Study on Secondary Collapse of the Bottom Frame Masonry Structure in Semi- ruined State based on FEM-FDEM

Study on Secondary Collapse of the Bottom Frame Masonry Structure in Semi- ruined State based on FEM-FDEM | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Study on Secondary Collapse of the Bottom Frame Masonry Structure in Semi- ruined State based on FEM-FDEM Defeng Xu, Feifei Sun, Huaixiang Zhao, Honghui Qi, Limei Chen, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925614/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The bottom frame masonry structure (BFMS) in a semi-ruined state is vulnerable to secondary collapse under strong aftershocks, posing a significant risk to rescuers during post-earthquake operations. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms and characteristics of secondary collapse of BFMS in a semi-ruined state (BFMS-SR) under aftershocks is critical. This paper proposes a numerical modeling framework for BFMS under mainshock-aftershock conditions, utilizing a combination of the finite element method (FEM) and the finite discrete element method (FDEM). The validation demonstrates that FEM-FDEM can effectively reproduce the transition of BFMS from an intact state to a semi-ruined state, ultimately leading to a secondary collapse state. Subsequently, the mechanisms and structural response characteristics of BFMS-SR under aftershocks are analyzed. The secondary collapse of the BFMS-SR under aftershocks is primarily governed by column hinge development. Furthermore, according to the time-history curve of absolute vertical velocity (AAVV), the secondary collapse of BFMS-SR exhibits four distinct stages: stabilization, structural response development, secondary collapse, and post-collapse. The end of the stabilization phase is proposed as the early-warning threshold for secondary collapse of BFMS-SR under aftershocks, aiding in post-earthquake rescue operations. Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Bottom frame Masonry structure Semi-ruined State FEM-FDEM Aftershocks Secondary Collapse Mechanisms Response Characteristics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 18 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 17 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Sep, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Sep, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Sep, 2024 Editor invited by journal 30 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 16 Aug, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4925614","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":358602958,"identity":"3f1f61d8-8610-46bb-bca5-293d73a5419d","order_by":0,"name":"Defeng Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Defeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":358602959,"identity":"95d5a118-a38d-4eb3-bc2b-e990d4349594","order_by":1,"name":"Feifei Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tongji University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feifei","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":358602960,"identity":"9294da38-a23f-4c7c-8d43-20cda42056a6","order_by":2,"name":"Huaixiang Zhao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwYGNiBlw8PG3nzgwIcfxGtJk+PnOZZ4cGYP8VoOG0vOyDE+zMFGhBZzifRnD35UMCduuJHz4TADD4M8v9gB/Fosew6kG/acYUvccObthsMFFgyGM2cnEHDY8YZjErxtPIkbjuduODyDhyHB4DYhLYcZ2yT/tkkkbjiQ8+AwDxsxWo43s0nzthkYS3bkMBCp5cwxNmmZMwmgQDYABrIEEX65kf5M8k3Ff1BUPv7w4YeNPL80AS3oQII05aNgFIyCUTAKsAMALXpJWEwtqrkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huaixiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":358602961,"identity":"81c95d17-9230-4897-aefe-1634d5589805","order_by":3,"name":"Honghui Qi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tongji University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Honghui","middleName":"","lastName":"Qi","suffix":""},{"id":358602962,"identity":"31506e44-5bca-4c5b-97db-a58b56f8fdcf","order_by":4,"name":"Limei Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Limei","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":358602963,"identity":"6eaff1cf-6275-44ac-84c7-7e494767b09f","order_by":5,"name":"Tianyu Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tianyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-16 14:24:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925614/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925614/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80612-x","type":"published","date":"2024-11-26T15:57:48+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":70382763,"identity":"99d9d520-56a6-4536-a216-2be2eb617d3e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-02 16:30:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2776740,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4925614/v1_covered_47c2164a-9aae-4a82-94ed-ec55460988ea.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study on Secondary Collapse of the Bottom Frame Masonry Structure in Semi- ruined State based on FEM-FDEM","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bottom frame Masonry structure, Semi-ruined State, FEM-FDEM, Aftershocks, Secondary Collapse Mechanisms, Response Characteristics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925614/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925614/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The bottom frame masonry structure (BFMS) in a semi-ruined state is vulnerable to secondary collapse under strong aftershocks, posing a significant risk to rescuers during post-earthquake operations. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms and characteristics of secondary collapse of BFMS in a semi-ruined state (BFMS-SR) under aftershocks is critical. This paper proposes a numerical modeling framework for BFMS under mainshock-aftershock conditions, utilizing a combination of the finite element method (FEM) and the finite discrete element method (FDEM). The validation demonstrates that FEM-FDEM can effectively reproduce the transition of BFMS from an intact state to a semi-ruined state, ultimately leading to a secondary collapse state. Subsequently, the mechanisms and structural response characteristics of BFMS-SR under aftershocks are analyzed. The secondary collapse of the BFMS-SR under aftershocks is primarily governed by column hinge development. Furthermore, according to the time-history curve of absolute vertical velocity (AAVV), the secondary collapse of BFMS-SR exhibits four distinct stages: stabilization, structural response development, secondary collapse, and post-collapse. The end of the stabilization phase is proposed as the early-warning threshold for secondary collapse of BFMS-SR under aftershocks, aiding in post-earthquake rescue operations.","manuscriptTitle":"Study on Secondary Collapse of the Bottom Frame Masonry Structure in Semi- ruined State based on FEM-FDEM","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-27 19:55:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4925614/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-09-24T18:58:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-18T12:06:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-17T07:22:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"149364958885442080197026321068960734560","date":"2024-09-14T19:31:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"333210500720927896712891244081566279467","date":"2024-09-13T07:41:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"191366308628948331894780750289053955313","date":"2024-09-12T11:56:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"223827187084302710131506039842710523590","date":"2024-09-12T11:47:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-09-12T11:29:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-09-12T11:27:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-08-30T10:30:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-08-29T10:38:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-08-16T14:23:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0a801b0a-3908-4fbf-9269-512b4dd31f80","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 27th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":38154876,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering"},{"id":38154877,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-02T16:03:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4925614","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80612-x","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-11-26 15:57:48","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 26th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-27 19:55:31","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-80612-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80612-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4925614","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4925614","identity":"rs-4925614","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}