New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Huánuco Department, Peru

New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Huánuco Department, Peru | bioRxiv /* */ /* */ <!-- <!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M677548'); Skip to main content Home About Submit ALERTS / RSS Search for this keyword Advanced Search New Results New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Huánuco Department, Peru View ORCID Profile Armen Enikolopov , View ORCID Profile Thomas B. Croat doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.635959 Armen Enikolopov 1 Imprint Labs , New York, NY, USA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Armen Enikolopov For correspondence: aenikolopov{at}gmail.com Thomas B. Croat 2 Missouri Botanical Garden , St. Louis, MO, USA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Thomas B. Croat Abstract Full Text Info/History Metrics Preview PDF Abstract Two new species are described as new, fully characterized and compared with all other related congeners. INTRODUCTION This paper is first in a series describing new species of Araceae from the Huánuco Department of Peru, with particular focus on the vicinity of Tingo María. Tingo María is located at the confluence of the Huallaga and Monzón rivers, where the eastern slopes of the Andes meet the western Amazon basin. Here, unique topography and orographic conditions create an isolated pocket of tropical wet forest, resulting in a functional biogeographic island. At two locations in the Peruvian Andes, moisture-laden easterly air flow from the Amazon encountering the local topography creates patterns of orographic precipitation that result in high enough rainfall (to 5,000 mm/yr) to sustain areas of Tropical Wet Forest and Premontane Wet Forest , sensu Holdridge. The area immediately northeast of Tingo María is the northern-most of these. The next-nearest such biome occurs some 700 km to the southeast, in Madre de Dios, the second such location in Peru ( Enikolopov, 2025 ) ( Figure 1 ). Bounded by drier montane formations to the west and south and lowland Amazonian moist forest to the north and east, this effective insular isolation has likely contributed significantly to local speciation and endemism. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 1. Functional insular biogeography Holdridge Life Zone map, with transitional life zones, of South America with Peru inset, Tropical Wet Forest formations in cyan and marked with arrows. The northern (top) arrow marks the region near Tingo María, studied in this paper. The 700 km separation between these two isolated wet forest formations creates a biogeographic island at Tingo María. (Adapted from Enikolopov, 2025 ) The Araceae of Peru are diverse, not primarily due to the total number of species, as it is exceeded in that category by Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil, but rather due to the family’s diverse generic flora ( Croat, 1999 ). In terms of generic diversity by country, it has the largest number of genera in the Neotropics. Owing to its geographic position, which straddles the tropical and temperate regimes, it has the largest number of ecological zones. In the case of the Holdridge life zone system, it is exceeded only by Bolivia in the number of life zones for a single country ( Holdridge & al., 1971 ). Only the island of Borneo has more genera than Peru ( Boyce & Croat, 2011 ). The Araceae for the Flora of Peru ( Macbride, J. Francis, 1936 ) included only 147 species in 12 genera (actually 13 since he included Stenospermation as a part of Rhodospatha ). The Checklist for the Flora of Peru ( Brako & Croat, 1993 ) published 57 years later treated 26 and 218 species, including two introduced genera, Alocasia and Colocasia . Considerable taxonomic work has been done since the publication on the Flora of Peru Checklist by the second author (Croat). These have included regional florulas such as that of the Iquitos area ( Vásquez Martínez, 1997 ), the Flora of the Río Cenepa in northern Amazonas Department ( Croat & al., 2005 , 2010 ) and the Flora of Cerro Colán, in western Amazonas Department ( Croat & al., 2021 ). Other works described new species of Anthurium ( Lingan & Croat, 2005 ; Croat & Lingan, 2008 ; Croat & al., 2006 ; Martel & al., 2022), or the rediscovery of rare Anthurium ( Croat & Lingan, 2005 ). Several papers described new species of Philodendron from Peru ( Croat & al., 2012 ; Croat & Mines, 2022 ). Botanical work on the Tingo María region spans nearly two centuries, beginning with Eduard Friedrich Poeppig (1798-1868), who arrived in Peru 1826, but intensive collection only became possible with the construction of road access in the 1930s. Despite 90 years of subsequent botanical work, recent surveys by the first author and long-term observations by Alfredo Loayza (pers. comm.) have shown that the Tingo María region remains rich in undescribed species of Araceae. Upcoming publications on new species of Anthurium and Philodendron by Croat and Fred Mueller, as well as work on Anthurium by Croat and Alfredo Loayza, expand our understanding of the region’s diversity, to which this paper adds two more species, A. tenuilaminum and A. obtusicataphyllum . MATERIALS AND METHODS All descriptions presented here follow a pattern modified from that of ( Croat & Bunting, 1979 ), with particular details ascribed to the surface features and morphology of the vegetation in addition to the characteristics of the inflorescence. A yet unpublished multichotomous Anthurium key, developed by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden using Lucid Builder ( LucidCentral.org , Queensland, Australia), was used for species comparisons. Life zone ecology mentioned is based on the Holdridge life zone maps ( Holdridge, 1967 ; Holdridge & al., 1971) and determined using the dataset and online tool recently finished by the first author ( Enikolopov, 2025 ). Figure 1 was created with this same dataset and the QGIS ( QGIS, 2024 ) software package. Conservation Status The Red List status of both species described in this paper ( I.C.C.N., 2024 ) is classified as Data Deficient (DD), as each is currently known from only a single specimen. This lack of information prevents an accurate assessment of their risk of extinction. Further research, particularly targeted field surveys and specimen collection, is necessary to understand their conservation status. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, sp. nov. Type: Peru. Huánuco: Leoncio Prado; 32km NE of Tingo Maria on Ruta 5N to Pucallpa (19 km E of Puente Pumahuasi), in vicinity of the village of San Isidro, then 300 m S on dirt road to trailhead near water station. Small trail through wet forest, primary growth, steep slope, 09°13’18.70"S 075°49’46.30"W; elev: 1500 m, 24 July, 2024, A. Enikolopov, A. Loayza & K. Bettelyoun 340 (holotype, MO-7102236 sheet 1 of 2!, MO-7102237 sheet 2 of 2!; isotypes, USM!, COL!, K!, B!). Figures 2 – 9 Download figure Open in new tab Figure 2. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, Holotype specimen: A. Enikolopov, A. Loayza & K. Bettelyoun 340 (MO-7102236, sheet 1 of 2) showing stem, cataphylls, petiole and inflorescence. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 3. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, Holotype specimen: A. Enikolopov, A. Loayza & K. Bettelyoun 340 (MO-7102237, sheet 2 of 2) Download figure Open in new tab Figure 4. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, Adaxial blade surface, in situ at type locality. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 5. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, in situ at type locality. Note nodding spadix in early fruiting stage, hooded by the spathe. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 6. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, A. Spathe adaxial surface. B. Base of weakly stipitate spadix and front of spathe. C. Cut spadix of immature infructescence showing developing berries and weakly protruding styles. D. Outer surface of spadix of immature infructescence showing a few emerging berries. A & B to equal scale, C & D to equal scale. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 7. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, Abaxial blade surface. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 8. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, Leaf showing full petiole and leaf blade adaxial surface as well as a full inflorescence. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 9. Anthurium tenuilaminum Enikolopov & Croat, Apical portion of stem showing persistent intact cataphylls. Diagnosis The species a member of sect. Calomystrium characterized by its robust terrestrial or epiphytic habit, short internodes, terete non-sulcate petioles, thinly coriaceous large ovate-sagittate blades, narrowly hippocrepiform sinus, 7 pairs of basal veins, the 1 st & 2 nd free to the base, a nearly all naked posterior rib, 5–7 pairs of primary lateral veins,erect-spreading inflorescences, broad green erect-hooding spathe, and thick cylindroid curved, spreading or nodding, pale-yellow spadix. Robust terrestrial or epiphyte, stem to 60 cm long; cataphylls to 19 cm long, persistent intact dark brown, drying moderately thin, dark brown, fragmenting at base with thin fibers; petioles terete, spreading, 82–86 cm long, drying to 1 cm wide midway, drying medium yellow-brown, weakly glossy, densely marked with short pale short-lineate excrescences (these filled with minute pale granular crystals); geniculum 2 cm long, slightly shrunken, darker, covered densely with rounded excresences as on shaft; blade 59–62 cm long, 40–45 cm wide, 1.3–1.5 times as long as wide, 0.49– 0.7 times as long as the petioles, thinly coriaceous, dark green and glossy above, weakly paler and subglossy below; midrib narrow shallow U shaped above, larger U shaped with rib or acute ridge below; upper surface diffuse-granular on magnification; lower surface weakly granular and sparsely gland-like-punctate on magnification; primary lateral veins 5–7 per side, arising at 35–40°, moderately quilted above; major veins above V-shaped to U-shaped in valleys above, U shaped or narrowly rounded below, drying bluntly acute and concolorous above, moderately acute and paler below; minor veins sunken above raised below, drying weakly prominulous below. INFLORESCENCE erect-spreading; peduncle spreading, 77–89 cm long, about as thick at the petiole; spathe green, oblong-lanceolate,19.5–21.5 cm long, 2.7–3 cm wide, spreading at 120° to the peduncle, then weakly arching, narrowly acuminate, hooding the spreading or weakly nodding spadix; spadix 8 cm long, 9–10 mm diam.; flowers 2.5–3 mm long, 2.2–2.5 mm wide; tepals gray crustiose-scaly; lateral tepals 1.2–1.3 mm wide, rounded on inside margin, 2–4(4-sided and shield-shaped); pistils weakly emergent, narrowly tapered and prominently exserted on drying, the stigma round, 0.1 mm diam.; INFRUCTESCENCE robust, 21.5–22 cm long, drying 1.7 cm diam. midway, cylindroid-tapered, nodding, pale yellow post-anthesis with traces of green; immature berries yellow with green ovules. Anthurium tenuilaminum is endemic to Peru, known only from the type locality in Huánuco Department at 1500 m in a Tropical Premontane Moist Forest core life zone. In the Lucid Anthurium Key the species tracks to A. lutescens Engl., differing by the absence of gland-like punctations on the lower laminar surface and petioles that are sulcate above and weakly keeled below; A. cerratae Croat & Lingan, differing by drying dark brown with a short, non-naked posterior rib and a long-tapered purplish stipitate spadix; A. cerropascoense Croat at 2000–2500 m from the Department of Junín which differs by drying dark brown, having only a single pair of free basal veins, a posterior rib only 3 cm long and naked 2 cm long as well as a green spadix; A. consimile Schott differing by its spathulate non-naked sinus and only 2 pair of primary lateral veins; A. formosum Schott, differing by its erect shrouding purple-tinged green spathe and its spindle-shaped purplish violet spadix with prominently exerted pistils and A. rojasiae Croat differing by its more coriaceous dark brown-drying blades with a collective vein much more distant from the margin. Etymology The species epithet comes from the Latin tenuis (thin) and laminum (blade) referring to the very thin-drying blades which is unusual for any member of sect. Calomystrium . Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, sp. nov Type: Perú, Huánuco, Leoncio Prado, Along trail near stream through primary forest running within 5 m of stream. Trailhead starts across suspension footbridge 14 km S of Tingo Maria. 1.0 km from trailhead, 9°25’29.95"S, 75°58’36.12"W, 797 m, 27 July 2024, A. Enikolopov, A. Loayaza & K. Bettelyoun 363 (holotype, MO-7102102!; isotypes, USM!, COL!, K!, B!). Figures 10 – 16 Download figure Open in new tab Figure 10. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, holotype specimen (MO-7102102). Download figure Open in new tab Figure 11. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, habit, highlighting the spreading disposition of petiole and peduncle. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 12. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, A, Detail of alcohol-preserved immature infructescence. Scale bar = 2 mm. B. Infructescence (left), post-anthesis inflorescence (center), inflorescence at anthesis. Note violet peduncles. Scale bar = 10 cm. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 13. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, Note violet peduncles. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 14. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, Adaxial blade surface showing matte-subvelvet texture. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 15. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, Abaxial blade surface showing collective veins arising from primary lateral veins. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 16. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum Croat, Enikolopov & Loayza, Detail of stem. Note namesake blunt cataphyll at top of figure. Diagnosis The species is a member of Anthurium section Cardiolonchium , and is characterized by its terrestrial habit, semi-intact cataphylls, sulcate reddish brown-drying petioles, narrowly ovate-sagittate bluntly tipped matte-subvelvety blades 3-ribbed lower midrib, long-pedunculate inflorescence with a linear-lanceolate mostly green spathe and green long-tapered spadix with purple berries. Robust terrestrial to 1.5 m; stem to 60 cm long, terete, gray-green, subglossy, with adventitious roots common at nodes, 3–4 mm thick (drying 0.9–1.6 mm), to 25 cm long, spreading just below horizontally, gray-green, matte, very weakly longitudinally striate in texture; internodes 2.5–3.5 cm long, diameter 2.5–3 cm, drying to to 2 cm, too; cataphylls 9–13.7 cm long, not ribbed, pointed and very narrowly rounded with both margins turned inward, with only a weak point at the apex less than 1 mm long, green sometimes tinged with shades of violet, persisting semi intact with dark red-brown epidermis and paler fibers visible basally, deciduous after ca. 8 nodes. LEAVES spirally arranged, ca. 5 in number, borne mostly at apical nodes; petioles erect to spreading, 48–79 cm long (average 66 cm), 6–8 mm diam., subterete, narrowly and shallowly sulcate adaxially with obtuse margins, sometimes with very multiple weak ribs, sometimes weakly transversely fissured at base, green to green with shades of red; drying reddish-brown finely striate, except basally, where pustular; sheath ca. 5 cm long, green with violet tone; geniculum 3–4 cm long, ca. 1/3 thicker than petiole, strong pale yellow; blade spreading-pendant on petiole, simple, ovate-cordate-sagittate, narrowly rounded and briefly short-pointed at apex, not at all acuminate, sagittately lobed at base, broadest near plexus, 42–50 cm long, 26–36 wide, 1.6–1.7x longer than broad, 0.75–0.83x as long as petiole; subcoriaceous and soft, matte-subvelvety above, submatte below, green above and below, drying moderately coriaceous, weakly bicolorous, medium greenish gray-brown, matte above, medium-light green, semiglossy below; anterior lobe 30–40 cm long, the margins convex, undulate; posterior lobes narrowly rounded, weakly inturned, 16–21 cm long; 10.3 cm wide midway; sinus hippocrepiform, 13–17 cm deep, 5–9 cm wide; midrib concolorous, U-shaped at base to ribbed at apex above, paler yellow-green, U-shaped and weakly 3-ribbed below, drying triangular, narrowly acute toward apex above, orangeish-brown below, drying round-raised, prominently 3-ribbed medium reddish brown below; primary lateral veins 4–8 pairs, acutely triangular above, narrowly raised, medially ridged below; departing midrib at 35–70°, curving towards apex; basal veins 7 pairs, the 1st acropetal, 2nd barely so; 3rd fused 2.4 cm, 4th 5th fused 4.7 cm, 6th & 7th fused 6.7 cm; posterior rib broadly curved back, 6–8 cm long, naked for 4–5 cm; tertiary veins weakly prominulous below; collective veins arising from 1st or 2nd primary lateral veins, weakly loop-connected, running 2–6 mm from margin. INFLORESCENCE erect to erect-spreading, shorter than leaves; peduncle 32–49 cm long (average 38 cm), 5–6 mm diam., 0.4–1.0 times as long as petiole, subterete, dark violet-red to maroon; spathe 15.5 cm long, 2–3 wide, linear-lanceolate, convex, smooth, soft, thinly coriaceous, green with red tinge and reddish-green margins, becoming medium green post-anthesis, subglossy, with ca 7. longitudinal veins darker than lamina, recurved, ca. ⅔ length of spadix, narrowly acute at apex, becoming weakly revolute at base post-anthesis, inserted at ca. 75°, margins meeting at base at a very obtuse angle; spadix gradually tapered, 17–22 cm long, diam. 8–19 mm at base, 4–5 mm at apex, light to medium green shortly pre- and post-anthesis, likely same at anthesis, stipitate, the stipe violet basally to green apically, 5–6 mm diam., 2.5 cm long in front, 0.8 cm long in rear; flowers sub-rhombic, sinusoid and parallel along secondary spiral, straight and parallel along primary spiral, 2.5 mm long, 2.8 mm wide post-anthesis, 7–8 flowers visible along principal spiral per side, 4–5 along secondary; lateral tepals 1.2–1.3 mm wide, inner margins rounded convex, outer margins 2-sided; stigma linear to ellipsoid, 1.3–1.4 mm wide, 0.45–0.55 mm long, 0.25–0.45 mm wide; stamens not observed INFRUCTESCENCE spreading, the apical portion dried and curled, lacking fruits; peduncle green to maroon; spathe persisting withered, reflexed, curled; spadix at least sometimes becoming recurved as berries mature; berries, dark near-black ruby, white at base, obovoid, to ca. 1 cm long, 7 mm diam.; seeds 2 per berry. Anthurium obtusicataphyllum is endemic to Peru, known only from the type locality in Huánuco Department, Leoncio Prado Province, in the vicinity of Tingo María, immediately outside the southern border of Tingo María National Park at 797 m in a Premontane Moist Forest transitional life zone. The type was collected along a commonly-visited trail at an moderately sun-exposed location within 5 m of a stream. The species is most easily confused with A. sagittatum (Sims) G.Don that differs by having a 5-sided to 5-winged petiole and the blades that are narrowly and gradually acuminate at apex (vs. narrowly rounded with short acute tip in A. obtusicataphylum . In the Lucid Anthurium Key the species tracks to A. aylwardianum Croat, which differs by its darker brown-drying blades with broadly spreading posterior lobes, a broadly parabolic sinus and a narrowly long-acuminate apex; A. breviscapum Kunth, differing by its much-elongated internodes, A. oxapampense Croat, differing by its panduriforme blades with sagittate-hastate lobes; A. yungasense Croat & Acebey from Bolivia, differing by its fibrous persistent cataphylls and its cylindroid spadix and A . sanguineum Engl. which differs by having a red spathe and dark green spadix. Etymology From the Latin obtusus (blunt) and cataphyllum (cataphyll), referring to the species’ blunt cataphylls. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Alfredo A. Loayza of Tingo María, Peru, for his assistance and knowledge of Peruvian Anthurium . We thank Kamimila Bettelyoun of New York for research assistance during field studies in Peru in the summer of 2024. LITERATURE CITED ↵ Boyce , P.C. , & Croat , T.B. 2011 , onwards. The Überlist of Araceae, Totals for Published and Estimated Number of Species in Aroid Genera . http://www.aroid.org/genera/20201008Uberlist.pdf ↵ Brako , L. , & Croat , T.B. 1993 . Araceae . Pp. 71 – 82 in: L. Brako & J.L. Zarucchi (eds.), In. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. ↵ Croat , T.B . 1999 . The Araceae of Peru–distribution, species diversity and centers of endemism . Arnaldoa 6 : 45 – 79 . OpenUrl ↵ Croat , T.B. , & Bunting , G.S . 1979 . Standardization of Anthurium descriptions . Aroideana 2 : 15 – 25 . OpenUrl ↵ Croat , T.B. , Ferry , G. , & Scherberich , D. 2006 . A New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Loreto . Northern Peru . ↵ Croat , T.B. , Ferry , G. , & Scherberich , D . 2012 . Two New Species of Philodendron (Araceae) from Amazonian Peru . Aroideana 35 : 29 – 34 . OpenUrl ↵ Croat , T.B. , Grace , A. , Barbour , P.J. , Schulenberg , T.S. , & Graham , G.L . 2021 . The Process of Discovery in and New Species from Northern Peru Cerro Colán Department Amazonas Province Bagua . J Bot Res Inst Tex . 15 : 393 – 524 . OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Croat , T.B. , & Lingan , C.J . 2008 . New Endemic Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Río Huallaga . Peru Novon 18 : 146 – 163 . OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Croat , T.B. , & Lingan , J . 2005 . Rediscovery of rare species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Peru . Aroideana 28 : 69 – 80 . OpenUrl ↵ Croat , T.B. , & Mines , T.E . 2022 . New species of Philodendron subgenus Philodendron (Araceae) from Ecuador and Peru . Aroideana 45 : 45 – 83 . OpenUrl ↵ Croat , T.B. , Swart , A. , & Yates , E.D. 2005 . New species of Araceae from the Río Cenepa Region of Peru . ↵ Croat , T.B. , Yates , E.D. , & Swart , A. 2010 . Araceae . Pp. 237 – 310 in: R.V. Martínez , R.R. González , & H. Werff (eds.), Flora del Río Cenepa, Amazonas, Peru . Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol. 114 . Flora del Río Cenepa . OpenUrl ↵ Enikolopov , A. 2025 , in preparation. High resolution implementation of the Holdridge Life Zone map at high-resolution (1 km), with transitional zones and altitudinal belts . ↵ Holdridge , L.R . 1967 . Life Zone Ecology . ↵ Holdridge , L.R. , Grenke , W.C. , Hatheway , W.H. , Liang , T. , & Tosi , J. , Jr . . 1971 . Forest environments in tropical life zones . New York : Pergamon Press . ↵ I.C.C.N . 2024 . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Version. ↵ Lingan , J. , & Croat , T.B . 2005 . New species of Anthurium (Araceae) from the Peruvian Andes . Lingan Croat Rodriguesia 56 : 43 – 51 . OpenUrl ↵ Macbride , J. Francis . 1936 . Flora of Peru . Chicago : Field Museum of Natural History . https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/147681 Martel , C. , Croat , T.B. , & Huayta , A. 2022 . A new Species of Anthurium section Calomystrium, subsection Rupicola (Araceae) from Peru . ↵ QGIS . 2024 . QGIS Geographic Information System . http://www.qgis.org/ ↵ Vásquez Martínez , R. 1997 . Flórula de las reservas biológicas de Iquitos, Perú: Allpahuayo-Mishana, Explornapo Camp, Explorama Lodge . Monogr. Syst. Bot. Mo. Bot. Gard . 63 : 1 – 1046 . OpenUrl View the discussion thread. Back to top Previous Next Posted February 03, 2025. Download PDF Email Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv. NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. Your Email * Your Name * Send To * Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. You are going to email the following New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Huánuco Department, Peru Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from bioRxiv Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the bioRxiv website. 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