collaboration with community stakeholders to achieve a sustainable balance between economic growth and environmental protection. These qualitative findings align with the descriptive results, reinforcing the urgent need for improved strategies in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.3 Association between constructs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorrelation results demonstrated in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e reveal significant positive association between constructs. Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM) shows a strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.6532 with ABG, suggesting that effective resource management enhances growth in artisanal craft businesses. The Training Program (TP) exhibits a correlation of 0.6166 with ABG, indicating that improved training initiatives are crucial for fostering business development in this sector. Advocating Supporting Policies (ASP) has a very strong correlation coefficient of 0.6938 with ABG, highlighting the significance of policy advocacy in creating a supportive environment for business expansion. Additionally, the Availability of Market Linkage (AML) demonstrates a strong positive correlation of 0.6806 with ABG, emphasizing that better market connections are vital for the success of artisanal craft businesses. Collectively, these findings underscore the interconnectedness of community resource management, training, policy advocacy, and market linkages in promoting the growth of artisanal craft making businesses, with all predictors being statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical summary of the association between constructs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003econstructs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6532 **\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6166**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6938**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4720\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4677\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6806**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4361\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4677\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7876\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.4 Effects of predictors on response construct\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe model summary indicates a robust statistical analysis of the predictors' effects on the response construct, based on a sample size of 335 observations. The overall model demonstrates a high level of significance, as evidenced by the F-statistic of 158.78 with a corresponding p-value (Prob\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;F) of 0.0000, indicating that the predictors collectively have a statistically significant effect on the response variable. The model's explanatory power is reflected in the R-squared value of 0.6581, suggesting that approximately 65.81% of the variance in the response construct can be explained by the included predictors. This is further supported by the adjusted R-squared value of 0.6539, which accounts for the number of predictors in the model, indicating that the model remains effective even when adjusting for potential overfitting. The residual sum of squares (SS) is 59.625235, with a mean square (MS) of 0.18068253, reflecting the variation not explained by the model. The root mean square error (Root MSE) of 0.42507 indicates the average distance between the observed values and the values predicted by the model, providing insight into the model's precision. Overall, these results suggest a strong and reliable model for understanding the relationship between the predictors and the response construct.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical results of the Model summary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSource\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of obs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF(4, 330)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e158.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eModel\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114.757348\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.689337\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProb\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;F\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.625235\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e330\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.18068253\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eR-squared\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6581\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdj R-squared\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6539\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e174.382583\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e334\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.522103542\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoot MSE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.42507\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e provide a comprehensive overview of the regression coefficients for various predictors in the model. Each coefficient reflects the expected change in the dependent variable for a one-unit increase in the corresponding independent variable, while holding all other variables constant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStarting with \u003cb\u003eCBRM\u003c/b\u003e, the coefficient of 0.2838048 indicates that for every one-unit increase in CBRM, the dependent variable is expected to increase by approximately 0.28 units. This strong relationship is supported by a standard error of 0.0446613, which suggests a precise estimate. The t-value of 6.35, coupled with a p-value of 0.000, confirms that the effect of CBRM is statistically significant at conventional levels. This underscores CBRM as a robust predictor of the dependent variable. Next, the TP variable exhibits a coefficient of 0.1284225. This implies that a one-unit increase in TP is associated with an expected increase of about 0.13 units in the dependent variable. The standard error of 0.0423911 and a t-value of 3.03 indicate a noteworthy effect, with a p-value of 0.003 confirming its statistical significance. While TP has a positive influence, its effect is less pronounced compared to CBRM, highlighting its role as a meaningful, though less dominant, predictor. The coefficient for ASP is 0.2367025, suggesting that an increase of one unit in ASP is linked to an increase of approximately 0.24 units in the dependent variable. With a standard error of 0.0462895 and a t-value of 5.11, the p-value of 0.000 indicates a highly significant relationship. This reinforces the importance of ASP as a key predictor in the model, emphasizing its substantial impact on the dependent variable. Similarly, the AML variable shows a coefficient of 0.2420898, indicating that a one-unit increase in AML is expected to increase the dependent variable by about 0.24 units. The standard error of 0.0487758 and a t-value of 4.96, along with a p-value of 0.000, highlight a statistically significant effect. This finding suggests that AML is also a critical contributing factor, akin to ASP. Finally, the constant term (_cons) has a coefficient of 0.4306199, representing the expected value of the dependent variable when all independent variables are zero. With a standard error of 0.099961 and a t-value of 4.31, this constant is significant at a p-value of 0.000, indicating a meaningful baseline level of the dependent variable even in the absence of other predictors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of regression Coefficients\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eABG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCoef.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStd. Err.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP(Sig)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBRM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.2838048\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0446613\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.1284225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0423911\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eASP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.2367025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0462895\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAML\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.2420898\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.0487758\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e_cons\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.4306199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.099961\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.5 Discussion of the results\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the research findings reveals a multifaceted understanding of community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The descriptive analysis indicates a generally low satisfaction among artisanal craft makers regarding several critical areas, including Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM), training programs, policy advocacy, and market access. The mean scores for these areas fall below the midpoint of the Likert scale, signifying that artisans perceive the current systems as inadequate. Notably, artisans feel marginalized in decision-making processes concerning resource management, which hampers their ability to engage in sustainable practices. This aligns with findings from Bamford (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), who emphasizes that active participation in resource management cultivates a greater commitment to sustainability. Qualitative insights further illustrate the artisans' frustrations with existing environmental regulations, which, while intended to protect natural resources, have inadvertently restricted their access to essential materials. Artisans expressed concerns that regulations favor larger industrial activities over their traditional practices, leading to a disconnect between environmental protections and community needs. This sentiment resonates with the findings of Moayerian et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), highlighting the need for integrated strategies that align economic development with sustainable practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe causal relationships among constructs were examined through regression analysis, revealing significant associations between community-based resource management, training programs, advocating supporting policies, and availability of market linkages, all positively correlated with artisanal business growth (ABG). The model summary indicates a high R-squared value of 0.6581, suggesting that approximately 65.81% of the variance in business growth can be explained by these predictors. This supports the conclusions drawn by Esteves et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), who found that collaborative efforts among artisans, policymakers, and environmental organizations foster economic viability while promoting sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe regression coefficients provide further insights into the impact of each predictor on business growth. For instance, CBRM has the highest coefficient (0.2838), indicating that effective community-based resource management significantly enhances the growth of artisanal businesses. This finding is consistent with V\u0026auml;\u0026auml;n\u0026auml;nen and P\u0026ouml;ll\u0026auml;nen (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), who demonstrated that community engagement in resource management can lead to sustainable craft practices. Similarly, the positive correlations with training programs and market linkages suggest that enhancing artisans' skills and access to markets can drive economic success, aligning with the insights from Zhan and Walker (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), who emphasized the importance of cooperatives in promoting sustainable practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn summary, the findings from both descriptive and qualitative analyses, alongside the causal relationships identified through regression modeling, underscore the pressing need for community-based interventions that empower artisans and integrate economic and environmental objectives. The empirical studies cited in the literature reinforce the notion that sustainable development in the artisanal sector is achievable through collaborative efforts, effective training, and supportive policies that prioritize the voices of artisans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion and implications","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e5.1 Conclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study is to explore community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, revealing significant gaps in support systems for artisans, low satisfaction with current resource management practices, and a critical need for inclusive policies that balance environmental protection with the economic needs of local craft makers. From these findings, it can be concluded that there exists a substantial gap between the needs of artisanal craft makers and the current support systems available to them. The study revealed that artisan satisfaction levels regarding resource management, training programs, and market access are notably low. This lack of satisfaction, coupled with feelings of marginalization, points to a critical need for more inclusive and participatory approaches in resource management. Artisans feel excluded from decision-making processes that directly affect their livelihood, which not only limits their ability to engage in sustainable practices but also diminishes their sense of ownership over the resources they depend on. Moreover, the qualitative insights emphasize the necessity for regulations that adequately protect the environment while also considering the economic realities faced by local artisans. Many artisans expressed concerns that current environmental policies, while well-intentioned, often prioritize conservation over their access to essential materials. This disconnects between environmental protections and the practical needs of artisans suggest that policymakers must actively engage artisans in discussions to develop more effective and supportive frameworks. By including artisans in the policy-making process, regulations can be tailored to balance ecological sustainability with the preservation of livelihoods, ensuring that both goals are met. Finally, the significant causal relationships identified in the study emphasize the interconnectedness of training, resource management, and policy advocacy in fostering sustainable growth in the artisanal sector. This highlights the importance of collaborative efforts among artisans, policymakers, and environmental organizations. By working together, these stakeholders can create an ecosystem that not only supports economic viability for artisans but also upholds principles of environmental stewardship. Such collaboration can lead to the development of comprehensive training programs that equip artisans with the necessary skills to implement sustainable practices, alongside policies that facilitate better market access and resource management. Ultimately, a cohesive strategy that integrates these elements will be essential for promoting a thriving artisanal sector that benefits both the economy and the environment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e5.2 Implications\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study's findings contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge on community-based approaches to sustainable craft production. By applying the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and Affordance Theory, the research highlights the interconnectedness of economic development and environmental stewardship within the artisanal sector. The low satisfaction levels among artisans regarding resource management and training programs underscore the need for theoretical models that incorporate participatory practices, emphasizing the importance of active involvement of artisans in decision-making processes. These insights suggest that future research should further explore how theoretical frameworks can be adapted to better reflect the complexities of local contexts and the specific needs of artisans, potentially leading to more effective policy recommendations and frameworks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe practical implications of the study are multifaceted and directly address the challenges faced by artisanal craft makers in the Guji Zone. The findings indicate an urgent need for policymakers to develop inclusive and participatory resource management strategies that empower artisans. This can be achieved by integrating artisans\u0026rsquo; voices into policy discussions, ensuring that regulations protect both environmental resources and the livelihoods of local craftspeople. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of enhancing training programs to better equip artisans with the skills necessary for sustainable practices. Practical training that includes hands-on demonstrations can lead to more effective implementation of sustainable methods in craft production. Additionally, the establishment of stronger market linkages is crucial for improving artisans' economic viability. Creating direct connections between artisans and consumers can foster demand for sustainably produced crafts, promoting a shift towards environmentally friendly practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e5.3 Limitations and suggestion for future research\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study has several limitations that warrant consideration. First, its geographical focus on the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions; future research should expand the scope to include multiple regions or countries for comparative analyses. Second, while the sample size of 385 respondents is substantial, the selection was confined to specific woredas, potentially overlooking the diversity of experiences among artisans; future studies should aim for a more representative sample that captures a broader range of perspectives. Third, the reliance on self-reported data may introduce biases, as artisans might provide socially desirable responses; employing mixed-methods approaches, including observational data, could enhance the accuracy of findings. Fourth, the cross-sectional nature of the study captures data at a single point in time, which may not reflect changes over time; longitudinal studies could provide insights into evolving trends in community perceptions and practices. Lastly, investigating the effectiveness of specific policies on artisanal practices could inform better policy design; future research should focus on stakeholder engagement to understand the impacts of various regulations on artisans. By addressing these limitations and pursuing these suggestions, future research can contribute to a deeper understanding of sustainable craft production and its broader implications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eASP\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdvocating Supporting Policies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eABG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArtisanal craft making Business growth\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAML\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAvailability of Market Linkage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCBRM\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity based Resource management\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eTP\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn carrying out research involving human participants volunteering to take part, the study strictly followed all ethical guidelines. Bule Hora University College of Business and Economics provided the necessary approval letters to begin the research\u0026nbsp;(Ref No CBE/14/17). I ensured the study adhered to all relevant rules regarding confidentiality, data security, knowledgeable consent, and the prevention of harm. By submitting this paper, I confirm that the research was conducted in full compliance with applicable legal and ethical standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study sample. However, informed consent from parents or legally authorized representatives of subjects under 16 was not applicable for this research, as all participants were adults over 18 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish\u003c/strong\u003e -NA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWhole paper from drafting to last version of manuscript was prepared by Author of the manuscript Dr Dawit Udessa\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of supporting data:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData are available based on a reasonable request from the corresponding author\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number\u003c/strong\u003e: not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eI would like to express my deepest gratitude to West Guji and Guji Zone administrators for supporting the researcher by allowing conducting research in their respective zonal administration. Furthermore, I also thank all zonal officials and participants for their cooperation during data collection.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAl-Saud KM, AlAli R, Abouelela AS, Al Saud AM. Exploring the Feasibility for Utilizing Recycled Palm Waste in Decorative Design Applications as Enhancements for Tourist Destinations: A Step toward Environmental Sustainability. Sustainability. 2024;16(3):1003.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAllen IE, Seaman CA. Likert scales and data analyses. Qual progress. 2007;40(7):64\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlonso Aguilar FD, Gonz\u0026aacute;lez Alvarado TE, Lorenzo C, P. Artisanal Businesses: Historical and Economic Context. Mercados y negocios. 2024;25(52):53\u0026ndash;76.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaig S, Ali A, Khan SU. 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Des J. 2019;22(4):483\u0026ndash;503.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Artisanal, Community-based, Craft production, Economic development, Environmental stewardship, Resource management, Sustainable","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7163236/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7163236/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study explores community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, highlighting the economic and environmental challenges faced by artisanal craft makers. A mixed methods strategy was employed, involving a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 385 using structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews for data collection. The findings indicate significant gaps in support systems, with artisans reporting low satisfaction in areas such as resource management, training programs, and market access. Many artisans feel marginalized in decision-making processes, which hinder their engagement in sustainable practices. Causal analysis reveals strong positive correlations between Community-Based Resource Management, Training Programs, Advocating Supporting Policies, and Availability of Market Linkage with Artisanal Business Growth, explaining approximately 65.81% of the variance in business growth. The study concludes that inclusive policies and participatory approaches are essential to empower artisans, enhance training, and improve market access, ultimately fostering sustainable economic development.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Integrating economic development and environmental stewardship through community-based approaches to sustainable craft production in the Guji Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-14 09:12:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7163236/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"62b978c0-20f9-4fe2-b8d3-0326ecc5de08","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 14th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-28T15:23:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-14 09:12:26","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7163236","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7163236","identity":"rs-7163236","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}