Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia

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One of the most significant challenges is preparing communities to cope effectively with this disaster. Therefore, understanding earthquake hazards is critically important for preparedness, mitigation, and an effective response to this threat. This report aims to observe and conduct a preliminary assessment of the degree to which community preparedness for earthquake disasters has been implemented. Methods Empirical data were obtained from survey respondents and interviews. The respondents were members of a community affected by the Cianjur earthquake, which occurred on November 21, 2022. The data were analysed using the mean range approach, based on Likert scales. Additionally, the Spearman correlation method was employed to indicate the relationship between community awareness and infrastructure readiness. Result Based on empirical evidence and preliminary analysis, it is evident that the preparedness of the community to respond effectively to earthquake catastrophes is inadequate. An apparent lack of readiness is observed in the inadequate construction of housing that fails to meet disaster standards, and the absence of disaster response facilities is notable. Conclusions Based on our initial assumption, it appears that knowledge related to disaster resilience in this area has not been adequately disseminated or socialized. However, this premise requires further investigation. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v3", "name": "Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment..." } } ] } Home Browse Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Sutrisno D, Suwarno Y, Rahadiati A et al. Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Brief Report Revised Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] Dewayany Sutrisno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-3840 1 , Yatin Suwarno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-7182 1 , Ati Rahadiati https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-0123 1 , [...] Muhammad Iqbal Habibie 1 , Prabu Kresna Putra 1 , Hari Prayogi 1 , Amien Widodo 2 , Fathia Zulfati Sabrina 3 , Ahmad Kosasih 4 Dewayany Sutrisno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-3840 1 , Yatin Suwarno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-7182 1 , [...] Ati Rahadiati https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-0123 1 , Muhammad Iqbal Habibie 1 , Prabu Kresna Putra 1 , Hari Prayogi 1 , Amien Widodo 2 , Fathia Zulfati Sabrina 3 , Ahmad Kosasih 4 PUBLISHED 20 Feb 2025 Author details Author details 1 National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia 2 Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Civil Planning and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya, East Java, 60111, Indonesia 3 Directorate of Disaster Risk Mapping and Evaluation, National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), East Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 13120, Indonesia 4 Center for Management and Geospatial Information Dissemination, Geospatial Information Agency, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia Dewayany Sutrisno Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Yatin Suwarno Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Ati Rahadiati Roles: Data Curation, Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing Muhammad Iqbal Habibie Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Prabu Kresna Putra Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation Hari Prayogi Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation Amien Widodo Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Fathia Zulfati Sabrina Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Ahmad Kosasih Roles: Data Curation OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background The danger of earthquakes poses a serious threat to people worldwide. One of the most significant challenges is preparing communities to cope effectively with this disaster. Therefore, understanding earthquake hazards is critically important for preparedness, mitigation, and an effective response to this threat. This report aims to observe and conduct a preliminary assessment of the degree to which community preparedness for earthquake disasters has been implemented. Methods Empirical data were obtained from survey respondents and interviews. The respondents were members of a community affected by the Cianjur earthquake, which occurred on November 21, 2022. The data were analysed using the mean range approach, based on Likert scales. Additionally, the Spearman correlation method was employed to indicate the relationship between community awareness and infrastructure readiness. Result Based on empirical evidence and preliminary analysis, it is evident that the preparedness of the community to respond effectively to earthquake catastrophes is inadequate. An apparent lack of readiness is observed in the inadequate construction of housing that fails to meet disaster standards, and the absence of disaster response facilities is notable. Conclusions Based on our initial assumption, it appears that knowledge related to disaster resilience in this area has not been adequately disseminated or socialized. However, this premise requires further investigation. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Earthquake, community awareness, respondent’s survey, earthquake-resistant houses, Cianjur, Indonesia, disaster response, infrastructure Corresponding Author(s) Dewayany Sutrisno ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Dewayany Sutrisno Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: This study was funded by the Deputy for Facilitation of Research and Innovation - National Research and Innovation Agency and Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan/ Education Fund Management Agency (LPDP) with decree Number 82/Ii.7/Hk/2022 Concerning Recipients of the Research and Innovation Program for Advanced Indonesia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2025 Sutrisno D et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Sutrisno D, Suwarno Y, Rahadiati A et al. Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.3 ) First published: 08 Apr 2024, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.1 ) Latest published: 20 Feb 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 In this version-3 manuscript, the content remains unchanged. We made several revisions based on the reviewers’ suggestions, such as (a) ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, (b) adding workflow of study design, (c) the information about individual awareness in knowledge, attitude and behaviour (d) adding the more detail information about the characteristics of respondents. In this version-3 manuscript, the content remains unchanged. We made several revisions based on the reviewers’ suggestions, such as (a) ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, (b) adding workflow of study design, (c) the information about individual awareness in knowledge, attitude and behaviour (d) adding the more detail information about the characteristics of respondents. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Ayse Nuray Karanci See the authors' detailed response to the review by Totok Doyo Pamungkas READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction The implementation of earthquake disaster risk reduction activities involving communities presents formidable challenges in numerous countries ( Hosseini et al. , 2014 ). Hence, implementing disaster preparedness measures is imperative for populations living in locations prone to earthquake hazards. However, ensuring earthquake safety cannot be guaranteed unless every member of the community possesses an in-depth awareness of the ramifications of earthquakes and has the knowledge to handle such situations ( Siawsh et al. , 2023 ). Indonesia, renowned for its high incidence of seismic activity worldwide scale ( Parwanto and Oyama, 2014 ), bears significant responsibility in the realm of earthquake prevention and mitigation. Consequently, evaluating community knowledge pertaining to earthquake hazards is a pivotal measure in the establishment of efficient policies for disaster preparedness and mitigation, such as the awareness of living on the earthquake prone area, earthquake-resistant housing and its related infrastructures. This report aims to observe and conduct a preliminary assessment of the degree to which community preparedness for earthquake disasters has been implemented. The report focuses on the community’s awareness of earthquake disasters and their relationship with the preparedness of the environment in which they reside, housing and disaster facilities. The earthquake discussed in this report was the Cianjur earthquake that occurred in West Java, Indonesia ( Figure 1 ). This seismic event took place on November 21st, 2022, with a magnitude of 5.6 ( Supendi et al. , 2023 ). The seismic event was characterized as a shallow or near-surface earthquake, and its destructive potential was not necessarily contingent on its magnitude. Instead, the seismic event not only resulted in the destruction of various structures, residences, and public facilities but also tragically led to the loss of at least 334 lives, injuries to 583 individuals, and the sudden displacement of 114,683 individuals who found themselves in a state of destitution ( BNPB, 2022 ; Antara news, 2022 ). Figure 1. Location Cianjur’s November 2022 earthquake zones. Note: The red outlined area represents the most affected area, indicates the survey location After a period of ten months following the occurrence, it is evident that the resolution of social issues and infrastructure difficulties remains incomplete. Many individuals continue to reside in temporary shelters including emergency tents and improvised educational facilities. The government has implemented housing initiatives to accommodate those living in regions affected by earthquakes, which are characterized by significant devastation. The extent of the success of this initiative will also be a part of this observation, as it is a crucial component of infrastructure disaster awareness. Since most of the casualties in an earthquake have been determined to be deaths caused by buildings collapsing ( Sutrisno et al, 2024 ). The disaster infrastructure referred to in this article includes buildings, particularly earthquake-resistant houses, as well as evacuation facilities such as evacuation roads, muster points, health facilities, and community training programs. Methods In this report, the hypothesis to be addressed is the level of disaster awareness and its influence on disaster preparedness infrastructure. Therefore, community awareness was investigated through respondent surveys and interviews, which were conducted in the four most severely impacted sub-districts, namely Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri ( Figure 1 ). These sub-districts were identified as the most severely impacted by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) in 2022. Both surveys and interviews were using the exact same sets of instrument, and the results are processed in the same database and repository. The flowchart of study design can be seen in Figure 2 . Then, the quantification of survey and interview participants is outlined in the subsequent subsection. Figure 2. The workflow of study design. Samples We employed a normal distribution algorithm to calculate the appropriate number of respondents, based on their respective proportions within the total population. We used 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 0.10. The algorithm is described as follows. (1) n = z 2 . p 1 − p E 2 where, n is the sample size, z is the confidence level, p is the population, and E is the error margin. With the numbers of population being 500, the minimum number of respondents based on this calculation was 97. The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, particularly those who are native residents with ancestral ties to the area, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village’s officials and any level of educations for common residents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project. Instruments used Questionnaire The questionnaire was designed based literature study and expert discussions and consists of three main sections: individual awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure. Individual awareness relates to the knowledge a community possess about earthquakes and their associated impacts, as well as the extent to which earthquake disaster mitigation efforts are understood by the population ( Utomo dan Tukino, 2021 ). Building construction awareness refers to residents' attitudes toward the construction of housing structures that can protect them from the impacts of earthquake disasters ( Hariyanto et al., 2020 ; Putranesia et al., 2023 ). Disaster facilities and infrastructure pertain to the behavior of a community in responding to disasters, including their efforts in preparing earthquake-resilient infrastructure independently ( Willar et al., 2022 ). The questionnaire contains twenty-one (21) questions utilizing a Likert scale to measure respondents’ levels of awareness and knowledge. The questions are; Individual’s awareness • Knowing you live in a seismically active location • Understanding earthquake risk, including residence collapse and landslides • Understanding the safely evacuate during an earthquake • Having an earthquake emergency plan for the family • Conversant with earthquake mitigation measures such as increasing awareness of potential household hazards, improving home conditions and emergency communication • Have attended earthquake disaster awareness training or programs • Monitoring earthquake information and warnings from credible sources Building criteria awareness • The destruction of residential structures resulting from seismic activity • Type of houses • House typology in seismic context • Acknowledge earthquake-resistant housing criteria • Willingness to build earthquake resistant houses • Knowledge of earthquake-resistant housing design and reconstruction utilizing local material • Willingness to relocate if the previous location cannot be rebuilt Disaster’s facilities and infrastructure • Muster points • Evacuation zone • Shelter • healthcare facilities • emergency response center • Disaster information facilities • Communities self-manage disaster facilities and infrastructure The questionnaire can be accessed by clicking the link provided in the Extended Data sub-chapter of this paper. Survey and interview The survey and interviews were conducted using guidelines that covered the same topics as the questionnaire to obtain more in-depth qualitative information. There is based on individual’s awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure categories. These categories were meticulously outlined in a questionnaire that employed uniform content and structure across both survey respondents and interview participants. The survey involved distributing questionnaires to residents, while interviews were conducted exclusively with officials of the study area. Procedures Ethical considerations Before conducting the survey, ethical considerations regarding the participants were carried out. All participants were fully briefed about the purpose and nature of the research, including the assurance of confidentiality. Prior to conducting the surveys, informed consent was obtained from both the respondents and interview participants. This was accomplished by providing them with the option to either check a box or sign their assent on the first page of the questionnaire, which was utilized for both surveys and interviews. For ethics approval, our institution requires that all decisions be formally sanctioned. The study has obtained ethical clearance approval under the reference Number 353/KE.01/SK/06/2023, issued on June 5, 2023, by the National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Indeed, the authors have agreed to questionnaire’s content. Collecting the data The data collection was conducted from July 11th to July 13th, 2023, in the most earthquake-affected area of Cianjur Regency (see Figure 1 ). The questionnaire was disseminated to the community by village officials within the earthquake-affected areas, and the gathered responses were then returned to us by the village officials. Concurrently, the process of data collection for interviews was conducted face-to-face with the officials of the four affected sub-districts, i.e. , Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri. As previously explained in the Ethics Clearance chapter, the research background was first explained, followed by obtaining consent to participate, and then proceeding with the interview process. Analysis of the data For the data analysis process, we used Microsoft Excel software from Office 2020. We utilized the following weighting scoring method: (2) wx i = ∑ w i x i where wx i is the total weighted score of variable i , w i the weights assigned to values of variable i and s i 1 to s i n are the score’s values of classes of variable i within the dataset. As a new development, we transformed the weighted score value onto a Likert-4 scale utilizing the following formula: (3) s i = wx i − wx r ∗ l − 1 sc t − sc r + 1 where s i is the value of the transformed wx i , wx r is the lowest value of wx i , sc r is the lowest score calculated from the low Likert scale (1) to the total number of n , l is the Likert scale (4), sc t is the highest score calculated from the highest Likert scale to the total number of n. We then modified the concept of Dacanay et al. (2018) to determine the community’s level of earthquake awareness and evaluate risk reduction infrastructure awareness ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Level of awareness (modified from Dacanay et al. , 2018 ). Scale Median range Categories 4 3.51–4.00 Highly aware All available 3 2.51–3.50 Aware Partly available 2 1.51–2.50 Slightly aware A bit available 1 1.00 –1.50 Not aware Not available Correlation testing To assess the correlation between disaster awareness and disaster preparedness infrastructure (houses and facilities), we used the Spearman’s correlation algorithm ( Spearman, 1904 ), there is: (4) r xy = ∑ x 2 + ∑ y 2 − ∑ d 2 2 ∑ x 2 ∑ y 2 where x represents the disaster awareness level, y represents infrastructure, Σ d ( BNPB, 2022 ) is the sum of the squared differences between the ranks of the corresponding pairs of data points. In the event of duplicate data, the computations for variables x and y can be determined as follows. (5) ∑ x 2 = n n 2 − 1 12 − t t 2 − 1 12 (6) ∑ y 2 = n n 2 − 1 12 − t t 2 − 1 12 Variable n represents the total number of data points, and t denotes the count of duplicate numbers. A correlation coefficient > r table 0.05 indicates a positive relationship between the variables. A significance level of 0.05 is employed as a statistical tool to ascertain the statistical significance of the Spearman correlation coefficient ( r ) between two variables within a dataset ( Zar, 1972 ). The questionnaire was also subjected to validation and reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha. If the calculated value of r was greater than 0.7, it was considered valid. The majority of validity values were > 0.7, indicating that it is valid, while the reliability value was 0.942, indicating that it is reliable ( Sutrisno, 2023 ). Results The field survey data and its corresponding weighting can be seen on Open Science Framework ( Sutrisno, 2023 ). The results of the data revealed that the majority of the community possessed a limited understanding of earthquake disasters and their impacts ( Table 2 ). This is indicated by issues related to knowing that they live in a seismically active location, understanding earthquake risk, knowing how to safely evacuate during an earthquake, monitoring earthquake information and warnings from credible sources, having an earthquake emergency plan for their family, being conversant with earthquake mitigation measures, and attending earthquake disaster awareness training. Table 2. Respondents’ level of awareness on earthquake. Issues of community awareness Mean value Categories Individual's awareness Knowing you live in a seismically active location 2.01 Slightly aware Understanding earthquake risk, including residence collapse and landslides 1.76 Slightly aware Understanding the safely evacuate during an earthquake 1.64 Slightly aware Having an earthquake emergency plan for the family 1.14 Not aware Conversant with earthquake mitigation measures such as increasing awareness of potential household hazards, improving home conditions and emergency communication 1.39 Not aware Have attended earthquake disaster awareness training or programs 1.00 Not aware Monitoring earthquake information and warnings from credible sources 1.68 Slightly aware Building criteria awareness The destruction of residential structures resulting from seismic activity. 2.36 Slightly aware Type of houses 1.81 Slightly aware House typology in seismic context 1.82 Slightly aware Acknowledge earthquake-resistant housing criteria 1.68 Slightly aware Willingness to build earthquake resistant houses 3.23 Aware Knowledge of earthquake-resistant housing design and reconstruction utilizing local material 1.67 Slightly aware Willingness to relocate if the previous location cannot be rebuilt. 1.75 Slightly aware Disaster's facilities and infrastructure Muster points 1.91 A bit available Evacuation zone 1.74 A bit available Shelter 2.14 A bit available Healthcare facilities 2.91 Partly available Emergency response center 1.74 A bit available Disaster information facilities. 1.78 A bit available Communities self-manage disaster facilities and infrastructure. 1.42 Not available We observed that a substantial number of participants exhibited a limited level of awareness regarding earthquake-resistant structures. Nevertheless, there exists a significant inclination towards constructing houses that can withstand earthquakes, which conflicts with the reluctance to relocate while inhabiting a region susceptible to earthquake hazards. The Spearman analysis results demonstrated a correlation between the lack of awareness of earthquake disasters and the condition of settlements and readiness of infrastructure in their residential areas. The aforementioned calculations yield a Spearman coefficient of r xy = 0.978 for the level of awareness pertaining to earthquake-resistant structures and a coefficient of r xy = 0.962 for the level of preparation for disaster response facilities. The r table 0.05 for a confidence level of 0.05, Spearman’s rank is 0.714. In this case, the of r xy > r table 0.05 ; thus, it can be observed that there is a strong correlation between disaster awareness and earthquake-resistant houses and limitations in completing disaster resilience facilities. A lack of public awareness of earthquake disasters and the condition of the buildings in which they reside can also be observed at the level of building damage, as shown in Figure 3 . Figure 3. The extent of residential damage claimed by the respondents. The results show that only 16% of the houses remained undamaged, while the rest experienced damage ranging from minor (31%), moderate (24%), to severe (29%) ( Figure 3 ). The observed phenomenon can be ascribed to the inherent heterogeneity in the construction quality of buildings with regard to their capacity to satisfy the earthquake-resistant criteria. Discussion The results mentioned above indicate a positive association between the population’s inadequate knowledge of earthquake hazards and standards of earthquake-resistant housing and disaster response facilities. We also see two possibilities related to our previous findings: knowledge related to disaster resilience in this area has not been well disseminated or socialized, or they are unaware that they reside in earthquake-prone locations (xx). This is evidenced by several issues such as the absence of sufficient planning for mitigating disasters, insufficient public education on appropriate measures to be performed during earthquakes, limitations in comprehending and equipping disaster resilience infrastructure, and a lack of understanding related to earthquake-resistant housing. Understanding earthquake infrastructure is crucial because the fatalities of earthquakes are commonly caused by building collapse ( Markušic et al. , 2020 ). The period of 10 months following the catastrophe has proven to be a significant educational opportunity for all individuals involved ( Ruswan and Syarif, 2024 ; Satmoko et al., 2024 ). It has been established that human preparedness, responses, and adjustment to natural disasters, technology disasters, or violent conflicts are intimately related to the ability of the community to bounce back after experiencing a disaster ( Sarwadhamana, 2022 ; Marlyono and Nandi, 2018 ). For assist them, the government has initiated the process of providing guidance to the community to facilitate the reconstruction of their homes in alignment with the prescribed criteria ( World Bank, 2021 ; BSN, 2019 ; Sofiana et al., 2022 ). This was demonstrated by the level of public awareness of the construction of earthquake-resistant housing, particularly in light of the accessibility of financial assistance and the provision of guidance by the local housing authority ( Utomo and Tukino, 2021 ). Regrettably, the provision of aid is not accompanied by educational initiatives pertaining to disaster preparedness or building infrastructure for disaster response. Disaster-affected areas are characterized by features of agricultural and mountainous tourism. We assume that an agrarian society’s strong attachment to farming practices contributes to their reluctance to relocate far from agricultural land. The potential impact of tourism on the limited availability of traditional Sundanesse wooden houses in this area is also being considered. These wooden houses were designed to withstand local natural phenomena and exhibit earthquake resistance ( Dutu, 2021 ). Awareness that Sundanese wooden houses were designed to withstand earthquake casualties must be educated to the affected communities. A limitation of this study was the absence of in-depth interviews regarding sociocultural issues and community resilience. The need for training programs for disaster preparation, the incorporation of earthquake education into the school curriculum, and the active involvement of local community organizations in disaster simulations and drills is essential ( Widdyusuf et al., 2022 ; Indrayani and Wasistiono, 2021 ). We believe that these aspects require further research. Conclusion This study highlights the significantly low level of community awareness regarding earthquake risks, earthquake-resistant building construction, and disaster preparedness infrastructure. Most respondents lacked awareness of living in earthquake-prone areas, did not have emergency plans, and had not participated in disaster mitigation training. Furthermore, although there is a willingness to construct earthquake-resistant houses, the majority of existing homes fail to meet earthquake-resilient criteria, with significant damage reported in 84% of houses following the Cianjur earthquake. Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between the low level of public awareness and the inadequacy of disaster preparedness infrastructure. This lack of awareness is likely attributed to insufficient dissemination of information and education about earthquake mitigation. The study also notes that the agrarian society's attachment to agricultural land poses a barrier to relocation to safer areas. Recommendations from this study include enhancing disaster education through school curricula, community training, and disaster simulations. The government should also strengthen the construction of earthquake-resistant houses by providing technical guidance and education while promoting awareness of the benefits of traditional architectural designs, such as Sundanese wooden houses, which are inherently earthquake-resistant. Further research is necessary to explore sociocultural aspects and strategies for improving community resilience to earthquake disasters. Data availability Underlying data Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UJ68Z ( Sutrisno, 2023 ). The project contains the following underlying data: - Recapitulation of surveys_rw.csv (Raw data from questionnaire and interviews) - Matrix of Scored Analysis.csv (Analysed data) - Reability Test_analysis.csv (Analysed data) - Validity Test_analysis.csv (Analysed data) Extended data Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UJ68Z ( Sutrisno, 2023 ). The project contains the following extended data: - Quisitionnaire_CC awarness2023.pdf (Questionnaire) Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Education Fund Management Agency (LPDP), National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) and stakeholders at the disaster site in Cianjur Regency who assisted in conducting the survey. 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Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 08 Apr 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia 2 Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Civil Planning and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya, East Java, 60111, Indonesia 3 Directorate of Disaster Risk Mapping and Evaluation, National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), East Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 13120, Indonesia 4 Center for Management and Geospatial Information Dissemination, Geospatial Information Agency, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia Dewayany Sutrisno Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Yatin Suwarno Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Ati Rahadiati Roles: Data Curation, Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing Muhammad Iqbal Habibie Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Prabu Kresna Putra Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation Hari Prayogi Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation Amien Widodo Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Fathia Zulfati Sabrina Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Ahmad Kosasih Roles: Data Curation Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information This study was funded by the Deputy for Facilitation of Research and Innovation - National Research and Innovation Agency and Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan/ Education Fund Management Agency (LPDP) with decree Number 82/Ii.7/Hk/2022 Concerning Recipients of the Research and Innovation Program for Advanced Indonesia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 20 Feb 2025, 13:256 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.3 version 2 Revised Published: 05 Aug 2024, 13:256 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.2 version 1 Published: 08 Apr 2024, 13:256 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.1 Copyright © 2025 Sutrisno D et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Sutrisno D, Suwarno Y, Rahadiati A et al. Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143577.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. 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F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176532.r367850 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v3#referee-response-367850 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 10 Mar 2025 Totok Doyo Pamungkas , Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176532.r367850 No ... Continue reading READ ALL No further comments Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: geography education, disaster preparedness, geology and geophysics, sustainable development I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Pamungkas TD. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176532.r367850 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v3#referee-response-367850 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 05 Aug 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Pamungkas TD. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r345361 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v2#referee-response-345361 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 26 Dec 2024 Totok Doyo Pamungkas , Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r345361 1. This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic 2. Study design needs more clarity such as workflow 3. Indicator of individual awareness measurement ... Continue reading READ ALL 1. This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic 2. Study design needs more clarity such as workflow 3. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. has been add 4. The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator 5. The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? No Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? No Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: geography education, disaster preparedness, geology and geophysics, sustainable development I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Pamungkas TD. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r345361 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v2#referee-response-345361 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 02 Jan 2025 Dewayany Sutrisno , National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia 02 Jan 2025 Author Response RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: ... Continue reading RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: Thank you for your feedback. Ten references related to community preparedness for earthquake disasters, with the majority focusing on locations in West Java, have been incorporated into the chapter Instruments Used: Questionnaire and Discussion and supplemented with appropriate references Study design needs more clarity such as workflow: Thank you for your suggestion. The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. Thank you for the feedback. Indicators of individual awareness are based on measurable criteria. The aspects of 1) knowledge, 2) attitude, and 3) behavior have been incorporated into the three main sections: individual awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure. These are elaborated as follows: Individual awareness relates to the knowledge a community possesses about earthquakes and their associated impacts, as well as the extent to which earthquake disaster mitigation efforts are understood by the population. Building construction awareness refers to residents' attitudes toward the construction of housing structures that can protect them from the impacts of earthquake disasters (Hariyanto et al., 2020; Putranesa et al., 2023). Disaster facilities and infrastructure pertain to the behavior of a community in responding to disasters, including their efforts in preparing earthquake-resilient infrastructure independently (Willar et al., 2022). This has been included in the chapter Instruments: Questionnaire." The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator Thank you for your suggestion. The author has enhanced the description of respondent characteristics in the Samples chapter by adding the following statement: The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, particularly those who are native residents with ancestral ties to the area, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village officials and any level of education for common survey respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers: Thank you for your suggestion. A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?; The author has incorporated recent literature, with 16 out of 24 references being articles published after 2020 Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? The method has been supplemented with a workflow and its corresponding explanation If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? In accordance with the journal's guidelines, the data is stored in a repository with the link provided in the manuscript. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: Thank you for your feedback. Ten references related to community preparedness for earthquake disasters, with the majority focusing on locations in West Java, have been incorporated into the chapter Instruments Used: Questionnaire and Discussion and supplemented with appropriate references Study design needs more clarity such as workflow: Thank you for your suggestion. The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. Thank you for the feedback. Indicators of individual awareness are based on measurable criteria. The aspects of 1) knowledge, 2) attitude, and 3) behavior have been incorporated into the three main sections: individual awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure. These are elaborated as follows: Individual awareness relates to the knowledge a community possesses about earthquakes and their associated impacts, as well as the extent to which earthquake disaster mitigation efforts are understood by the population. Building construction awareness refers to residents' attitudes toward the construction of housing structures that can protect them from the impacts of earthquake disasters (Hariyanto et al., 2020; Putranesa et al., 2023). Disaster facilities and infrastructure pertain to the behavior of a community in responding to disasters, including their efforts in preparing earthquake-resilient infrastructure independently (Willar et al., 2022). This has been included in the chapter Instruments: Questionnaire." The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator Thank you for your suggestion. The author has enhanced the description of respondent characteristics in the Samples chapter by adding the following statement: The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, particularly those who are native residents with ancestral ties to the area, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village officials and any level of education for common survey respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers: Thank you for your suggestion. A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?; The author has incorporated recent literature, with 16 out of 24 references being articles published after 2020 Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? The method has been supplemented with a workflow and its corresponding explanation If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? In accordance with the journal's guidelines, the data is stored in a repository with the link provided in the manuscript. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to this manuscript. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 02 Jan 2025 Dewayany Sutrisno , National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia 02 Jan 2025 Author Response RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: ... Continue reading RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: Thank you for your feedback. Ten references related to community preparedness for earthquake disasters, with the majority focusing on locations in West Java, have been incorporated into the chapter Instruments Used: Questionnaire and Discussion and supplemented with appropriate references Study design needs more clarity such as workflow: Thank you for your suggestion. The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. Thank you for the feedback. Indicators of individual awareness are based on measurable criteria. The aspects of 1) knowledge, 2) attitude, and 3) behavior have been incorporated into the three main sections: individual awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure. These are elaborated as follows: Individual awareness relates to the knowledge a community possesses about earthquakes and their associated impacts, as well as the extent to which earthquake disaster mitigation efforts are understood by the population. Building construction awareness refers to residents' attitudes toward the construction of housing structures that can protect them from the impacts of earthquake disasters (Hariyanto et al., 2020; Putranesa et al., 2023). Disaster facilities and infrastructure pertain to the behavior of a community in responding to disasters, including their efforts in preparing earthquake-resilient infrastructure independently (Willar et al., 2022). This has been included in the chapter Instruments: Questionnaire." The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator Thank you for your suggestion. The author has enhanced the description of respondent characteristics in the Samples chapter by adding the following statement: The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, particularly those who are native residents with ancestral ties to the area, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village officials and any level of education for common survey respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers: Thank you for your suggestion. A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?; The author has incorporated recent literature, with 16 out of 24 references being articles published after 2020 Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? The method has been supplemented with a workflow and its corresponding explanation If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? In accordance with the journal's guidelines, the data is stored in a repository with the link provided in the manuscript. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: Thank you for your feedback. Ten references related to community preparedness for earthquake disasters, with the majority focusing on locations in West Java, have been incorporated into the chapter Instruments Used: Questionnaire and Discussion and supplemented with appropriate references Study design needs more clarity such as workflow: Thank you for your suggestion. The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. Thank you for the feedback. Indicators of individual awareness are based on measurable criteria. The aspects of 1) knowledge, 2) attitude, and 3) behavior have been incorporated into the three main sections: individual awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure. These are elaborated as follows: Individual awareness relates to the knowledge a community possesses about earthquakes and their associated impacts, as well as the extent to which earthquake disaster mitigation efforts are understood by the population. Building construction awareness refers to residents' attitudes toward the construction of housing structures that can protect them from the impacts of earthquake disasters (Hariyanto et al., 2020; Putranesa et al., 2023). Disaster facilities and infrastructure pertain to the behavior of a community in responding to disasters, including their efforts in preparing earthquake-resilient infrastructure independently (Willar et al., 2022). This has been included in the chapter Instruments: Questionnaire." The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator Thank you for your suggestion. The author has enhanced the description of respondent characteristics in the Samples chapter by adding the following statement: The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, particularly those who are native residents with ancestral ties to the area, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village officials and any level of education for common survey respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers: Thank you for your suggestion. A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?; The author has incorporated recent literature, with 16 out of 24 references being articles published after 2020 Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? The method has been supplemented with a workflow and its corresponding explanation If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? In accordance with the journal's guidelines, the data is stored in a repository with the link provided in the manuscript. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to this manuscript. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Nuray Karanci A. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r311003 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v2#referee-response-311003 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 10 Sep 2024 Ayse Nuray Karanci , TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r311003 The revised version of this paper is acceptable the authors have answered my queries ... Continue reading READ ALL The revised version of this paper is acceptable the authors have answered my queries and have revised the paper accordingly. Therefore I approve this version to be indexed. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Disaster prepaparedness I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Nuray Karanci A. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r311003 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v2#referee-response-311003 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 08 Apr 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Nuray Karanci A. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.157253.r297088 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v1#referee-response-297088 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 04 Jul 2024 Ayse Nuray Karanci , TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey Not Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.157253.r297088 Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive ... Continue reading READ ALL Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. Method: This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations . Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? No Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? No Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? No If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Disaster prepaparedness I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Nuray Karanci A. Reviewer Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.157253.r297088 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v1#referee-response-297088 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 05 Aug 2024 Dewayany Sutrisno , National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia 05 Aug 2024 Author Response Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the ... Continue reading Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Indeed, there are some sentences in this paper that may have led to misunderstandings. This paper is part of a study aimed at understanding community perceptions regarding earthquake-resistant houses promoted by the Indonesian government, by considering that casualties from earthquakes are generally caused by building collapses. It is indicated by the title, “Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia". We apologize, but in this paper, we focus more on raising community awareness about living in earthquake-prone areas, as well as the need for understanding earthquake-resistant houses and related infrastructure as part of community preparedness. Therefore, we did not conduct research related to community adaptability, as this would be more aligned with studies on community resilience. Regarding earthquake-resistant buildings, their ancestors had local wisdom by constructing traditional wooden houses in response to disaster-related concerns. However, the modernization of housing has altered the community's patterns, leading to limited knowledge about earthquake-resistant housing and other disaster preparedness facilities. This is a common issue in various earthquake-prone villages in Indonesia. Following your feedback, the revisions can be seen in the Introduction, paragraphs 1 and 3." “ …….Consequently, evaluating community knowledge pertaining to earthquake hazards is a pivotal measure in the establishment of efficient policies for disaster preparedness and mitigation, such as the awareness of living on the earthquake prone area, earthquake-resistant housing and its related infrastructures” and …..” The extent of the success of this initiative will also be a part of this observation, as it is a crucial component of infrastructure disaster awareness. Since most of the casualties in an earthquake have been determined to be deaths caused by buildings collapsing (Sutrisno et al, 2024)…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The term 'disaster preparedness infrastructure' that we refer to is specified as Earthquake-Resistant Buildings: Structures designed to withstand the shocks and damage caused by earthquakes. Evacuation Facilities: Safe and organized locations for evacuating residents during disasters, including evacuation routes and temporary shelters disaster facilities: such as health care facilities and emergency respond center. Training and Education: Programs that train and educate the community on how to respond correctly and effectively to disasters See the Sub chapter of instruments used and the questionnaire And the last paragraph of the introduction “….The disaster infrastructure referred to in this article includes buildings, particularly earthquake-resistant houses, as well as evacuation facilities such as evacuation roads, muster points, health facilities, and community training programs.” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. -------------------------------- Author Response: The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that the level of disaster awareness has a significant influence on disaster preparedness infrastructure. To clarify, the details of this hypothesis are as follows: Level of Disaster Awareness: This refers to the extent to which individuals or communities understand and recognize the risks and hazards associated with earthquakes in their living environment. Disaster Preparedness Infrastructure: This encompasses all facilities, systems, and equipment prepared to deal with disasters, including earthquake-resistant buildings, early warning systems, evacuation facilities, emergency supply storage, and community training programs. This hypothesis posits that the higher the level of disaster awareness in a community, the better and more comprehensive the available disaster preparedness infrastructure. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Method : This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have restructured the methodology, as can be seen in the Methods chapter of this paper. In accordance with the reviewers’ suggestions, this section is divided into three subsections: samples, instruments used, and procedures. Regarding the data, the tables can be accessed by clicking the link provided in the Data Availability chapter of this paper (Repository Data). Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Some word is missing, which we have corrected in the samples sub-chapter. “……..The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village’s officials and any level of educations for respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project….” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The methodology has been restructured according to the reviewers' suggestions. Development of Response Format: The response format for the questions was developed based on a literature review and discussions with experts in the field. We used a 4-point Likert scale to measure respondents' readiness for earthquake disasters. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to cover the respondents' experiences and knowledge from the period before the disaster up to ten months after the disaster. This was done to ensure that the data collected is relevant and current. To measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire, we calculated Cronbach's alpha values for each section of the questionnaire, aiming for values > 0.7 to establish validity. These values indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and is reliable for measuring the intended research objectives. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for the feedback. The interviews used the same format as the respondent survey. We have made corrections in the data collection subsection “…..Concurrently, the process of data collection for interviews was conducted face-to-face with the officials of the four affected sub-districts, i.e. , Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri. As previously explained in the Ethics Clearance chapter, the research background was first explained, followed by obtaining consent to participate, and then proceeding with the interview process…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We recognize that the lack of specific hypotheses can make the results and analysis appear unclear. As we mentioned earlier, this research focuses on community preparedness for earthquake disasters, specifically to assess awareness of living in the prone zone, the importance of earthquake-resistant houses and its supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we did not conduct an analysis of adaptive behaviour. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have completed and revised it according to the objectives of this research. Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Indeed, there are some sentences in this paper that may have led to misunderstandings. This paper is part of a study aimed at understanding community perceptions regarding earthquake-resistant houses promoted by the Indonesian government, by considering that casualties from earthquakes are generally caused by building collapses. It is indicated by the title, “Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia". We apologize, but in this paper, we focus more on raising community awareness about living in earthquake-prone areas, as well as the need for understanding earthquake-resistant houses and related infrastructure as part of community preparedness. Therefore, we did not conduct research related to community adaptability, as this would be more aligned with studies on community resilience. Regarding earthquake-resistant buildings, their ancestors had local wisdom by constructing traditional wooden houses in response to disaster-related concerns. However, the modernization of housing has altered the community's patterns, leading to limited knowledge about earthquake-resistant housing and other disaster preparedness facilities. This is a common issue in various earthquake-prone villages in Indonesia. Following your feedback, the revisions can be seen in the Introduction, paragraphs 1 and 3." “ …….Consequently, evaluating community knowledge pertaining to earthquake hazards is a pivotal measure in the establishment of efficient policies for disaster preparedness and mitigation, such as the awareness of living on the earthquake prone area, earthquake-resistant housing and its related infrastructures” and …..” The extent of the success of this initiative will also be a part of this observation, as it is a crucial component of infrastructure disaster awareness. Since most of the casualties in an earthquake have been determined to be deaths caused by buildings collapsing (Sutrisno et al, 2024)…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The term 'disaster preparedness infrastructure' that we refer to is specified as Earthquake-Resistant Buildings: Structures designed to withstand the shocks and damage caused by earthquakes. Evacuation Facilities: Safe and organized locations for evacuating residents during disasters, including evacuation routes and temporary shelters disaster facilities: such as health care facilities and emergency respond center. Training and Education: Programs that train and educate the community on how to respond correctly and effectively to disasters See the Sub chapter of instruments used and the questionnaire And the last paragraph of the introduction “….The disaster infrastructure referred to in this article includes buildings, particularly earthquake-resistant houses, as well as evacuation facilities such as evacuation roads, muster points, health facilities, and community training programs.” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. -------------------------------- Author Response: The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that the level of disaster awareness has a significant influence on disaster preparedness infrastructure. To clarify, the details of this hypothesis are as follows: Level of Disaster Awareness: This refers to the extent to which individuals or communities understand and recognize the risks and hazards associated with earthquakes in their living environment. Disaster Preparedness Infrastructure: This encompasses all facilities, systems, and equipment prepared to deal with disasters, including earthquake-resistant buildings, early warning systems, evacuation facilities, emergency supply storage, and community training programs. This hypothesis posits that the higher the level of disaster awareness in a community, the better and more comprehensive the available disaster preparedness infrastructure. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Method : This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have restructured the methodology, as can be seen in the Methods chapter of this paper. In accordance with the reviewers’ suggestions, this section is divided into three subsections: samples, instruments used, and procedures. Regarding the data, the tables can be accessed by clicking the link provided in the Data Availability chapter of this paper (Repository Data). Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Some word is missing, which we have corrected in the samples sub-chapter. “……..The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village’s officials and any level of educations for respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project….” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The methodology has been restructured according to the reviewers' suggestions. Development of Response Format: The response format for the questions was developed based on a literature review and discussions with experts in the field. We used a 4-point Likert scale to measure respondents' readiness for earthquake disasters. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to cover the respondents' experiences and knowledge from the period before the disaster up to ten months after the disaster. This was done to ensure that the data collected is relevant and current. To measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire, we calculated Cronbach's alpha values for each section of the questionnaire, aiming for values > 0.7 to establish validity. These values indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and is reliable for measuring the intended research objectives. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for the feedback. The interviews used the same format as the respondent survey. We have made corrections in the data collection subsection “…..Concurrently, the process of data collection for interviews was conducted face-to-face with the officials of the four affected sub-districts, i.e. , Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri. As previously explained in the Ethics Clearance chapter, the research background was first explained, followed by obtaining consent to participate, and then proceeding with the interview process…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We recognize that the lack of specific hypotheses can make the results and analysis appear unclear. As we mentioned earlier, this research focuses on community preparedness for earthquake disasters, specifically to assess awareness of living in the prone zone, the importance of earthquake-resistant houses and its supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we did not conduct an analysis of adaptive behaviour. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have completed and revised it according to the objectives of this research. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 05 Aug 2024 Dewayany Sutrisno , National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia 05 Aug 2024 Author Response Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the ... Continue reading Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Indeed, there are some sentences in this paper that may have led to misunderstandings. This paper is part of a study aimed at understanding community perceptions regarding earthquake-resistant houses promoted by the Indonesian government, by considering that casualties from earthquakes are generally caused by building collapses. It is indicated by the title, “Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia". We apologize, but in this paper, we focus more on raising community awareness about living in earthquake-prone areas, as well as the need for understanding earthquake-resistant houses and related infrastructure as part of community preparedness. Therefore, we did not conduct research related to community adaptability, as this would be more aligned with studies on community resilience. Regarding earthquake-resistant buildings, their ancestors had local wisdom by constructing traditional wooden houses in response to disaster-related concerns. However, the modernization of housing has altered the community's patterns, leading to limited knowledge about earthquake-resistant housing and other disaster preparedness facilities. This is a common issue in various earthquake-prone villages in Indonesia. Following your feedback, the revisions can be seen in the Introduction, paragraphs 1 and 3." “ …….Consequently, evaluating community knowledge pertaining to earthquake hazards is a pivotal measure in the establishment of efficient policies for disaster preparedness and mitigation, such as the awareness of living on the earthquake prone area, earthquake-resistant housing and its related infrastructures” and …..” The extent of the success of this initiative will also be a part of this observation, as it is a crucial component of infrastructure disaster awareness. Since most of the casualties in an earthquake have been determined to be deaths caused by buildings collapsing (Sutrisno et al, 2024)…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The term 'disaster preparedness infrastructure' that we refer to is specified as Earthquake-Resistant Buildings: Structures designed to withstand the shocks and damage caused by earthquakes. Evacuation Facilities: Safe and organized locations for evacuating residents during disasters, including evacuation routes and temporary shelters disaster facilities: such as health care facilities and emergency respond center. Training and Education: Programs that train and educate the community on how to respond correctly and effectively to disasters See the Sub chapter of instruments used and the questionnaire And the last paragraph of the introduction “….The disaster infrastructure referred to in this article includes buildings, particularly earthquake-resistant houses, as well as evacuation facilities such as evacuation roads, muster points, health facilities, and community training programs.” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. -------------------------------- Author Response: The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that the level of disaster awareness has a significant influence on disaster preparedness infrastructure. To clarify, the details of this hypothesis are as follows: Level of Disaster Awareness: This refers to the extent to which individuals or communities understand and recognize the risks and hazards associated with earthquakes in their living environment. Disaster Preparedness Infrastructure: This encompasses all facilities, systems, and equipment prepared to deal with disasters, including earthquake-resistant buildings, early warning systems, evacuation facilities, emergency supply storage, and community training programs. This hypothesis posits that the higher the level of disaster awareness in a community, the better and more comprehensive the available disaster preparedness infrastructure. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Method : This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have restructured the methodology, as can be seen in the Methods chapter of this paper. In accordance with the reviewers’ suggestions, this section is divided into three subsections: samples, instruments used, and procedures. Regarding the data, the tables can be accessed by clicking the link provided in the Data Availability chapter of this paper (Repository Data). Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Some word is missing, which we have corrected in the samples sub-chapter. “……..The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village’s officials and any level of educations for respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project….” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The methodology has been restructured according to the reviewers' suggestions. Development of Response Format: The response format for the questions was developed based on a literature review and discussions with experts in the field. We used a 4-point Likert scale to measure respondents' readiness for earthquake disasters. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to cover the respondents' experiences and knowledge from the period before the disaster up to ten months after the disaster. This was done to ensure that the data collected is relevant and current. To measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire, we calculated Cronbach's alpha values for each section of the questionnaire, aiming for values > 0.7 to establish validity. These values indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and is reliable for measuring the intended research objectives. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for the feedback. The interviews used the same format as the respondent survey. We have made corrections in the data collection subsection “…..Concurrently, the process of data collection for interviews was conducted face-to-face with the officials of the four affected sub-districts, i.e. , Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri. As previously explained in the Ethics Clearance chapter, the research background was first explained, followed by obtaining consent to participate, and then proceeding with the interview process…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We recognize that the lack of specific hypotheses can make the results and analysis appear unclear. As we mentioned earlier, this research focuses on community preparedness for earthquake disasters, specifically to assess awareness of living in the prone zone, the importance of earthquake-resistant houses and its supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we did not conduct an analysis of adaptive behaviour. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have completed and revised it according to the objectives of this research. Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Indeed, there are some sentences in this paper that may have led to misunderstandings. This paper is part of a study aimed at understanding community perceptions regarding earthquake-resistant houses promoted by the Indonesian government, by considering that casualties from earthquakes are generally caused by building collapses. It is indicated by the title, “Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia". We apologize, but in this paper, we focus more on raising community awareness about living in earthquake-prone areas, as well as the need for understanding earthquake-resistant houses and related infrastructure as part of community preparedness. Therefore, we did not conduct research related to community adaptability, as this would be more aligned with studies on community resilience. Regarding earthquake-resistant buildings, their ancestors had local wisdom by constructing traditional wooden houses in response to disaster-related concerns. However, the modernization of housing has altered the community's patterns, leading to limited knowledge about earthquake-resistant housing and other disaster preparedness facilities. This is a common issue in various earthquake-prone villages in Indonesia. Following your feedback, the revisions can be seen in the Introduction, paragraphs 1 and 3." “ …….Consequently, evaluating community knowledge pertaining to earthquake hazards is a pivotal measure in the establishment of efficient policies for disaster preparedness and mitigation, such as the awareness of living on the earthquake prone area, earthquake-resistant housing and its related infrastructures” and …..” The extent of the success of this initiative will also be a part of this observation, as it is a crucial component of infrastructure disaster awareness. Since most of the casualties in an earthquake have been determined to be deaths caused by buildings collapsing (Sutrisno et al, 2024)…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The term 'disaster preparedness infrastructure' that we refer to is specified as Earthquake-Resistant Buildings: Structures designed to withstand the shocks and damage caused by earthquakes. Evacuation Facilities: Safe and organized locations for evacuating residents during disasters, including evacuation routes and temporary shelters disaster facilities: such as health care facilities and emergency respond center. Training and Education: Programs that train and educate the community on how to respond correctly and effectively to disasters See the Sub chapter of instruments used and the questionnaire And the last paragraph of the introduction “….The disaster infrastructure referred to in this article includes buildings, particularly earthquake-resistant houses, as well as evacuation facilities such as evacuation roads, muster points, health facilities, and community training programs.” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. -------------------------------- Author Response: The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that the level of disaster awareness has a significant influence on disaster preparedness infrastructure. To clarify, the details of this hypothesis are as follows: Level of Disaster Awareness: This refers to the extent to which individuals or communities understand and recognize the risks and hazards associated with earthquakes in their living environment. Disaster Preparedness Infrastructure: This encompasses all facilities, systems, and equipment prepared to deal with disasters, including earthquake-resistant buildings, early warning systems, evacuation facilities, emergency supply storage, and community training programs. This hypothesis posits that the higher the level of disaster awareness in a community, the better and more comprehensive the available disaster preparedness infrastructure. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Method : This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have restructured the methodology, as can be seen in the Methods chapter of this paper. In accordance with the reviewers’ suggestions, this section is divided into three subsections: samples, instruments used, and procedures. Regarding the data, the tables can be accessed by clicking the link provided in the Data Availability chapter of this paper (Repository Data). Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Some word is missing, which we have corrected in the samples sub-chapter. “……..The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village’s officials and any level of educations for respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project….” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The methodology has been restructured according to the reviewers' suggestions. Development of Response Format: The response format for the questions was developed based on a literature review and discussions with experts in the field. We used a 4-point Likert scale to measure respondents' readiness for earthquake disasters. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to cover the respondents' experiences and knowledge from the period before the disaster up to ten months after the disaster. This was done to ensure that the data collected is relevant and current. To measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire, we calculated Cronbach's alpha values for each section of the questionnaire, aiming for values > 0.7 to establish validity. These values indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and is reliable for measuring the intended research objectives. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for the feedback. The interviews used the same format as the respondent survey. We have made corrections in the data collection subsection “…..Concurrently, the process of data collection for interviews was conducted face-to-face with the officials of the four affected sub-districts, i.e. , Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri. As previously explained in the Ethics Clearance chapter, the research background was first explained, followed by obtaining consent to participate, and then proceeding with the interview process…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We recognize that the lack of specific hypotheses can make the results and analysis appear unclear. As we mentioned earlier, this research focuses on community preparedness for earthquake disasters, specifically to assess awareness of living in the prone zone, the importance of earthquake-resistant houses and its supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we did not conduct an analysis of adaptive behaviour. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have completed and revised it according to the objectives of this research. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 08 Apr 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 3 (revision) 20 Feb 25 read Version 2 (revision) 05 Aug 24 read read Version 1 08 Apr 24 read Ayse Nuray Karanci , TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey Totok Doyo Pamungkas , Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Pamungkas T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 Mar 2025 | for Version 3 Totok Doyo Pamungkas , Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Pamungkas T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions No further comments Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise geography education, disaster preparedness, geology and geophysics, sustainable development I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Pamungkas TD. Peer Review Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176532.r367850) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v3#referee-response-367850 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Pamungkas T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 26 Dec 2024 | for Version 2 Totok Doyo Pamungkas , Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2024 Pamungkas T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions 1. This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic 2. Study design needs more clarity such as workflow 3. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. has been add 4. The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator 5. The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? No Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? No Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise geography education, disaster preparedness, geology and geophysics, sustainable development I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 02 Jan 2025 Dewayany Sutrisno, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia RESPOND TO THE REVIEWER: This paper needs more or less ten references about community preparedness for earthquake disasters, especially in West Java, with the same characteristic: Thank you for your feedback. Ten references related to community preparedness for earthquake disasters, with the majority focusing on locations in West Java, have been incorporated into the chapter Instruments Used: Questionnaire and Discussion and supplemented with appropriate references Study design needs more clarity such as workflow: Thank you for your suggestion. The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Indicator of individual awareness measurement based on reference or by the researcher?, where do the following aspects: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) behavior. Thank you for the feedback. Indicators of individual awareness are based on measurable criteria. The aspects of 1) knowledge, 2) attitude, and 3) behavior have been incorporated into the three main sections: individual awareness, building construction awareness, and disaster facilities and infrastructure. These are elaborated as follows: Individual awareness relates to the knowledge a community possesses about earthquakes and their associated impacts, as well as the extent to which earthquake disaster mitigation efforts are understood by the population. Building construction awareness refers to residents' attitudes toward the construction of housing structures that can protect them from the impacts of earthquake disasters (Hariyanto et al., 2020; Putranesa et al., 2023). Disaster facilities and infrastructure pertain to the behavior of a community in responding to disasters, including their efforts in preparing earthquake-resilient infrastructure independently (Willar et al., 2022). This has been included in the chapter Instruments: Questionnaire." The characteristics of respondents must show and clearly explain about experience/ years of living in the area is one of the important indicator Thank you for your suggestion. The author has enhanced the description of respondent characteristics in the Samples chapter by adding the following statement: The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, particularly those who are native residents with ancestral ties to the area, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village officials and any level of education for common survey respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project The conclusions drawn are not based on the final results but tend to argue and assume based on researchers: Thank you for your suggestion. A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?; The author has incorporated recent literature, with 16 out of 24 references being articles published after 2020 Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? The workflow study design has been included in the Methods chapter as Figure 2. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? The method has been supplemented with a workflow and its corresponding explanation If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? In accordance with the journal's guidelines, the data is stored in a repository with the link provided in the manuscript. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? A conclusion chapter has been added to the manuscript, which was previously absent. The initial omission of the conclusion chapter was due to our adherence to the existing report format guidelines. View more View less Competing Interests The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to this manuscript. reply Respond Report a concern Pamungkas TD. Peer Review Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r345361) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v2#referee-response-345361 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Nuray Karanci A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 Sep 2024 | for Version 2 Ayse Nuray Karanci , TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey 0 Views copyright © 2024 Nuray Karanci A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The revised version of this paper is acceptable the authors have answered my queries and have revised the paper accordingly. Therefore I approve this version to be indexed. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Disaster prepaparedness I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Nuray Karanci A. Peer Review Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.169729.r311003) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v2#referee-response-311003 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Nuray Karanci A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 04 Jul 2024 | for Version 1 Ayse Nuray Karanci , TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey 0 Views copyright © 2024 Nuray Karanci A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. Method: This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations . Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? No Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? No Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? No If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Disaster prepaparedness I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 05 Aug 2024 Dewayany Sutrisno, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia Author Response to THE REVIEWER - Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Although this is an interesting study of a population exposed to a recent earthquake there are important weaknesses in the manuscript. These are as follows: Introduction: Concept of awareness not only on earthquake hazards but also on adaptive behaviors needs to be discussed. There are numerous theoretical models linking awareness to adaptive behaviors. The introduction fails to discuss these theories. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Indeed, there are some sentences in this paper that may have led to misunderstandings. This paper is part of a study aimed at understanding community perceptions regarding earthquake-resistant houses promoted by the Indonesian government, by considering that casualties from earthquakes are generally caused by building collapses. It is indicated by the title, “Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia". We apologize, but in this paper, we focus more on raising community awareness about living in earthquake-prone areas, as well as the need for understanding earthquake-resistant houses and related infrastructure as part of community preparedness. Therefore, we did not conduct research related to community adaptability, as this would be more aligned with studies on community resilience. Regarding earthquake-resistant buildings, their ancestors had local wisdom by constructing traditional wooden houses in response to disaster-related concerns. However, the modernization of housing has altered the community's patterns, leading to limited knowledge about earthquake-resistant housing and other disaster preparedness facilities. This is a common issue in various earthquake-prone villages in Indonesia. Following your feedback, the revisions can be seen in the Introduction, paragraphs 1 and 3." “ …….Consequently, evaluating community knowledge pertaining to earthquake hazards is a pivotal measure in the establishment of efficient policies for disaster preparedness and mitigation, such as the awareness of living on the earthquake prone area, earthquake-resistant housing and its related infrastructures” and …..” The extent of the success of this initiative will also be a part of this observation, as it is a crucial component of infrastructure disaster awareness. Since most of the casualties in an earthquake have been determined to be deaths caused by buildings collapsing (Sutrisno et al, 2024)…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The terms used like disaster preparedness infrastructure needs to be specified. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The term 'disaster preparedness infrastructure' that we refer to is specified as Earthquake-Resistant Buildings: Structures designed to withstand the shocks and damage caused by earthquakes. Evacuation Facilities: Safe and organized locations for evacuating residents during disasters, including evacuation routes and temporary shelters disaster facilities: such as health care facilities and emergency respond center. Training and Education: Programs that train and educate the community on how to respond correctly and effectively to disasters See the Sub chapter of instruments used and the questionnaire And the last paragraph of the introduction “….The disaster infrastructure referred to in this article includes buildings, particularly earthquake-resistant houses, as well as evacuation facilities such as evacuation roads, muster points, health facilities, and community training programs.” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- The hypothesis of the study needs to be more clearly given. -------------------------------- Author Response: The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that the level of disaster awareness has a significant influence on disaster preparedness infrastructure. To clarify, the details of this hypothesis are as follows: Level of Disaster Awareness: This refers to the extent to which individuals or communities understand and recognize the risks and hazards associated with earthquakes in their living environment. Disaster Preparedness Infrastructure: This encompasses all facilities, systems, and equipment prepared to deal with disasters, including earthquake-resistant buildings, early warning systems, evacuation facilities, emergency supply storage, and community training programs. This hypothesis posits that the higher the level of disaster awareness in a community, the better and more comprehensive the available disaster preparedness infrastructure. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Method : This section needs to be organized as sample (for the questionnaire and interviews) Instruments used and procedure. Sample : Number of participants, the sociodemographic characteristics of the survey and interview participants need to be given in a table (age gender education etc.) -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have restructured the methodology, as can be seen in the Methods chapter of this paper. In accordance with the reviewers’ suggestions, this section is divided into three subsections: samples, instruments used, and procedures. Regarding the data, the tables can be accessed by clicking the link provided in the Data Availability chapter of this paper (Repository Data). Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Participants: Minimum of high school education was chosen. The authors need to explain the reason behind this. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. Some word is missing, which we have corrected in the samples sub-chapter. “……..The eligibility criteria for respondents include individuals residing in areas directly impacted by earthquake disasters, aged at least 20 years, proficient in the Indonesian language, from diverse professional backgrounds spanning from farmers to office workers, possessing a minimum educational level of high school for village’s officials and any level of educations for respondents, and willing and capable of participating as respondents in this research project….” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Survey instrument: Information on how it was developed the response format for the questions and the time frame to which the questions address, and the psychometric properties like Cronbach alpha values needs to be given. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. The methodology has been restructured according to the reviewers' suggestions. Development of Response Format: The response format for the questions was developed based on a literature review and discussions with experts in the field. We used a 4-point Likert scale to measure respondents' readiness for earthquake disasters. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to cover the respondents' experiences and knowledge from the period before the disaster up to ten months after the disaster. This was done to ensure that the data collected is relevant and current. To measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire, we calculated Cronbach's alpha values for each section of the questionnaire, aiming for values > 0.7 to establish validity. These values indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and is reliable for measuring the intended research objectives. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Procedure: For data collection needs to be given. The authors have done some interviews but no information is given on the results and the procedure. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for the feedback. The interviews used the same format as the respondent survey. We have made corrections in the data collection subsection “…..Concurrently, the process of data collection for interviews was conducted face-to-face with the officials of the four affected sub-districts, i.e. , Rancagoong, Nagrak, Cibeureum, and Ciputri. As previously explained in the Ethics Clearance chapter, the research background was first explained, followed by obtaining consent to participate, and then proceeding with the interview process…” Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Results: Due to a lack of specific hypothesis the results and the analysis does not seem clear. A multiple regression analysis for adaptive behavior predictors may make the results more comprehensible. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We recognize that the lack of specific hypotheses can make the results and analysis appear unclear. As we mentioned earlier, this research focuses on community preparedness for earthquake disasters, specifically to assess awareness of living in the prone zone, the importance of earthquake-resistant houses and its supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we did not conduct an analysis of adaptive behaviour. Reviewer Comment: -------------------------------- Discussion: Needs to be extended after considering all the above points. As it stands it is not clear how the authors reached these conclusions and their recommendations. -------------------------------- Author Response: Thank you for your feedback. We have completed and revised it according to the objectives of this research. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Nuray Karanci A. Peer Review Report For: Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :256 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.157253.r297088) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-256/v1#referee-response-297088 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. 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