Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as an Independent Predictor of Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A MIMIC-IV Database Analysis

Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as an Independent Predictor of Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A MIMIC-IV Database Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as an Independent Predictor of Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A MIMIC-IV Database Analysis Kuang-Te Wang, Min-I Su, Chun-Han Cheng, Shaw-Ji Chen, Wei-Ru Chiou, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029004/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is an end-stage disease frequently necessitating intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and is associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP); however, the prognostic significance for HF-associated mortality among ICU patients remains unexplored. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined associations between ALP and mortality using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (version 2.2) database. This cohort study analyzed 4,569 adults diagnosed with HF who were admitted to the ICU and were included in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (version 2.2) database from 2008 to 2019. Patients aged < 18 years, those who died or were discharged within 24 h, and those with missing key variables were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected within the first 24 h of ICU admission and evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional-hazard models adjusted for major covariates. Results ICU mortality rate for HF was 11.45% (523 deaths), in-hospital rate was 17.22% (787 deaths), and total rate was 53.38% (2,439 deaths). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly greater ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality rates among HF patients with ALP > 140 IU/L (all p 140 vs. ≤140 IU/L) were significantly associated with ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality by Cox regression analysis, and multivariate analysis established ALP as an independent predictor of all three mortality categories. Multivariate analysis revealed that when ALP was modeled as a continuous variable, each 100-IU/L increase in ALP was associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.076 for ICU mortality, 1.078 for in-hospital mortality, and 1.080 for total mortality. Categorical analysis (ALP of > 140 vs. ≤140 IU/L) revealed that the adjusted HRs increased to 1.293, 1.258, and 1.318, respectively. Conclusions Increased blood ALP levels were substantially correlated with higher mortality in heart failure patients necessitating ICU care. These findings underscore the need for further research on the mechanisms underlying ALP elevation in HF. alkaline phosphatase heart failure congestive hepatopathy intensive care unit mortality Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Background Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of the cardiac disease spectrum and the greatest contributor to cardiovascular disease-associated mortality [ 1 ]. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and evidence-based treatments, the prognosis for HF patients continues to be poor [ 2 ], and HF remains a major global public health challenge. Although most patients with HF can be managed in general wards, a substantial proportion of the patients, particularly those with severe decompensation or hemodynamic instability, require advanced life-support therapies available only in intensive care units (ICUs). Estimates show that 10%–51% of HF hospitalizations in the United States involve ICU admission [ 3 ]. Similarly, a report based on data from the Romanian Acute Heart Failure Syndromes registry revealed that approximately 10.7% of HF patients require ICU care, and that ICU admission was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death compared to HF patients not requiring ICU admittance (17.3% vs. 6.5%) [ 4 ]. Patients admitted to the ICU are also at substantially higher risk of mortality during hospital stay compared to patients treated in regular wards [ 5 ]. One such study found that 10.6% of ICU-treated HF patients died in hospital, compared to only 4.0% of all HF patients [ 6 ]. This disparity underscores the critical need for precise prognosis predictions and intensive, closely monitored treatment for those admitted to the ICU. Admission to the ICU results in a disproportionately greater expenditure of medical resources and staff time as the staff to patient ratio is substantially higher. Moreover, a Taiwan national database indicates that of 192,201 patients admitted to the ICU, a total of 25,263 (13.14%) required readmission and HF was identified as a significant risk factor for readmission (HR 3.365 [95% confidence intervals [ 1 ] 3.047–3.717], p ≤ 0.001) [ 7 ]. Therefore, identifying factors and biomarkers associated with adverse outcomes among HF patients requiring ICU care is imperative for enabling timely intervention and optimizing critical care management. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in many tissues throughout the body, but with highest concentrations in liver, bile ducts, bones, kidneys, and intestines, where it removes phosphate groups from molecules as a critical step in many metabolic pathways [ 8 ]. Indeed, ALP is required for a variety of biological processes, including the breakdown of proteins, the transport of nutrients, and bone mineralization. Recent studies have reported that serum ALP is elevated among patients with cardiovascular disorders [ 9 ], possibly as a result of vascular calcification [ 10 ], inflammation [ 11 ], and (or) hepatic congestion [ 12 ]. The SURVIVE trial found that 46% of patients with acute HF requiring inotropic support had abnormal liver function, with 11% showing elevated serum ALP. This increased ALP level was linked to higher mortality risk within 180 days [ 13 ]. Similarly, higher ALP activity was associated with an increased frequency of symptomatic HF (HR = 1.38) [ 14 ]. Poelzl et al. [ 15 ] also found that cholestatic enzymes like ALP were linked to HF severity in a cohort of 1,032 patients, suggesting that ALP may serve as a prognostic biomarker. Given that ~ 10% of patients hospitalized for acute HF require intensive care and that these patients face a higher mortality rate, serum ALP may be a valuable prognostic factor. However, while previous studies have established the prognostic value of ALP for the general HF patient population, no study has specifically examining the association between ALP levels and outcomes among critically ill HF patients admitted to the ICU. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of elevated serum ALP with mortality among HF patients requiring ICU admittance using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. We report that elevated serum ALP is a significant independent predictor of HR-associated mortality among patients requiring ICU admittance. Methods Data source This cohort study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV version 2.2, a publicly available real-world clinical database maintained by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) [ 16 , 17 ]. It includes records on over 200,000 emergency department admissions and more than 60,000 ICU stays. One of the current study authors (MS) completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative examination (certification number: 42188048) and gained access to the database for data extraction. The code for extracting the data is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-iv ). In this study, cases from 2008 to 2019 were included in the analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the data-use agreement of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV, version 2.2) database maintained by BIDMC. The database was approved for research use by the BIDMC Institutional Review Board, and all patient data were fully deidentified [ 17 ]. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of MacKay Memorial Hospital (IRB no. 24MMHIS460e). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Study population Only data from HF patients older than 18 years admitted to the ICU were included. The diagnosis of HF was determined using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision (ICD-9) or tenth Revision (ICD-10), and the following codes were considered: 428.0, 428.1, 428.20–428.23, 428.30–428.33, I500, I501, I502, I503, I504, I508, I110, I130, and I132. In case of multiple ICU admissions for the same patient, only data from the first ICU stay were analyzed. Patients who were discharged or died within 24 h after ICU admission or those who lacked any essential data were excluded (Fig. 1 ). Essential variables collected during the first measurement within the initial 24 h after ICU admission included demographic information (age, sex, and BMI), vital signs, and key laboratory parameters, such as serum ALP, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), creatinine, and complete blood count. Definitions and outcomes According to Sharma et al. [ 18 ], 20–140 IU/L is the normal physiological range of ALP in serum, so we considered ALP > 140 IU/L as elevated [ 18 ]. The primary outcomes were HF-associated ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and total mortality. Total mortality data were obtained from the state death records. Mortality data were obtained from state death records linked to the MIMIC-IV database. This linkage, which integrates hospital discharge data from BIDMC with official state death registries, was established approximately 2 years after the last patient discharge to minimize reporting delays. As part of the database deidentification protocol, any death occurring over 1 year after the final hospital discharge was censored; hence, the maximum follow-up duration for ascertaining mortality was 1 year after discharge. Covariates Covariates for analysis were chosen based on related studies [ 19 ]. In addition to extracting major clinical and demographic parameters from the database (Table 1 ), we calculated various health status scores within the first 24 h of ICU admission and extracted vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, SpO2, urine output, and blood test results (including blood cells and biochemistry data) in the first 24 h after ICU admission. Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort Mean (SD) / n(%) (N = 4569) ALP Group P-value ≤ 140 > 140 (N = 3649) (N = 920) Sex Male 2646(57.91) 2133(58.45) 513(55.76) 0.145 Female 1923(42.09) 1516(41.55) 407(44.24) Age (years) 71.97(14.06) 72.22(14.08) 70.95(13.93) 0.014 * BMI (kg/m 2 ) 29.71(8.47) 29.88(8.55) 29.06(8.12) 0.009 ** Heart rate (bpm) 91.14(21.7) 90.76(21.6) 92.63(22.02) 0.020 * MBP (mmHg) 82.64(19.34) 83.05(19.27) 81.01(19.51) 0.004 ** Respiratory rate (insp/min) 21.08(6.33) 20.96(6.26) 21.55(6.57) 0.011 * Temperature (°C) 36.71(0.81) 36.72(0.8) 36.67(0.87) 0.068 Potassium (mEq/L) 4.48(0.96) 4.47(0.95) 4.54(0.97) 0.037 * Hemoglobin (gm/dl) 10.79(2.51) 10.89(2.55) 10.39(2.32) 0.000 *** Platelet (×10³/µL) 220.11(112.39) 217.18(106.12) 231.75(133.82) 0.002 ** WBC (×10³/µL) 12.82(9.21) 12.57(8.77) 13.82(10.72) 0.001 ** RBC (×10⁶/µL) 3.67(0.86) 3.7(0.87) 3.56(0.83) 0.000 *** ALT (IU/L) 111.27(453.17) 93.24(446.4) 182.81(472.6) 0.000 *** Bilirubin, Total (mg/dL) 1.23(2.34) 0.98(1.68) 2.2(3.84) 0.000 *** INR 1.8(1.52) 1.75(1.51) 2(1.55) 0.000 *** Urine output (mL) 225.36(242.14) 230.45(249.36) 205.17(209.99) 0.002 ** Scr (mg/dL) 1.2(0.94) 1.19(0.96) 1.22(0.9) 0.391 Peripheral vascular disease 747(16.35) 596(16.33) 151(16.41) 0.960 Cerebrovascular disease 590(12.91) 486(13.32) 104(11.3) 0.111 Hypertension 3735(81.75) 2991(81.97) 744(80.87) 0.445 Diabetes mellitus 1988(43.51) 1564(42.86) 424(46.09) 0.080 LODS score 6.31(3.43) 6.21(3.39) 6.69(3.55) 0.000 *** Followed up (Day) 344.32(629.53) 357.47(645.54) 292.16(558.81) 0.002 ** Length of ICU stay (Day) 5.34(5.92) 5.32(5.97) 5.4(5.72) 0.746 Length of hospital stay (Day) 13.18(12.12) 12.98(11.93) 13.98(12.82) 0.032 * ICU mortality 523(11.45) 379(10.39) 144(15.65) 0.000 *** In-hospital mortality 787(17.22) 579(15.87) 208(22.61) 0.000 *** Total mortality 2439(53.38) 1861(51) 578(62.83) 0.000 *** Statistical analysis Continuous variables are expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD), while categorical variables are presented as the number and percentage (%). Categorical variables were compared between groups using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, whereas continuous variables were compared by Student’s t-test. The associations between serum ALP and study endpoints were quantified using both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Associations with ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and total mortality are expressed by HRs with 95% CIs. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were also conducted to calculate the endpoint incidence rates for subgroups defined by ALP levels > 140 IU/L vs. ≤140 IU/L, and these values were then compared by log-rank test. To test the robustness of the exposure definition, sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative cutoff thresholds for serum ALP (> 120 IU/L, > 140 IU/L, and > 160 IU/L) as well as through modeling ALP as a continuous variable per 1 SD increase and as a log-transformed variable [log(ALP)] to account for distributional skewness. To account for the competing risk of discharge alive when analyzing in-hospital mortality, a Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model was also created. This model treated discharge alive as a competing event for in-hospital death, whereas deaths during hospitalization were considered the primary event. Both continuous and categorical forms of serum ALP were evaluated, and the results were expressed as subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) with 95% CIs. All analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3) and SPSS (20). A threshold p < 0.05 (two-sided) was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort Among the 73,181 ICU admissions within the study period, 4,569 adult HF patients were identified meeting inclusion criteria and without exclusion criteria (e.g., death within 24 h). The mean follow-up period was 344.32 ± 629.53 days, the average length of ICU stay was 5.34 ± 5.92 days, and the mean total hospital stay was 13.18 ± 12.12 days. Females accounted for 42.09% (n = 1923) of the cohort included in the analysis. Mean age of the study population was 71.97 ± 14.06 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was 29.71 ± 8.47 kg/m 2 . Average serum ALP was 118.00 ± 112.46 IU/L and was over 140 IU/L (elevated) in 20.14% of cases. Liver function indicators were as follows: 111.27 ± 453.17 IU/L alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1.23 ± 2.34 mg/dL total bilirubin, and 1.80 ± 1.52 INR. The average serum creatinine level was 1.20 ± 0.94 mg/dL. Disease underlying HF in this cohort included peripheral vascular disease (16.35%, n = 747), cerebrovascular disease (12.91%, n = 590), chronic pulmonary disease (35.48%, n = 1,621), hypertension (81.75%, n = 3,735), and diabetes mellitus (43.51%, n = 1988). The Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) score was 6.31 ± 3.43 (Table 1 ). Individuals in the high ALP group were younger, exhibited higher heart and respiratory rates, lower BMI, blood pressure, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count, and higher serum potassium, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, INR, and serum creatinine. Additionally, the high ALP group also presented with elevated LODS score and lower GCS and urine output. The levels of ALP, whether high or low, did not appear to be significantly associated with comorbidities (Table 1 ). Clinical characteristics and outcomes ICU mortality rate during the study period was 11.45% (n = 523), in-hospital mortality was 17.22% (n = 787), and total mortality was 53.38% (n = 2,439) (Table 1 ) Kaplan–Meier curves (Fig. 2 ) revealed that individuals with elevated serum ALP were at increased risk for all three mortality categories (all p 140 vs. ALP ≤ 140) ALP variables were significantly related to ICU mortality (Fig. 2 a), in-hospital mortality (Fig. 2 b), and total mortality (Fig. 2 c). In addition, age, mean BP, temperature, WBC count, platelet count, total bilirubin, INR, 24-h urine output, SCr, GCS score, and LODS score were significant predictors of mortality (Table 2 ). Further multivariate analysis identified ALP as an independent predictor of ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality. When ALP was treated as a continuous variable with, each 100-IU/L increase in ALP was associated with adjusted HR values of 1.076 (95% CI 1.016‒1.138, p = 0.012) for ICU mortality, 1.078 (95% CI 1.029‒1.130, p = 0.002) for in-hospital mortality, and 1.080 (95% CI 1.052‒1.110, p 140 as a grouping variable, HR values were 1.293 (95% CI 1.060‒1.576, p = 0.011) for ICU mortality, 1.258 (95% CI 1.069‒1.481, p = 0.006) for in-hospital mortality, and 1.318 (95% CI 1.196‒1.451, p < 0.001) for total mortality. In addition, older age was independently associated with both ICU and in-hospital mortality. Among liver function markers, only total bilirubin (but not ALT or INR) was independently associated with all three mortality endpoints. Table 2 Variables associated with study outcomes based on the Cox regression model Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis HR 95% CI P-value a HR 95% CI P-value a HR 95% CI P-value Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper ICU mortality ALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L) 1.115 1.064 1.168 0.000 *** 1.076 1.016 1.138 0.012 * ALP Group (ALP > 140 vs ALP ≤ 140) 1.522 1.256 1.844 0.000 *** 1.293 1.060 1.576 0.011 * Sex (Female) 1.009 0.848 1.200 0.922 1.156 0.964 1.386 0.117 1.169 0.975 1.401 0.092 Age 1.017 1.010 1.023 0.000 *** 1.021 1.013 1.028 0.000 *** 1.021 1.014 1.029 0.000 *** BMI 0.992 0.981 1.002 0.120 0.997 0.985 1.009 0.589 0.997 0.985 1.009 0.601 Heart Rate 1.004 1.001 1.008 0.025 * 1.003 0.999 1.007 0.175 1.003 0.999 1.007 0.158 MBP 0.988 0.983 0.993 0.000 *** 0.996 0.992 1.001 0.127 0.996 0.992 1.001 0.110 Respiratory rate 1.022 1.009 1.035 0.001 ** 1.011 0.998 1.024 0.107 1.010 0.998 1.023 0.114 Temperature 0.708 0.648 0.774 0.000 *** 0.847 0.778 0.922 0.000 *** 0.847 0.778 0.921 0.000 *** Potassium 1.159 1.069 1.255 0.000 *** 0.986 0.903 1.076 0.751 0.982 0.899 1.073 0.694 Hemoglobin 0.958 0.926 0.992 0.015 * 0.945 0.869 1.026 0.178 0.941 0.867 1.023 0.153 Platelet 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.205 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.209 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.264 WBC 1.016 1.011 1.020 0.000 *** 1.014 1.008 1.020 0.000 *** 1.014 1.008 1.020 0.000 *** RBC 0.887 0.803 0.980 0.018 * 1.201 0.945 1.525 0.134 1.216 0.958 1.543 0.108 ALT 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.015 * 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.569 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.572 Bilirubin, Total 1.063 1.043 1.084 0.000 *** 1.040 1.014 1.066 0.002 ** 1.044 1.020 1.068 0.000 *** INR 1.088 1.047 1.130 0.000 *** 0.996 0.951 1.042 0.858 0.994 0.949 1.041 0.811 Urine output 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.000 *** 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.299 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.320 Scr 1.224 1.154 1.298 0.000 *** 1.240 1.154 1.333 0.000 *** 1.248 1.161 1.340 0.000 *** Peripheral vascular disease 1.102 0.881 1.379 0.395 1.026 0.814 1.294 0.829 1.022 0.811 1.289 0.851 Cerebrovascular disease 1.433 1.142 1.798 0.002 ** 1.481 1.172 1.871 0.001 ** 1.476 1.168 1.865 0.001 ** Hypertension 0.812 0.658 1.002 0.052 0.807 0.642 1.014 0.066 0.803 0.639 1.010 0.061 Diabetes mellitus 0.894 0.752 1.064 0.208 0.835 0.695 1.004 0.055 0.830 0.690 0.998 0.047 * LODS score 1.333 1.304 1.361 0.000 *** 1.315 1.284 1.346 0.000 *** 1.314 1.283 1.345 0.000 *** In-hospital mortality ALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L) 1.113 1.071 1.156 0.000 *** 1.078 1.029 1.130 0.002 ** ALP Group (ALP > 140 vs ALP ≤ 140) 1.444 1.232 1.692 0.000 *** 1.258 1.069 1.481 0.006 ** Sex (Female) 1.096 0.952 1.261 0.204 1.210 1.045 1.401 0.011 * 1.221 1.054 1.413 0.008 ** Age 1.022 1.017 1.028 0.000 *** 1.026 1.020 1.032 0.000 *** 1.026 1.020 1.032 0.000 *** BMI 0.987 0.978 0.996 0.004 ** 0.995 0.985 1.005 0.320 0.995 0.985 1.005 0.327 Heart Rate 1.004 1.001 1.007 0.019 * 1.004 1.000 1.007 0.028 * 1.004 1.001 1.007 0.024 * MBP 0.990 0.986 0.994 0.000 *** 0.997 0.993 1.001 0.101 0.997 0.993 1.000 0.087 Respiratory rate 1.018 1.007 1.028 0.001 ** 1.009 0.998 1.020 0.096 1.009 0.998 1.020 0.093 Temperature 0.765 0.708 0.827 0.000 *** 0.874 0.811 0.942 0.000 *** 0.872 0.809 0.940 0.000 *** Potassium 1.106 1.034 1.183 0.003 ** 0.975 0.907 1.049 0.498 0.972 0.903 1.046 0.445 Hemoglobin 0.947 0.921 0.974 0.000 *** 0.958 0.894 1.026 0.220 0.954 0.891 1.022 0.181 Platelet 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.004 ** 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.008 ** 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.014 * WBC 1.015 1.011 1.019 0.000 *** 1.014 1.009 1.019 0.000 *** 1.014 1.009 1.018 0.000 *** RBC 0.845 0.779 0.917 0.000 *** 1.108 0.908 1.353 0.312 1.123 0.921 1.369 0.251 ALT 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.022 * 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.754 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.751 Bilirubin, Total 1.067 1.051 1.083 0.000 *** 1.049 1.029 1.069 0.000 *** 1.053 1.034 1.073 0.000 *** INR 1.081 1.047 1.116 0.000 *** 0.998 0.961 1.036 0.912 0.996 0.959 1.035 0.841 Urine output 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.000 *** 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.026 * 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.028 * Scr 1.184 1.124 1.248 0.000 *** 1.197 1.124 1.274 0.000 *** 1.203 1.131 1.281 0.000 *** Peripheral vascular disease 1.082 0.901 1.301 0.399 0.991 0.821 1.198 0.929 0.988 0.818 1.194 0.904 Cerebrovascular disease 1.490 1.240 1.789 0.000 *** 1.605 1.330 1.938 0.000 *** 1.599 1.324 1.930 0.000 *** Hypertension 0.902 0.755 1.077 0.254 0.857 0.708 1.036 0.111 0.853 0.705 1.032 0.102 Diabetes mellitus 0.856 0.743 0.987 0.032 * 0.823 0.709 0.956 0.011 * 0.820 0.706 0.953 0.010 ** LODS score 1.266 1.244 1.289 0.000 *** 1.250 1.226 1.274 0.000 *** 1.249 1.226 1.274 0.000 *** Total mortality ALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L) 1.092 1.066 1.119 0.000 *** 1.080 1.052 1.110 0.000 *** ALP Group (ALP > 140 vs ALP ≤ 140) 1.377 1.254 1.512 0.000 *** 1.318 1.196 1.451 0.000 *** Sex (Female) 0.990 0.914 1.073 0.808 0.988 0.909 1.074 0.777 0.994 0.915 1.081 0.893 Age 1.029 1.025 1.032 0.000 *** 1.030 1.026 1.033 0.000 *** 1.030 1.026 1.033 0.000 *** BMI 0.978 0.973 0.983 0.000 *** 0.986 0.980 0.992 0.000 *** 0.986 0.980 0.992 0.000 *** Heart Rate 0.999 0.997 1.001 0.326 1.003 1.001 1.005 0.006 ** 1.003 1.001 1.005 0.005 ** MBP 0.993 0.991 0.995 0.000 *** 0.998 0.996 1.000 0.068 0.998 0.996 1.000 0.079 Respiratory rate 1.008 1.002 1.014 0.014 * 1.006 0.999 1.012 0.074 1.006 0.999 1.012 0.089 Temperature 0.841 0.802 0.881 0.000 *** 0.887 0.845 0.931 0.000 *** 0.883 0.841 0.926 0.000 *** Potassium 1.106 1.066 1.149 0.000 *** 1.033 0.992 1.077 0.115 1.034 0.993 1.078 0.106 Hemoglobin 0.937 0.922 0.952 0.000 *** 0.933 0.897 0.970 0.000 *** 0.931 0.896 0.968 0.000 *** Platelet 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.001 ** 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.003 ** 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.004 ** WBC 1.011 1.007 1.014 0.000 *** 1.009 1.006 1.013 0.000 *** 1.009 1.006 1.013 0.000 *** RBC 0.832 0.795 0.871 0.000 *** 1.124 1.004 1.258 0.042 * 1.133 1.013 1.267 0.029 * ALT 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.849 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.309 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.236 Bilirubin, Total 1.053 1.039 1.067 0.000 *** 1.053 1.037 1.069 0.000 *** 1.054 1.038 1.070 0.000 *** INR 1.060 1.039 1.082 0.000 *** 0.995 0.973 1.017 0.658 0.993 0.972 1.016 0.565 Urine output 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.000 *** 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.159 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.151 Scr 1.107 1.071 1.144 0.000 *** 1.086 1.043 1.131 0.000 *** 1.089 1.046 1.135 0.000 *** Peripheral vascular disease 1.271 1.149 1.407 0.000 *** 1.171 1.055 1.299 0.003 ** 1.174 1.059 1.303 0.002 ** Cerebrovascular disease 1.272 1.135 1.426 0.000 *** 1.310 1.167 1.471 0.000 *** 1.310 1.167 1.471 0.000 *** Hypertension 1.117 1.001 1.246 0.049 * 0.870 0.774 0.978 0.020 * 0.857 0.763 0.963 0.010 ** Diabetes mellitus 0.979 0.904 1.061 0.607 1.020 0.937 1.109 0.651 1.016 0.934 1.106 0.705 LODS score 1.131 1.119 1.144 0.000 *** 1.117 1.104 1.130 0.000 *** 1.117 1.104 1.130 0.000 *** Model: Adjusted by Sex (Female), Age, BMI, Heart Rate, MBP, Respiratory rate, Temperature, Potassium, Hemoglobin, Platelet, WBC, RBC, ALT, Bilirubin, Total, INR, Urine output, Scr, Peripheral vascular disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, and LODS score. Sensitivity analyses using alternative ALP thresholds (> 120 and > 160 IU/L) per 1 SD increase and log-transformed models yielded results consistent with our primary findings, confirming that the prognostic effects of ALP were consistent across different exposure definitions (Table 3 ). Table 3 Cox regression model for sensitivity analyses (for exposure definition) a HR Multivariate Analysis P-value 95% CI Lower Upper ICU mortality ALP Group (ALP > 120 vs. ALP ≤ 120) 1.318 1.094 1.588 0.004 ** ALP Group (ALP > 160 vs. ALP ≤ 160) 1.430 1.156 1.768 0.001 *** ALP (standardized by Z-score, as a continuous variable, as a continuous variable) 1.255 1.088 1.448 0.002 ** ALP (log-transformed, as a continuous variable) 1.085 1.018 1.157 0.012 * In-hospital mortality ALP Group (ALP > 120 vs. ALP ≤ 120) 1.292 1.109 1.504 0.001 *** ALP Group (ALP > 160 vs. ALP ≤ 160) 1.361 1.143 1.622 0.001 *** ALP (standardized by Z-score, as a continuous variable, as a continuous variable) 1.271 1.131 1.427 0.000 *** ALP (log-transformed, as a continuous variable) 1.088 1.032 1.147 0.002 ** Total mortality ALP Group (ALP > 120 vs. ALP ≤ 120) 1.280 1.172 1.398 0.000 *** ALP Group (ALP > 160 vs. ALP ≤ 160) 1.347 1.211 1.498 0.000 *** ALP (standardized by Z-score, as a continuous variable, as a continuous variable) 1.296 1.210 1.388 0.000 *** ALP (log-transformed, as a continuous variable) 1.091 1.059 1.124 0.000 *** To further evaluate the potential effects of competing events, Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard analysis was conducted using discharge alive as a competing risk for in-hospital death. Notably, the results were consistent with the primary Cox regression models. Each 100-IU/L increase in ALP was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (SHR = 1.078, 95% CI 1.017–1.142, p = 0.005). Moreover, patients with ALP > 140 IU/L had greater in-hospital mortality than those with ALP ≤ 140 IU/L (SHR = 1.258, 95% CI 1.071–1.478, p = 0.005). These findings confirm that the association between elevated ALP and in-hospital mortality remained robust even after accounting for the competing risk of discharge alive (Table 4 ). Table 4 Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard analysis results Multivariate analysis Multivariate analysis SHR 95% CI P-value SHR 95% CI P-value Lower Upper Lower Upper In-hospital mortality ALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L) 1.078 1.017 1.142 0.005 ** ALP Group (ALP > 140 vs. ALP ≤ 140) 1.258 1.071 1.478 0.005 ** Sex (Female) 1.210 1.041 1.406 0.009 ** 1.220 1.051 1.417 0.009 ** Age 1.026 1.019 1.032 0.000 *** 1.026 1.020 1.033 0.000 *** BMI 0.995 0.985 1.005 0.352 0.995 0.985 1.005 0.352 Heart rate 1.004 1.000 1.007 0.026 * 1.004 1.000 1.008 0.026 * MBP 0.997 0.993 1.001 0.093 0.997 0.993 1.001 0.093 Respiratory rate 1.009 0.998 1.021 0.122 1.009 0.998 1.021 0.122 Temperature 0.874 0.810 0.943 0.000 *** 0.872 0.809 0.941 0.000 *** Potassium 0.975 0.908 1.048 0.434 0.972 0.905 1.044 0.434 Hemoglobin 0.958 0.892 1.029 0.195 0.954 0.889 1.024 0.195 Platelet 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.017 * 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.017 * WBC 1.014 1.010 1.018 0.000 *** 1.014 1.010 1.018 0.000 *** RBC 1.108 0.903 1.360 0.262 1.123 0.917 1.376 0.262 ALT 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.761 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.761 Bilirubin, Total 1.049 1.029 1.069 0.000 *** 1.053 1.034 1.072 0.000 *** INR 0.998 0.960 1.037 0.844 0.996 0.958 1.036 0.844 Urine output 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.046 * 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.046 * Scr 1.197 1.125 1.273 0.000 *** 1.203 1.131 1.280 0.000 *** Peripheral vascular disease 0.991 0.818 1.202 0.905 0.988 0.816 1.197 0.905 Cerebrovascular disease 1.605 1.337 1.928 0.000 *** 1.599 1.331 1.919 0.000 *** Hypertension 0.857 0.702 1.045 0.111 0.853 0.701 1.038 0.111 Diabetes mellitus 0.823 0.706 0.959 0.011 * 0.820 0.705 0.955 0.011 * LODS score 1.250 1.226 1.274 0.000 *** 1.249 1.226 1.273 0.000 *** Discussion Patients admitted to the ICU with HF and elevated serum ALP were at greater risk of ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality than patients with lower ALP according to both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and regardless of whether ALP was analyzed as a continuous or categorized (ALP > 140 vs. ALP ≤ 140 IU/L) variable. Despite advances in treatment, progression to HF is still common among cardiovascular disease patients and prognosis in this state is relatively poor. In the current study, in-hospital mortality rate was 17.22%, comparable to previous reports ranging from 10.6% to 17.3% [ 4 , 6 ]. Additionally, the incidence of elevated serum ALP in the current study (20.14%) was similar to that reported in the CHARM study (14%) and post hoc analysis of the SURVIVE study (21%) [ 13 , 20 ]. Therefore, the study cohort appears representative of the adult HF population, underscoring the potential clinical significance of elevated serum ALP for severe HF outcome. Interestingly, patients with elevated ALP tended to be younger yet exhibited more pronounced hemodynamic instability and organ dysfunction. This pattern likely reflects a selection bias toward younger patients presenting with severe, multiorgan decompensation rather than a true inverse association between age and ALP. Several studies have also found an association between elevated ALP and poor HF prognosis. In the SURVIVE trial, among patients with acute decompensated HF, higher ALP was associated with signs of congestion, elevated right-sided filling pressure, and increased 180-day mortality [ 13 ]. In the CARE study as well, higher ALP was associated with a progressive increase in the frequency of symptomatic HF [ 14 ]. A direct correlation has also been reported between serum ALP activity and HF symptom severity. Notably, Poelzl et al. [ 15 ] found that cholestatic enzymes like ALP (but not aminotransferases) were associated with severity in a large (n = 1,032) cohort of patients with stable HF. In addition to ALP, elevated bilirubin was an independent predictor of greater mortality among patients with HF and requiring ICU admission. A post hoc analysis of the EVEREST trial similarly revealed an association between elevated bilirubin levels and higher total mortality among patients hospitalized with HF and exhibiting reduced ejection fraction [ 21 ]. In the ASCEND-HF study also, elevated bilirubin level was independently associated with greater 30-day and 180-day mortality for patients hospitalized with acute HF but without hemodynamic shock [ 22 ]. However, we found that ALT was not associated with mortality rate, in accord with several previous studies [ 15 , 22 , 23 ] and suggesting that these markers are differentially sensitive to liver dysfunction. Biological plausibility Hepatic damage associated with HF can manifest as acute cardiogenic liver injury (ACLI) or chronic passive congestive hepatopathy (CH) [ 12 ]. ACLI occurs in patients with HF who have progressed to critical cardiogenic shock, where cardiac output becomes insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of liver cells [ 24 ]. Alternatively, chronic passive CH involves the transmission of elevated right-side filling pressure to the hepatic venous system, resulting in congestion and related biochemical and histological changes [ 25 ]. In addition to distinct pathogenic mechanisms, the biochemical profiles of ACLI and chronic passive CH also differ. Typically, ACLI is associated with a rapid elevation in aminotransferase levels, often 10–20 times above normal, within 1–3 days following a hemodynamic insult, with return to normal 7–10 days after hemodynamic stabilization. In contrast, chronic passive CH is more often associated with cholestatic liver function abnormalities, including elevated levels of ALP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, and hypoalbuminemia [ 26 ]. The liver is a highly vascular organ, receiving 25% of the total cardiac output via a dual blood supply. The hepatic artery provides about 25% of hepatic blood flow while the remaining 75% comes from the portal vein. The liver also possesses vascular defense mechanisms conferring high resilience to ischemic injury [ 27 ]. One such mechanism is the hepatic artery buffer response, which compensates for up to a 60% reduction in portal flow. Additionally, the hepatic sinusoids allow for nearly 90% oxygen extraction, so oxygen availability can remain sufficient despite reduced blood flow. Therefore, livers exposed to ACLI alone without exposed to CH generally exhibit a greater capacity for recovery and tolerance to injury [ 28 ]. However, the liver lacks protective mechanisms against passive congestion because there is no valve in the hepatic veins and the portal vein does not have the capacity to autoregulate flow [ 29 ]. Thus, some studies have suggested that pre-existing hepatic congestion increases the risk of ACLI [ 24 , 30 ], with HF being the leading cause (39%–78% of cases), followed by septic shock (15%–30%), and respiratory failure (15%) [ 30 ]. Some large studies have also suggested that ACLI results from acute liver perfusion impairment concomitant with pre-existing hepatic congestion [ 3 , 31 , 32 ]. Therefore, patients whose primary condition is congestive CH tend to be more vulnerable and have a poorer prognosis than those with ACLI [ 33 ]. Our study found that ALP and T-Bil were the key biomarkers associated with higher mortality, which may indicate that the patient’s predominant hepatic abnormality was CH rather than ALT elevation or prolonged prothrombin time, which primarily reflect hepatocellular injury or impaired hepatic synthetic function typical of ACLI. This distinction helps explain the association between elevated ALP and T-Bil levels and higher mortality among HF patients admitted to the ICU. A recent study from the TOPCAT trial by Liang et al. [ 23 ] found that cholestatic liver function markers (ALP and bilirubin) were independent predictors of mortality in a cohort of well-defined patients with HF but preserved ejection fraction. Alternatively, they found no significant relationship with ALP, suggesting that the prognostic significance of ALP may be specific to more severe HF. Clinical relevance This is the first study to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum ALP in a large cohort of critically ill HF patients requiring ICU admission, whereas previous trials, such as CHARM, SURVIVE, and ASCEND-HF, primarily enrolled patients treated in general wards or those with less severe diseases. By analyzing three distinct mortality endpoints, namely, ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality, we were able to comprehensively assess both short- and long-term prognostic implications. The relatively large sample size of our study further enhanced statistical robustness and representativeness of our findings for this critically ill population. Limitations This study had several limitations. First, the database does not include objective evidence for HF etiology and severity, such as echocardiographic assessment of systolic function or the degree of tricuspid regurgitation. Additionally, the database does not contain complete information on treatment methods, such as medication. We were unable to obtain accurate data on overall cardiovascular mortality. There was also no data on other liver function tests, such as serum GGT and albumin levels. In addition, liver indices, such as bilirubin, may play complex roles in the pathway between HF and mortality. Therefore, the inclusion of bilirubin into the multivariable model may have introduced partial overadjustment. This limitation has been acknowledged to ensure transparency and highlight an important direction for future research. Residual confounding from unmeasured conditions affecting ALP, such as bone disease, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D/phosphate imbalance, malignancy, and metastases, could not be completely excluded given that these variables were not included in this study. Moreover, ALP values were measured at a single timepoint upon ICU admission, precluding the evaluation of dynamic changes. Finally, the absence of imaging data, such as abdominal ultrasound, to rule out biliary obstruction represents a major limitation of the present study. Conclusion Elevated serum ALP concentration was significantly associated with greater mortality among HF patients requiring ICU treatment. These findings suggest that ALP may serve as a potential biomarker of adverse outcomes in this population. Further studies, particularly prospective cohort studies, external validation of independent datasets, and mechanistic investigations, are essential for elucidating the precise mechanisms underlying serum ALP elevation in HF and its associations with outcomes among other HF patient subgroups. Such efforts could ultimately enhance prognostic accuracy and optimize treatment strategies. Abbreviations ACLI acute cardiogenic liver injury ALP alkaline phosphatase ALT alanine aminotransferase CH congestive hepatopathy GCS Glasgow Coma Scale GGT gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase HF Heart failure ICD-9 International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision ICU intensive care unit INR international normalized ratio IRB Institutional Review Board LODS Logistic Organ Dysfunction System MIMIC-IV Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV SCr Serum creatinine SD standard deviation SHRs subdistribution hazard ratios WBC white blood cell Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The database was approved for research use by the BIDMC Institutional Review Board, and all patient data were fully deidentified [ 17 ]. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of MacKay Memorial Hospital (IRB no. 24MMHIS460e). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication Not applicable Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Model Adjusted by Sex (Female), Age, BMI, Heart Rate, MBP, Respiratory rate, Temperature, Potassium, Hemoglobin, Platelet, WBC, RBC, Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution This work was written by Kuang-Te Wang and Chuan-Lei Chao who contributed equally to this work. Data were collected and analyzed by Min-I Su, Chun-Han Cheng, and Wei-Ru Chiou. Shaw-Ji Chen revised and approved the final version of this manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Acknowledgement Special thanks to Lang-Yin Zeng for her efforts on this article. Data Availability The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article and its supplementary information files. References Chang PP, Wruck LM, Shahar E, et al. 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Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J. 2005;149(2):209–16. Lai JI, Lin HY, Lai YC, Lin PC, Chang SC, Tang GJ. Readmission to the intensive care unit: a population-based approach. J Formos Med Assoc. 2012;111(9):504–9. Millan JL. Alkaline Phosphatases: Structure, substrate specificity and functional relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes. Purinergic Signal. 2006;2(2):335–41. Ndrepepa G. Alkaline phosphatase and cardiovascular disease. J Lab Precision Med. 2017;2:83. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(11):1174–80. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(16):1685–95. Samsky MD, Patel CB, DeWald TA, et al. Cardiohepatic interactions in heart failure: an overview and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(24):2397–405. Nikolaou M, Parissis J, Yilmaz MB, et al. Liver function abnormalities, clinical profile, and outcome in acute decompensated heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(10):742–9. Tonelli M, Curhan G, Pfeffer M, et al. Relation between alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphate, and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Circulation. 2009;120(18):1784–92. Poelzl G, Ess M, Mussner-Seeber C, Pachinger O, Frick M, Ulmer H. Liver dysfunction in chronic heart failure: prevalence, characteristics and prognostic significance. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;42(2):153–63. Goldberger AL, Amaral LA, Glass L, et al. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation. 2000;101(23):E215–220. Johnson A, Bulgarelli L, Pollard T, Horng S, Celi LA, Mark R. MIMIC-IV (Version: 2.2). PhysioNet 2023, RRID:SCR_007345. Sharma U, Pal D, Prasad R. Alkaline phosphatase: an overview. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2014;29(3):269–78. Hu W, Yuan L, Wang X, et al. Predictive Value of Arterial Blood Lactic Acid Concentration on the Risk of in-Hospital All-Cause Death in Patients with Acute Heart Failure. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:7644535. Allen LA, Felker GM, Pocock S, et al. Liver function abnormalities and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) program. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(2):170–7. Ambrosy AP, Vaduganathan M, Huffman MD, et al. Clinical course and predictive value of liver function tests in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the EVEREST trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14(3):302–11. Samsky MD, Dunning A, DeVore AD, et al. Liver function tests in patients with acute heart failure and associated outcomes: insights from ASCEND-HF. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(4):424–32. Liang W, He X, Wu D, et al. Prognostic Implication of Liver Function Tests in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Without Chronic Hepatic Diseases: Insight From TOPCAT Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:618816. Henrion J. Hypoxic hepatitis. Liver Int. 2012;32(7):1039–52. Fortea JI, Puente A, Cuadrado A et al. Congestive Hepatopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020, 21(24). Lau GT, Tan HC, Kritharides L. Type of liver dysfunction in heart failure and its relation to the severity of tricuspid regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(12):1405–9. Ford RM, Book W, Spivey JR. Liver disease related to the heart. Transpl Rev (Orlando). 2015;29(1):33–7. Ito Y, Hosono K, Amano H. Responses of hepatic sinusoidal cells to liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023;11:1171317. Moller S, Bernardi M. Interactions of the heart and the liver. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(36):2804–11. Waseem N, Chen PH. Hypoxic Hepatitis: A Review and Clinical Update. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(3):263–8. Henrion J, Schapira M, Luwaert R, Colin L, Delannoy A, Heller FR. Hypoxic hepatitis: clinical and hemodynamic study in 142 consecutive cases. Med (Baltim). 2003;82(6):392–406. Raurich JM, Llompart-Pou JA, Ferreruela M, et al. Hypoxic hepatitis in critically ill patients: incidence, etiology and risk factors for mortality. J Anesth. 2011;25(1):50–6. Konstam MA, Kiernan MS, Bernstein D, et al. Evaluation and Management of Right-Sided Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(20):e578–622. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9029004","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":610065962,"identity":"7472ea58-1e5e-4e0a-aec1-03d4164ac3ab","order_by":0,"name":"Kuang-Te Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kuang-Te","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":610065963,"identity":"43c3ae35-504d-4370-924e-b035245d813e","order_by":1,"name":"Min-I Su","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Min-I","middleName":"","lastName":"Su","suffix":""},{"id":610065964,"identity":"d75a1574-b2a6-411c-bbfd-180549f33619","order_by":2,"name":"Chun-Han Cheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"MacKay Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chun-Han","middleName":"","lastName":"Cheng","suffix":""},{"id":610065965,"identity":"3e41e70d-7298-4320-97e2-efb3a51f42fa","order_by":3,"name":"Shaw-Ji Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"MacKay Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaw-Ji","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":610065966,"identity":"d73dcdb8-aca4-40fa-a5c9-f8efcb2e75d5","order_by":4,"name":"Wei-Ru Chiou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei-Ru","middleName":"","lastName":"Chiou","suffix":""},{"id":610065967,"identity":"3965515f-706c-4f4e-98f6-852e4052896c","order_by":5,"name":"Chuan-Lei Chao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBIMDIJKBgRlES8gQqSUBpIUtAaSFhygtDBAtPAYgLmEt/O3JGw/8/GGXx9/e8/nVjRoLHgb2w0c34NMiceZZwcGehORiiTNnt1nnHAM6jCct7QZea27kGBxmSDiQ2HAjd5txDhtQiwSPGV4t8jAt82/kPDPO+UeEFgOYlg03cpgf57YRocUQ7Je05MSNZ46ZMef2SfCwEfKL3PHkzR9+2Nglzjve/Phzzrc6OX72w8fwex8JsEmASWKVgwDzB1JUj4JRMApGwcgBAAEHUAu+ILXdAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuan-Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"Chao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-04 10:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029004/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029004/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105320675,"identity":"5d788ce8-a36f-4687-8e2f-ea4bfe214ded","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-24 17:17:43","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":112404,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlow chart for participant inclusion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig.1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9029004/v1/89ce9a4ca09f14d711f176db.png"},{"id":105320676,"identity":"82f33a48-0dfd-4fa6-b8a5-6e2dfa22b757","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-24 17:17:43","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":237548,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan–Meier curves comparing (a) intensive care unit mortality, (b) in-hospital mortality, and (c) total mortality between patients with serum alkaline phosphatase levels of \u0026gt;140 or ≤140 IU/L\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig.2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9029004/v1/d92000f784b28a66b2a1e15b.png"},{"id":106612408,"identity":"1e5e9ab3-9216-4629-b65e-15a7dd8d9b57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-10 12:28:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1947741,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9029004/v1/ec32860c-191e-4896-9897-f6bf82a21b33.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as an Independent Predictor of Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A MIMIC-IV Database Analysis","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eHeart failure (HF) is the end-stage of the cardiac disease spectrum and the greatest contributor to cardiovascular disease-associated mortality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and evidence-based treatments, the prognosis for HF patients continues to be poor [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], and HF remains a major global public health challenge. Although most patients with HF can be managed in general wards, a substantial proportion of the patients, particularly those with severe decompensation or hemodynamic instability, require advanced life-support therapies available only in intensive care units (ICUs). Estimates show that 10%\u0026ndash;51% of HF hospitalizations in the United States involve ICU admission [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, a report based on data from the Romanian Acute Heart Failure Syndromes registry revealed that approximately 10.7% of HF patients require ICU care, and that ICU admission was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death compared to HF patients not requiring ICU admittance (17.3% vs. 6.5%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients admitted to the ICU are also at substantially higher risk of mortality during hospital stay compared to patients treated in regular wards [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. One such study found that 10.6% of ICU-treated HF patients died in hospital, compared to only 4.0% of all HF patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. This disparity underscores the critical need for precise prognosis predictions and intensive, closely monitored treatment for those admitted to the ICU.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdmission to the ICU results in a disproportionately greater expenditure of medical resources and staff time as the staff to patient ratio is substantially higher. Moreover, a Taiwan national database indicates that of 192,201 patients admitted to the ICU, a total of 25,263 (13.14%) required readmission and HF was identified as a significant risk factor for readmission (HR 3.365 [95% confidence intervals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] 3.047\u0026ndash;3.717], p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.001) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, identifying factors and biomarkers associated with adverse outcomes among HF patients requiring ICU care is imperative for enabling timely intervention and optimizing critical care management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in many tissues throughout the body, but with highest concentrations in liver, bile ducts, bones, kidneys, and intestines, where it removes phosphate groups from molecules as a critical step in many metabolic pathways [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Indeed, ALP is required for a variety of biological processes, including the breakdown of proteins, the transport of nutrients, and bone mineralization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecent studies have reported that serum ALP is elevated among patients with cardiovascular disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], possibly as a result of vascular calcification [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], inflammation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], and (or) hepatic congestion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The SURVIVE trial found that 46% of patients with acute HF requiring inotropic support had abnormal liver function, with 11% showing elevated serum ALP. This increased ALP level was linked to higher mortality risk within 180 days [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, higher ALP activity was associated with an increased frequency of symptomatic HF (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.38) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Poelzl et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] also found that cholestatic enzymes like ALP were linked to HF severity in a cohort of 1,032 patients, suggesting that ALP may serve as a prognostic biomarker.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiven that ~\u0026thinsp;10% of patients hospitalized for acute HF require intensive care and that these patients face a higher mortality rate, serum ALP may be a valuable prognostic factor. However, while previous studies have established the prognostic value of ALP for the general HF patient population, no study has specifically examining the association between ALP levels and outcomes among critically ill HF patients admitted to the ICU. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of elevated serum ALP with mortality among HF patients requiring ICU admittance using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. We report that elevated serum ALP is a significant independent predictor of HR-associated mortality among patients requiring ICU admittance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData source\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis cohort study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV version 2.2, a publicly available real-world clinical database maintained by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. It includes records on over 200,000 emergency department admissions and more than 60,000 ICU stays. One of the current study authors (MS) completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative examination (certification number: 42188048) and gained access to the database for data extraction. The code for extracting the data is available on GitHub (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-iv\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-iv\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). In this study, cases from 2008 to 2019 were included in the analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the data-use agreement of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV, version 2.2) database maintained by BIDMC. The database was approved for research use by the BIDMC Institutional Review Board, and all patient data were fully deidentified [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of MacKay Memorial Hospital (IRB no. 24MMHIS460e). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy population\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly data from HF patients older than 18 years admitted to the ICU were included. The diagnosis of HF was determined using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision (ICD-9) or tenth Revision (ICD-10), and the following codes were considered: 428.0, 428.1, 428.20\u0026ndash;428.23, 428.30\u0026ndash;428.33, I500, I501, I502, I503, I504, I508, I110, I130, and I132. In case of multiple ICU admissions for the same patient, only data from the first ICU stay were analyzed. Patients who were discharged or died within 24 h after ICU admission or those who lacked any essential data were excluded (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Essential variables collected during the first measurement within the initial 24 h after ICU admission included demographic information (age, sex, and BMI), vital signs, and key laboratory parameters, such as serum ALP, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), creatinine, and complete blood count.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDefinitions and outcomes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Sharma et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], 20\u0026ndash;140 IU/L is the normal physiological range of ALP in serum, so we considered ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L as elevated [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. The primary outcomes were HF-associated ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and total mortality. Total mortality data were obtained from the state death records. Mortality data were obtained from state death records linked to the MIMIC-IV database. This linkage, which integrates hospital discharge data from BIDMC with official state death registries, was established approximately 2 years after the last patient discharge to minimize reporting delays. As part of the database deidentification protocol, any death occurring over 1 year after the final hospital discharge was censored; hence, the maximum follow-up duration for ascertaining mortality was 1 year after discharge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCovariates\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovariates for analysis were chosen based on related studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition to extracting major clinical and demographic parameters from the database (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), we calculated various health status scores within the first 24 h of ICU admission and extracted vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, SpO2, urine output, and blood test results (including blood cells and biochemistry data) in the first 24 h after ICU admission.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean (SD) / n(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4569)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALP Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3649)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;920)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2646(57.91)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2133(58.45)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e513(55.76)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1923(42.09)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1516(41.55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e407(44.24)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.97(14.06)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.22(14.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.95(13.93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.71(8.47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.88(8.55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.06(8.12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart rate (bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.14(21.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.76(21.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.63(22.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMBP (mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.64(19.34)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.05(19.27)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.01(19.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespiratory rate (insp/min)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.08(6.33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.96(6.26)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.55(6.57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.71(0.81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.72(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.67(0.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotassium (mEq/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.48(0.96)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.47(0.95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.54(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin (gm/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.79(2.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.89(2.55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.39(2.32)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatelet (\u0026times;10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220.11(112.39)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e217.18(106.12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231.75(133.82)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWBC (\u0026times;10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.82(9.21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.57(8.77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.82(10.72)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRBC (\u0026times;10⁶/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67(0.86)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7(0.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56(0.83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALT (IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111.27(453.17)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.24(446.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182.81(472.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBilirubin, Total (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23(2.34)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98(1.68)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2(3.84)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eINR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8(1.52)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75(1.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(1.55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrine output (mL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225.36(242.14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230.45(249.36)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e205.17(209.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScr (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2(0.94)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19(0.96)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.22(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.391\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeripheral vascular disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e747(16.35)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e596(16.33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151(16.41)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.960\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebrovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e590(12.91)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e486(13.32)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104(11.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3735(81.75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2991(81.97)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e744(80.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.445\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1988(43.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1564(42.86)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e424(46.09)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLODS score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.31(3.43)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.21(3.39)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.69(3.55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowed up (Day)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e344.32(629.53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357.47(645.54)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292.16(558.81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength of ICU stay (Day)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.34(5.92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.32(5.97)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4(5.72)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.746\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength of hospital stay (Day)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.18(12.12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.98(11.93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.98(12.82)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU mortality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e523(11.45)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e379(10.39)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144(15.65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn-hospital mortality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e787(17.22)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e579(15.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208(22.61)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal mortality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2439(53.38)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1861(51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e578(62.83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuous variables are expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD), while categorical variables are presented as the number and percentage (%). Categorical variables were compared between groups using the chi-square test or Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test, whereas continuous variables were compared by Student\u0026rsquo;s t-test.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe associations between serum ALP and study endpoints were quantified using both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Associations with ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and total mortality are expressed by HRs with 95% CIs. Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier survival analyses were also conducted to calculate the endpoint incidence rates for subgroups defined by ALP levels\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L vs. \u0026le;140 IU/L, and these values were then compared by log-rank test. To test the robustness of the exposure definition, sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative cutoff thresholds for serum ALP (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;120 IU/L, \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L, and \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160 IU/L) as well as through modeling ALP as a continuous variable per 1 SD increase and as a log-transformed variable [log(ALP)] to account for distributional skewness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo account for the competing risk of discharge alive when analyzing in-hospital mortality, a Fine\u0026ndash;Gray subdistribution hazard model was also created. This model treated discharge alive as a competing event for in-hospital death, whereas deaths during hospitalization were considered the primary event. Both continuous and categorical forms of serum ALP were evaluated, and the results were expressed as subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) with 95% CIs. All analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3) and SPSS (20). A threshold p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (two-sided) was considered statistically significant for all tests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eBaseline characteristics of the patient cohort\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong the 73,181 ICU admissions within the study period, 4,569 adult HF patients were identified meeting inclusion criteria and without exclusion criteria (e.g., death within 24 h). The mean follow-up period was 344.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;629.53 days, the average length of ICU stay was 5.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.92 days, and the mean total hospital stay was 13.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.12 days. Females accounted for 42.09% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1923) of the cohort included in the analysis. Mean age of the study population was 71.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.06 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was 29.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.47 kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Average serum ALP was 118.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;112.46 IU/L and was over 140 IU/L (elevated) in 20.14% of cases. Liver function indicators were as follows: 111.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;453.17 IU/L alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.34 mg/dL total bilirubin, and 1.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.52 INR. The average serum creatinine level was 1.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.94 mg/dL. Disease underlying HF in this cohort included peripheral vascular disease (16.35%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;747), cerebrovascular disease (12.91%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;590), chronic pulmonary disease (35.48%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,621), hypertension (81.75%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3,735), and diabetes mellitus (43.51%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1988). The Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) score was 6.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.43 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Individuals in the high ALP group were younger, exhibited higher heart and respiratory rates, lower BMI, blood pressure, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count, and higher serum potassium, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, INR, and serum creatinine. Additionally, the high ALP group also presented with elevated LODS score and lower GCS and urine output. The levels of ALP, whether high or low, did not appear to be significantly associated with comorbidities (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eClinical characteristics and outcomes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eICU mortality rate during the study period was 11.45% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;523), in-hospital mortality was 17.22% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;787), and total mortality was 53.38% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2,439) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier curves (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) revealed that individuals with elevated serum ALP were at increased risk for all three mortality categories (all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCox univariate analysis indicated that both continuous and categorical (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140) ALP variables were significantly related to ICU mortality (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ea), in-hospital mortality (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eb), and total mortality (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ec). In addition, age, mean BP, temperature, WBC count, platelet count, total bilirubin, INR, 24-h urine output, SCr, GCS score, and LODS score were significant predictors of mortality (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Further multivariate analysis identified ALP as an independent predictor of ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality. When ALP was treated as a continuous variable with, each 100-IU/L increase in ALP was associated with adjusted HR values of 1.076 (95% CI 1.016‒1.138, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012) for ICU mortality, 1.078 (95% CI 1.029‒1.130, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002) for in-hospital mortality, and 1.080 (95% CI 1.052‒1.110, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) for total mortality. However, using ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 as a grouping variable, HR values were 1.293 (95% CI 1.060‒1.576, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011) for ICU mortality, 1.258 (95% CI 1.069‒1.481, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006) for in-hospital mortality, and 1.318 (95% CI 1.196‒1.451, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) for total mortality. In addition, older age was independently associated with both ICU and in-hospital mortality. Among liver function markers, only total bilirubin (but not ALT or INR) was independently associated with all three mortality endpoints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables associated with study outcomes based on the Cox regression model\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003ea\u003c/sub\u003eHR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003ea\u003c/sub\u003eHR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eICU mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.844\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.576\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex (Female)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.848\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.922\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.964\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.975\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.981\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.589\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.601\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart Rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMBP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.983\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespiratory rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTemperature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.847\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.778\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.922\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.847\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.778\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.921\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePotassium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.255\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.986\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.982\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.694\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.926\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.945\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.869\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.941\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlatelet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.887\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.945\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.525\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.216\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.543\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.569\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBilirubin, Total\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.068\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eINR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.951\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.858\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.949\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.041\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrine output\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.299\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.320\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeripheral vascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.814\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.829\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.851\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCerebrovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.433\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.798\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.481\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.476\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.865\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.812\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.807\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.642\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.894\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.695\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.690\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLODS score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.283\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.345\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn-hospital mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.071\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.692\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.481\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex (Female)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.261\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.045\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.987\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.978\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.320\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.327\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart Rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMBP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.990\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.986\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespiratory rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTemperature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.765\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.942\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.809\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePotassium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.975\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.498\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.972\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.921\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.974\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.894\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.891\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlatelet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.845\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.779\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.917\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.908\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.353\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.312\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.921\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.754\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBilirubin, Total\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.051\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eINR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.081\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.961\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.912\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.959\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrine output\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeripheral vascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.901\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.301\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.399\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.821\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.904\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCerebrovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.789\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.330\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.938\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.324\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.930\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.902\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.705\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.856\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.987\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.823\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.709\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.953\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLODS score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.249\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.512\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.196\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.451\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex (Female)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.990\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.808\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.777\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.081\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.893\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.978\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.973\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.983\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.986\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.986\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart Rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMBP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespiratory rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTemperature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.802\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.887\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.845\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.883\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.926\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePotassium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.922\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.897\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.970\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.896\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.968\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlatelet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.795\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.849\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBilirubin, Total\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eINR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.973\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.972\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.565\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrine output\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.071\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeripheral vascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.271\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.299\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCerebrovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.272\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.426\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.310\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.310\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.870\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.978\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.763\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.963\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.979\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.904\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.061\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.607\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.651\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.705\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLODS score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModel:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAdjusted by\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eSex (Female), Age, BMI, Heart Rate, MBP, Respiratory rate, Temperature, Potassium, Hemoglobin, Platelet, WBC, RBC,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eALT, Bilirubin, Total, INR, Urine output, Scr, Peripheral vascular disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, and LODS score.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSensitivity analyses using alternative ALP thresholds (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;120 and \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160 IU/L) per 1 SD increase and log-transformed models yielded results consistent with our primary findings, confirming that the prognostic effects of ALP were consistent across different exposure definitions (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCox regression model for sensitivity analyses (for exposure definition)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003ea\u003c/sub\u003eHR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eICU mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;120 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;120)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.588\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;160)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.430\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (standardized by Z-score, as a continuous variable, as a continuous variable)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.255\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.448\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (log-transformed, as a continuous variable)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn-hospital mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;120 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;120)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.292\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.504\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;160)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.622\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (standardized by Z-score, as a continuous variable, as a continuous variable)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.271\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.427\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (log-transformed, as a continuous variable)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;120 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;120)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.280\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;160)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.347\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.211\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.498\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (standardized by Z-score, as a continuous variable, as a continuous variable)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.296\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (log-transformed, as a continuous variable)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo further evaluate the potential effects of competing events, Fine\u0026ndash;Gray subdistribution hazard analysis was conducted using discharge alive as a competing risk for in-hospital death. Notably, the results were consistent with the primary Cox regression models. Each 100-IU/L increase in ALP was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (SHR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.078, 95% CI 1.017\u0026ndash;1.142, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005). Moreover, patients with ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L had greater in-hospital mortality than those with ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L (SHR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.258, 95% CI 1.071\u0026ndash;1.478, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005). These findings confirm that the association between elevated ALP and in-hospital mortality remained robust even after accounting for the competing risk of discharge alive (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFine\u0026ndash;Gray subdistribution hazard analysis results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSHR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSHR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn-hospital mortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP (as a continuous variable, per 100 IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALP Group (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.071\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.478\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex (Female)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.041\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.051\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.352\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.352\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMBP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespiratory rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTemperature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.810\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.809\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.941\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePotassium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.975\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.908\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.048\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.972\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.892\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.195\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.889\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.195\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlatelet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.917\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.761\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.761\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBilirubin, Total\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eINR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.960\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.844\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.844\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrine output\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.280\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeripheral vascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCerebrovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.337\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.928\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.045\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.701\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.823\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.959\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.705\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.955\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLODS score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.249\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePatients admitted to the ICU with HF and elevated serum ALP were at greater risk of ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality than patients with lower ALP according to both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and regardless of whether ALP was analyzed as a continuous or categorized (ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs. ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L) variable. Despite advances in treatment, progression to HF is still common among cardiovascular disease patients and prognosis in this state is relatively poor. In the current study, in-hospital mortality rate was 17.22%, comparable to previous reports ranging from 10.6% to 17.3% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, the incidence of elevated serum ALP in the current study (20.14%) was similar to that reported in the CHARM study (14%) and post hoc analysis of the SURVIVE study (21%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, the study cohort appears representative of the adult HF population, underscoring the potential clinical significance of elevated serum ALP for severe HF outcome. Interestingly, patients with elevated ALP tended to be younger yet exhibited more pronounced hemodynamic instability and organ dysfunction. This pattern likely reflects a selection bias toward younger patients presenting with severe, multiorgan decompensation rather than a true inverse association between age and ALP.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral studies have also found an association between elevated ALP and poor HF prognosis. In the SURVIVE trial, among patients with acute decompensated HF, higher ALP was associated with signs of congestion, elevated right-sided filling pressure, and increased 180-day mortality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. In the CARE study as well, higher ALP was associated with a progressive increase in the frequency of symptomatic HF [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. A direct correlation has also been reported between serum ALP activity and HF symptom severity. Notably, Poelzl et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] found that cholestatic enzymes like ALP (but not aminotransferases) were associated with severity in a large (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,032) cohort of patients with stable HF.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to ALP, elevated bilirubin was an independent predictor of greater mortality among patients with HF and requiring ICU admission. A post hoc analysis of the EVEREST trial similarly revealed an association between elevated bilirubin levels and higher total mortality among patients hospitalized with HF and exhibiting reduced ejection fraction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. In the ASCEND-HF study also, elevated bilirubin level was independently associated with greater 30-day and 180-day mortality for patients hospitalized with acute HF but without hemodynamic shock [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. However, we found that ALT was not associated with mortality rate, in accord with several previous studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] and suggesting that these markers are differentially sensitive to liver dysfunction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological plausibility\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatic damage associated with HF can manifest as acute cardiogenic liver injury (ACLI) or chronic passive congestive hepatopathy (CH) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. ACLI occurs in patients with HF who have progressed to critical cardiogenic shock, where cardiac output becomes insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of liver cells [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Alternatively, chronic passive CH involves the transmission of elevated right-side filling pressure to the hepatic venous system, resulting in congestion and related biochemical and histological changes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to distinct pathogenic mechanisms, the biochemical profiles of ACLI and chronic passive CH also differ. Typically, ACLI is associated with a rapid elevation in aminotransferase levels, often 10\u0026ndash;20 times above normal, within 1\u0026ndash;3 days following a hemodynamic insult, with return to normal 7\u0026ndash;10 days after hemodynamic stabilization. In contrast, chronic passive CH is more often associated with cholestatic liver function abnormalities, including elevated levels of ALP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, and hypoalbuminemia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe liver is a highly vascular organ, receiving 25% of the total cardiac output via a dual blood supply. The hepatic artery provides about 25% of hepatic blood flow while the remaining 75% comes from the portal vein. The liver also possesses vascular defense mechanisms conferring high resilience to ischemic injury [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. One such mechanism is the hepatic artery buffer response, which compensates for up to a 60% reduction in portal flow. Additionally, the hepatic sinusoids allow for nearly 90% oxygen extraction, so oxygen availability can remain sufficient despite reduced blood flow. Therefore, livers exposed to ACLI alone without exposed to CH generally exhibit a greater capacity for recovery and tolerance to injury [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the liver lacks protective mechanisms against passive congestion because there is no valve in the hepatic veins and the portal vein does not have the capacity to autoregulate flow [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, some studies have suggested that pre-existing hepatic congestion increases the risk of ACLI [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e], with HF being the leading cause (39%\u0026ndash;78% of cases), followed by septic shock (15%\u0026ndash;30%), and respiratory failure (15%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Some large studies have also suggested that ACLI results from acute liver perfusion impairment concomitant with pre-existing hepatic congestion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, patients whose primary condition is congestive CH tend to be more vulnerable and have a poorer prognosis than those with ACLI [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Our study found that ALP and T-Bil were the key biomarkers associated with higher mortality, which may indicate that the patient\u0026rsquo;s predominant hepatic abnormality was CH rather than ALT elevation or prolonged prothrombin time, which primarily reflect hepatocellular injury or impaired hepatic synthetic function typical of ACLI. This distinction helps explain the association between elevated ALP and T-Bil levels and higher mortality among HF patients admitted to the ICU. A recent study from the TOPCAT trial by Liang et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] found that cholestatic liver function markers (ALP and bilirubin) were independent predictors of mortality in a cohort of well-defined patients with HF but preserved ejection fraction. Alternatively, they found no significant relationship with ALP, suggesting that the prognostic significance of ALP may be specific to more severe HF.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eClinical relevance\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is the first study to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum ALP in a large cohort of critically ill HF patients requiring ICU admission, whereas previous trials, such as CHARM, SURVIVE, and ASCEND-HF, primarily enrolled patients treated in general wards or those with less severe diseases. By analyzing three distinct mortality endpoints, namely, ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality, we were able to comprehensively assess both short- and long-term prognostic implications. The relatively large sample size of our study further enhanced statistical robustness and representativeness of our findings for this critically ill population.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study had several limitations. First, the database does not include objective evidence for HF etiology and severity, such as echocardiographic assessment of systolic function or the degree of tricuspid regurgitation. Additionally, the database does not contain complete information on treatment methods, such as medication. We were unable to obtain accurate data on overall cardiovascular mortality. There was also no data on other liver function tests, such as serum GGT and albumin levels. In addition, liver indices, such as bilirubin, may play complex roles in the pathway between HF and mortality. Therefore, the inclusion of bilirubin into the multivariable model may have introduced partial overadjustment. This limitation has been acknowledged to ensure transparency and highlight an important direction for future research. Residual confounding from unmeasured conditions affecting ALP, such as bone disease, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D/phosphate imbalance, malignancy, and metastases, could not be completely excluded given that these variables were not included in this study. Moreover, ALP values were measured at a single timepoint upon ICU admission, precluding the evaluation of dynamic changes. Finally, the absence of imaging data, such as abdominal ultrasound, to rule out biliary obstruction represents a major limitation of the present study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eElevated serum ALP concentration was significantly associated with greater mortality among HF patients requiring ICU treatment. These findings suggest that ALP may serve as a potential biomarker of adverse outcomes in this population. Further studies, particularly prospective cohort studies, external validation of independent datasets, and mechanistic investigations, are essential for elucidating the precise mechanisms underlying serum ALP elevation in HF and its associations with outcomes among other HF patient subgroups. Such efforts could ultimately enhance prognostic accuracy and optimize treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eACLI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eacute cardiogenic liver injury\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eALP\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ealkaline phosphatase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eALT\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ealanine aminotransferase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCH\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003econgestive hepatopathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGCS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlasgow Coma Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGGT\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egamma-glutamyl transpeptidase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eHF\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart failure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eICD-9\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eICU\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eintensive care unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eINR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003einternational normalized ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIRB\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstitutional Review Board\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLODS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic Organ Dysfunction System\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eMIMIC-IV\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSCr\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerum creatinine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSD\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003estandard deviation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSHRs\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esubdistribution hazard ratios\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWBC\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhite blood cell\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe database was approved for research use by the BIDMC Institutional Review Board, and all patient data were fully deidentified [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of MacKay Memorial Hospital (IRB no. 24MMHIS460e). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eModel\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjusted by Sex (Female), Age, BMI, Heart Rate, MBP, Respiratory rate, Temperature, Potassium, Hemoglobin, Platelet, WBC, RBC,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis work was written by Kuang-Te Wang and Chuan-Lei Chao who contributed equally to this work. Data were collected and analyzed by Min-I Su, Chun-Han Cheng, and Wei-Ru Chiou. Shaw-Ji Chen revised and approved the final version of this manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpecial thanks to Lang-Yin Zeng for her efforts on this article.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article and its supplementary information files.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChang PP, Wruck LM, Shahar E, et al. Trends in Hospitalizations and Survival of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Four US Communities (2005\u0026ndash;2014): ARIC Study Community Surveillance. Circulation. 2018;138(1):12\u0026ndash;24.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599\u0026ndash;726.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSafavi KC, Dharmarajan K, Kim N, et al. Variation exists in rates of admission to intensive care units for heart failure patients across hospitals in the United States. Circulation. 2013;127(8):923\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChioncel O, Ambrosy AP, Filipescu D, et al. Patterns of intensive care unit admissions in patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the RO-AHFS registry. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2015;16(5):331\u0026ndash;40.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWunsch H, Angus DC, Harrison DA et al. Variation in critical care services across North America and Western Europe. Crit Care Med 2008, 36(10):2787\u0026ndash;93, e2781-2789.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdams KF Jr., Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J. 2005;149(2):209\u0026ndash;16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLai JI, Lin HY, Lai YC, Lin PC, Chang SC, Tang GJ. Readmission to the intensive care unit: a population-based approach. J Formos Med Assoc. 2012;111(9):504\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMillan JL. Alkaline Phosphatases: Structure, substrate specificity and functional relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes. Purinergic Signal. 2006;2(2):335\u0026ndash;41.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNdrepepa G. Alkaline phosphatase and cardiovascular disease. J Lab Precision Med. 2017;2:83.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGiovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(11):1174\u0026ndash;80.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(16):1685\u0026ndash;95.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamsky MD, Patel CB, DeWald TA, et al. Cardiohepatic interactions in heart failure: an overview and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(24):2397\u0026ndash;405.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNikolaou M, Parissis J, Yilmaz MB, et al. Liver function abnormalities, clinical profile, and outcome in acute decompensated heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(10):742\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTonelli M, Curhan G, Pfeffer M, et al. Relation between alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphate, and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Circulation. 2009;120(18):1784\u0026ndash;92.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePoelzl G, Ess M, Mussner-Seeber C, Pachinger O, Frick M, Ulmer H. Liver dysfunction in chronic heart failure: prevalence, characteristics and prognostic significance. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;42(2):153\u0026ndash;63.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGoldberger AL, Amaral LA, Glass L, et al. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation. 2000;101(23):E215\u0026ndash;220.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJohnson A, Bulgarelli L, Pollard T, Horng S, Celi LA, Mark R. MIMIC-IV (Version: 2.2). PhysioNet 2023, RRID:SCR_007345.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharma U, Pal D, Prasad R. Alkaline phosphatase: an overview. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2014;29(3):269\u0026ndash;78.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHu W, Yuan L, Wang X, et al. Predictive Value of Arterial Blood Lactic Acid Concentration on the Risk of in-Hospital All-Cause Death in Patients with Acute Heart Failure. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:7644535.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAllen LA, Felker GM, Pocock S, et al. Liver function abnormalities and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) program. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(2):170\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmbrosy AP, Vaduganathan M, Huffman MD, et al. Clinical course and predictive value of liver function tests in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the EVEREST trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14(3):302\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamsky MD, Dunning A, DeVore AD, et al. Liver function tests in patients with acute heart failure and associated outcomes: insights from ASCEND-HF. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(4):424\u0026ndash;32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiang W, He X, Wu D, et al. Prognostic Implication of Liver Function Tests in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Without Chronic Hepatic Diseases: Insight From TOPCAT Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:618816.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHenrion J. Hypoxic hepatitis. Liver Int. 2012;32(7):1039\u0026ndash;52.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFortea JI, Puente A, Cuadrado A et al. Congestive Hepatopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020, 21(24).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLau GT, Tan HC, Kritharides L. Type of liver dysfunction in heart failure and its relation to the severity of tricuspid regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(12):1405\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFord RM, Book W, Spivey JR. Liver disease related to the heart. Transpl Rev (Orlando). 2015;29(1):33\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIto Y, Hosono K, Amano H. Responses of hepatic sinusoidal cells to liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023;11:1171317.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoller S, Bernardi M. Interactions of the heart and the liver. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(36):2804\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWaseem N, Chen PH. Hypoxic Hepatitis: A Review and Clinical Update. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(3):263\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHenrion J, Schapira M, Luwaert R, Colin L, Delannoy A, Heller FR. Hypoxic hepatitis: clinical and hemodynamic study in 142 consecutive cases. Med (Baltim). 2003;82(6):392\u0026ndash;406.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRaurich JM, Llompart-Pou JA, Ferreruela M, et al. Hypoxic hepatitis in critically ill patients: incidence, etiology and risk factors for mortality. J Anesth. 2011;25(1):50\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKonstam MA, Kiernan MS, Bernstein D, et al. Evaluation and Management of Right-Sided Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(20):e578\u0026ndash;622.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"alkaline phosphatase, heart failure, congestive hepatopathy, intensive care unit, mortality","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029004/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029004/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart failure (HF) is an end-stage disease frequently necessitating intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and is associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP); however, the prognostic significance for HF-associated mortality among ICU patients remains unexplored.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis retrospective cohort study examined associations between ALP and mortality using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (version 2.2) database. This cohort study analyzed 4,569 adults diagnosed with HF who were admitted to the ICU and were included in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (version 2.2) database from 2008 to 2019. Patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;18 years, those who died or were discharged within 24 h, and those with missing key variables were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected within the first 24 h of ICU admission and evaluated using Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier and Cox proportional-hazard models adjusted for major covariates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU mortality rate for HF was 11.45% (523 deaths), in-hospital rate was 17.22% (787 deaths), and total rate was 53.38% (2,439 deaths). Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier analysis revealed significantly greater ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality rates among HF patients with ALP\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 IU/L (all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Both continuous and categorical ALP elevations (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs. \u0026le;140 IU/L) were significantly associated with ICU, in-hospital, and total mortality by Cox regression analysis, and multivariate analysis established ALP as an independent predictor of all three mortality categories. Multivariate analysis revealed that when ALP was modeled as a continuous variable, each 100-IU/L increase in ALP was associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.076 for ICU mortality, 1.078 for in-hospital mortality, and 1.080 for total mortality. Categorical analysis (ALP of \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140 vs. \u0026le;140 IU/L) revealed that the adjusted HRs increased to 1.293, 1.258, and 1.318, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased blood ALP levels were substantially correlated with higher mortality in heart failure patients necessitating ICU care. These findings underscore the need for further research on the mechanisms underlying ALP elevation in HF.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as an Independent Predictor of Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A MIMIC-IV Database Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-24 17:17:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9029004/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"dedab48a-fa5f-4c6a-9890-33dbe58456da","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 24th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-10T12:27:53+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-24 17:17:26","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9029004","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9029004","identity":"rs-9029004","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}